Legal Preparedness: Care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement

Chest

Volumn 146, Issue , 2014, Pages e134S-e144S

  Courtney, Brooke ^a   Hodge, James G ^b   Toner, Eric S ^c   Roxland, Beth E ^d,l   Penn, Matthew S ^e   Devereaux, Asha V ^f   Dichter, Jeffrey R ^g,h   Kissoon, Niranjan ⁱ   Christian, Michael D ^j,m   Powell, Tia ^k  

^a US Food and Administration   (United States)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW   (United States)

^e CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION   (United States)

^f Sharp Hospital   (United States)

^g Allina Health Laboratories   (United States)

^h AURORA HEALTH CARE   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^j MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL   (Canada)

^k ALBERT EINSTEIN COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^l JOHNSON AND JOHNSON   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY HEALTH NETWORK   (Canada)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COOPERATION; EMERGENCY CARE; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FOREIGN WORKER; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH CARE AVAILABILITY; HEALTH CARE DELIVERY; HEALTH CARE FACILITY; HEALTH CARE PERSONNEL; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HUMAN; INJURY; INTENSIVE CARE; LEGAL LIABILITY; MASS DISASTER; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; PANDEMIC; PROTOCOL COMPLIANCE; PUBLIC HEALTH; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; CONSENSUS; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DECISION MAKING; DISASTER; EMERGENCY HEALTH SERVICE; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

