The world reshaped: Practices and impacts of early agrarian societies

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 51, Issue , 2014, Pages 1-11

  Whitehouse, Nicki J ^a,b   Kirleis, Wiebke ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH   (United Kingdom)

^b QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Agricultural transitions; Cultural landscapes; Human environment interactions; Integration of archaeology and palaeoecology; Neolithic; Sustainable agriculture

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT; ALTERNATIVE AGRICULTURE; ARCHAEOLOGY; CULTURAL LANDSCAPE; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; GEOLOGICAL RECORD; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; NATURE-SOCIETY RELATIONS; NEOLITHIC; PALEOECOLOGY;

EUROPE;

EID: 84908228802     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: 10959238     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2014.08.007     Document Type: Article

References (124)

1. Aranguren B., Becattini R., Lippi M.M., Revedin A. Grinding flour in Upper Palaeolithic Europe (25000 years BP). Antiquity 2007, 81:845-855.
2. Bakels C. The first farmers of the Northwest European Plain: some remarks on their crops, crop cultivation and impact on the environment. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:94-97.
3. From Funeral Monuments to Household Pottery. Current Advances in Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB/TBK) Research (Proceedings of the Borger Meetings 2009, The Netherlands) 2013, Oxbow Books, Oxford. J.A. Bakker, S.B.C. Bloo, M.K. Dütting (Eds.).
4. Bakker J.A., Kruk J., Lanting A.E., Milisauskas S. The earliest evidence of wheeled vehicles in Europe and the Near East. Antiquity 1999, 73:778-790.
5. Barker G. The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory 2006, Oxford University Press, USA.
6. Bayliss A., Whittle A. Histories of the dead: building chronologies for five southern British long barrows. Camb. Archaeol. J. 2007, 17(Suppl.1):1-147.
7. Bellwood P. First Farmers. The Origins of Agricultural Societies 2005, Blackwell, Malden (MA).
8. Bishop R.R., Church M.J., Rowley-Conwy P.A. Cereals, fruits and nuts in the Scottish Neolithic. Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scotl. 2009, 139:47-103.
9. Blaauw M., Bakker R., Christen J.A., Hall V.A., van der Plicht J. ABayesian framework for age-modelling of radiocarbon-dated peat deposits: case studies from the Netherlands. Radiocarbon 2007, 49:357-367.
10. Bogaard A. Neolithic Farming in Central Europe 2004, Routledge, London.
11. Bogaard A., Jones G. Neolithic farming in Britain and central Europe: contrast or continuity?. Proc. Br. Acad. 2007, 144:357-375.
12. Bogaard A., Heaton T.H.E., Poulton P., Merbach I. The impact of manuring on nitrogen isotope ratios in cereals: archaeological implications for reconstruction of diet and crop management practices. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2007, 34:335-343.
13. Bogaard A., Krause R., Strien H.-C. Towards a social geography of cultivation and plant use in an early farming community: Vaihingen an der Enz, south-west Germany. Antiquity 2011, 85:395-416.
14. Bronk-Ramsey C. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 2009, 51:337-360.
15. Brown A. Dating the onset of cereal cultivation in Britain and Ireland: the evidence from charred cereal grains. Antiquity 2007, 81:1042-1052.
16. Brozio J.P., Dörfler W., Feeser I., Kirleis W., Klooß S., Müller J. AMiddle Neolithic well from Northern Germany: a precise source to reconstruct water supply management, subsistence economy, and deposition practices. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:135-153.
17. Buck C.E., Cavanagh W.G., Litton C.D. Bayesian Approach to Interpreting Archaeological Data 1996, John Wiley & Son, Chichester.
18. Carson J.F., Whitney B.S., Mayle F.E., Iriarte J., Prümers H., Soto J.D., Watling J. Environmental impact of geometric earthwork construction in pre-Columbian Amazonia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2014, 10.1073/pnas.1321770111.
19. Colledge S.J., Conolly J., Shennan S. The evolution of Neolithic farming from SW Asian origins to NW European limits. Eur. J. Archaeol. 2005, 8:137-156.
20. Conolly J., Colledge S., Shennan S. Founder effect, drift, and adaptive change in domestic crop use in early Neolithic Europe. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2008, 35:2797-2804.
21. Cramp L.J.E., Jones J., Sheridan A., Smyth J., Whelton H., Mulville J., Sharples N., Evershed R.P. Immediate replacement of fishing with