CONSENSUS; CRITICAL CARE; CRITICAL ILLNESS; DECISION MAKING; DISASTERS; EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES; HUMANS; PANDEMICS; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84908473609     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: 19313543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-0741     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. IOM (Institute of Medicine) Crisis Standards of Care: A Systems Framework for Catastrophic Disaster Response. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2012.
2. IOM (Institute of Medicine) Guidance for Establishing Crisis Standards of Care for Use in Disaster Situations: A Letter Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2009.
3. Hodge JG Jr, Garcia AM, Anderson ED, Kaufman T. Emergency legal preparedness for hospitals and health care personnel. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009;3(suppl 2):S37-S44.
4. Anderson ED, Hodge JG Jr. Emergency legal preparedness among select US local governments. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009;3(suppl 2):S176-S184.
5. Powell T, Hanfling D, Gostin LO. Emergency preparedness and public health: the lessons of Hurricane Sandy. JAMA. 2012;308(24):2569-2570.
6. Fink S. Strained by Katrina, a hospital faced deadly choices. New York Times Magazine. August 25, 2009. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/magazine/30doctors.html. Accessed August 7, 2014.
7. Hodge JG Jr, Brown EF. Assessing liability for health care entities that insufficiently prepare for catastrophic emergencies. JAMA. 2011;306(3):308-309.
8. Preston v. Tenet Health system Memorial Medical Center Inc, No. 05-11709-B-15 (LA Civ Dist Ct settled March 23, 2011).
9. Fink S. Five Days at Memorial: Life and Death in a Storm-Ravaged Hospital. New York, NY: Crown Publishers; 2013.
10. Ornelas J, Dichter JR, Devereaux AV, Kissoon N, Livinski A, Christian MD; on behalf of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Methodology: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest. 2014;146(4-suppl):35S-41S.
11. Devereaux AV, Dichter JR, Christian MD, et al Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Definitive care for the critically ill during a disaster: a framework for allocation of scarce resources in mass critical care: from a Task Force for Mass Critical Care summit meeting, January 26-27, 2007, Chicago, IL. Chest. 2008;133(suppl 5):51S-66S.
12. US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Altered Standards of Care in Mass Casualty Events. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2005. AHRQ Publication No. 05-0043.
13. Courtney B, Hodge JG Jr; Task Force for Pediatric Emergency Mass Critical Care. Legal considerations during pediatric emergency mass critical care events. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011;12(suppl 6):S152-S156.
14. Hodge JG, Collmer V. A legal duty to evacuate patients from healthcare facilities in emergencies. The Health Lawyer. 2013;25(3):20-23.
15. Pahlman I, Tohmo H, Gylling H. Pandemic influenza: human rights, ethics and duty to treat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2010;54(1):9-15.
16. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. Proposed Rule: 37. Emergency preparedness requirements for Medicare and Medicaid participating providers and suppliers (CMS-3178-P) (Section 610 Review).
17. Franco C, Toner E, Waldhorn R, Maldin B, O'Toole T, Inglesby TV. Systemic collapse: Medical care in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Biosecur Bioterror. 2006;4(2):135-146.
18. Redlener I, Reilly MJ. Lessons from Sandy - preparing health systems for future disasters. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(24):2269-2271.
19. Powell M, Fink S. Nursing home is faulted over care after storm. New York Times. November 10, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/10/nyregion/queens-nursing-home-is-faulted-over-care-after-storm.html. Accessed August 7, 2014.
20. Fink S. The New Katrina flood: hospital liability. New York Times. January 1, 2010.
21. In the Matter of Maison Deville Nursing Home, 797 So.2d 728,730 (La. App. 1 Cir. June 22, 2001).
22. Daugherty Biddison L, Berkowitz KA, Courtney B, et al; on behalf of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Ethical considerations: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest. 2014;146(4-suppl):e145S-e155S.
23. Levin D, Cadigan RO, Biddinger PD, Condon S, Koh HK; Joint Massachusetts Department of Public Health-Harvard Altered Standards of Care Working Group. Altered standards of care during an influenza pandemic: identifying ethical, legal, and practical principles to guide decision making. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009;3(suppl 2):S132-S140.
24. Hodge JG Jr, Hanfling D, Powell TP. Practical, ethical, and legal challenges underlying crisis standards of care. J Law Med Ethics. 2013;41(suppl 1):50-55.
25. Devereaux AV, Tosh PK, Hick JL, et al; on behalf of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Engagement and education: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest. 2014;146(4-suppl):e118S-e133S.
26. Weiser B. Suit may go on in disaster plan for the disabled. New York Times. November 8, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/nyregion/suit-proceeds-over-citys-disaster-planning-for-disabled-people.html. Accessed August 7, 2014.
27. Network for Public Health Law. Legal Brief: Communities Actively Living Independent and Free (CALIF) v. City of Los Angeles. February 11, 2011.
28. Hartocollis A. Health chief defends decision not to evacuate hospitals. New York Times. January 24, 2013.
29. Fink S. Class-action suit filed after Katrina hospital deaths settled for $25 million. ProPublica. July 21, 2011. http://www.propublica.org/article/class-action-suit-filed-after-katrina-hospital-deaths-settled-for-25-millio. Accessed August 7, 2014.
30. King MA, Niven AS, Beninat iW, et al; on behalf of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Evacuation of the ICU: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest. 2014;146(4-suppl):e44S-e60S.
31. Editorial. Hospital evacuations for future storms. New York Times. November 6, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/07/opinion/hospital-evacuations-for-future-storms.html. Accessed August 7, 2014.
32. Sulzberger AG, Stelter B. A rush to protect patients, then bloody chaos. New York Times. May 23, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/24/us/24tornado.html-r=1&pagewanted=all. Accessed August 7, 2014.
33. Gray BH, Hebert K. Hospitals in Katrina: Challenges Facing Custodial Institutions in a Disaster. The Urban Institute. 2006. http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/411348-katrinahospitals.pdf. Accessed August 7, 2014.
34. Fink S. In hurricane's wake, decisions not to evacuate hospitals raise questions. ProPublica. November 1, 2012. http://www.propublica.org/article/in-hurricanes-wake-decisions-not-to-evacuate-hospitals-raise-questions. Accessed August 7, 2014.
35. Kolker R. A hospital flatlined: inside the NYU Langone Medical Center evacuation. New York Magazine. November 3, 2012.
36. Brown LM, Hyer K, Polivka-West L. A comparative study of laws, rules, codes and other influences on nursing homes' disaster preparedness in the Gulf Coast states. Behav Sci Law. 2007;25(5):655-675.
37. Christian MD, Sprung CL, King MA, et al; on behalf of the Task Force for Mass Critical Care. Triage: care of the critically ill and injured during pandemics and disasters: CHEST consensus statement. Chest. 2014;146(4-suppl):e61S-e74S.
38. Hodge JG Jr, Courtney B. Assessing the legal standard of care in public health emergencies. JAMA. 2010;303(4):361-362.
39. Hick JL, Rubinson L, O'Laughlin DT, Farmer JC. Clinical review: allocating ventilators during large-scale disasters-problems, planning, and process. Crit Care. 2007;11(3):217-225.
40. Debruin DA, Marshall MF, Parilla E, et al. Implementing Ethical Frameworks for Rationing Scarce Health Resources in Minnesota During Severe Influenza Pandemic. Minneapolis, MN: Minnesota Department of Health; 2010: http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/ethics/implement.pdf.
41. IOM (Institute of Medicine). Crisis Standards of Care: A Toolkit for Indicators and Triggers. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2013.
42. Hodge JG, Anderson ED. Principles and practice of legal triage during public health emergencies. NYU Ann Surv Am L. 2008;64(2):249-291.
43. Gostin LO, Hanfling D, Hodge JG Jr, Courtney B, Hick JL, Peterson CA. Standard of care-in sickness and in health and in emergencies. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(14):1378-1379.
44. Mareiniss DP, Levy F, Regan L. ICU triage: the potential legal liability of withdrawing ICU care during a catastrophic event. Am J Disaster Med. 2011;6(6):329-338.
45. 42 U.S.C. §247d-6d (2006).
46. Courtney B, Sherman S, Penn M. Federal legal preparedness tools for facilitating medical countermeasure use during public health emergencies. J Law Med Ethics. 2013;41(suppl 1):22-27.
47. Emergency Management Assistance Compact. Pub. L. No. 104-321; 110 Stat. 3877 (1996).
48. Hodge JG Jr, Gable LA, Cálves SH. Volunteer health professionals and emergencies: assessing and transforming the legal environment. Biosecur Bioterror. 2005;3(3):216-223.
49. Hoffman S. Responders' responsibility: liability and immunity in public health emergencies. Georgetown Law J. 2008;96(6):1913-1970.
50. Hoffman S, Goodman RA, Stier DD. Law, liability, and public health emergencies. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2009;3(2):117-125.
51. Rosenbaum S, Harty MB, Sheer J. State laws extending comprehensive legal liability protections for professional health-care volunteers during public health emergencies. Public Health Rep. 2008;123(2):238-241.
52. La Rev Stat Ann §29:735.3 ( 2008).
53. Va Code Ann §8.01-225.01-02 ( 2008).
54. La Rev Stat Ann §37:1731.1 ( 2008).
55. AMA (American Medical Association). House of Delegates Resolution 206: Uniform Emergency Volunteer Health Practitioners Act. Chicago, IL: AMA; 2008.
56. Koch VG, Roxland BE. Unique proposals for limiting legal liability and encouraging adherence to ventilator allocation guidelines in an influenza pandemic. DePaul J Health Care Law. 2013;14(3):467-501.
57. Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. Pub. L. No. 107-188; 116 Stat 594 (2002).
58. Kerlin A. Preparedness law allowed Boston to quickly pool medical resources. Reuters. April 19, 2013.
59. Jangi S. Facing uncertainty-dispatch from Beth Israel Medical Center, Manhattan. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(24):2267-2269.
60. The Joint Commission. Surge Hospitals: Providing Safe Care in Emergencies. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission; 2005.
61. Baumann AO, Blythe JM, Underwood JM. Surge capacity and casualization: Human resource issues in the post-SARS health system. Can J Public Health. 2006;97(3):230-232.
62. Kellermann AL. Crisis in the emergency department. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(13):1300-1303.
63. Boyajian-O'Neill LA, Gronewold LM, Glaros AG, Elmore AM. Physician licensure during disasters: a national survey of state medical boards. JAMA. 2008;299(2):169-171.
64. Hodge JG, Calves SH, Gable L, et al. Risk management in the wake of hurricanes and other disasters: hospital civil liability arising from the use of volunteer health professionals during emergencies. Mich St J Med & Law. 2006;10(1):57-86.
65. Weeks EA. Lessons from Katrina: response, recovery and the public health infrastructure. DePaul J Health Care Law. 2007;10(2):251-290.
66. Courtney B. Five legal preparedness challenges for responding to future public health emergencies. J Law Med Ethics. 2011;39(suppl 1):60-64.
67. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Emergency System for Advance Registration of Volunteer Health Professionals (ESARVHP): Legal and Regulatory Issues. Washington, DC: HHS; 2009.
68. Ransom MM, Goodman RA, Moulton AD. Addressing gaps in health care sector legal preparedness for public health emergencies. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2008;2(1):50-56.
69. Hodge JG, Gable LA, Calves SH. The legal framework for meeting surge capacity through the use of volunteer health professionals during public health emergencies and other disasters. J Contemp Health Law Policy. 2005;22(1):5-71.
70. The Joint Commission. Disaster Privileging Standard. Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals. Medical Staff Section MS.5.14.4.1.
71. Courtney B, Morhard R, Bouri N, Cicero A. Expanding practitioner scopes of practice during public health emergencies: experiences from the 2009 H1N1 pandemic vaccination efforts. Biosecur Bioterror. 2010;8(3):223-231.
72. N.Y. Executive Order No. 29. Declaring a Disaster Emergency in the State of New York. Oct. 28, 2009. http://www.governor.ny.gov/archive/paterson/executiveorders/eo-29.html. Accessed August 7, 2014.
73. WHO (World Health Organization). FMT Concept Paper. March 2011. http://www.who.int/hac/global-health-cluster/about/ghc-annex9- field-medical-team-concept-note-18march2011.pdf. Accessed August 7, 2014.
74. INSARAG (International Search and Rescue Advisory Group). INSARAG Guidelines and Methodology. 2012. http://www.insarag.org. Accessed August 7, 2014.
75. Redmond AD, O'Dempsey TJ, Taithe B. Disasters and a register for foreign medical teams. Lancet. 2011;377(9771):1054-1055.
76. Fisher D. Regulating the helping hand: improving legal preparedness for cross-border disaster medicine. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2010;25(3):208-212.
77. IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies), OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs), and Inter-Parliamentary Union. Model Act for the Facilitation and Regulation of International Disaster Relief and Initial Recovery Assistance (with commentary). http://www.ifrc.org/docs/IDRL/MODEL%20ACT%20ENGLISH.pdf. Published 2013. Accessed August 7, 2014.
78. Lurie N, Manolio T, Patterson AP, Collins F, Frieden T. Research as a part of public health emergency response. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(13):1251-1255.
79. USCIITG (United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group). USCIITG-PREP (Program for Emergency Preparedness). http://www.usciitg.org/?page-id545. Accessed August 7, 2014.
80. US Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Regional Health e-Decisions: A Guide to Connect Health Information Exchange in Primary Care. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2013. AHRQ Publication No. 13-0018-EF.
81. US Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). Southeast Regional HIT-HIE Collaboration (SERCH): Final Report; ONC State Health Policy Consortium Project: Health Information Exchange in Disaster Preparedness and Response. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2012.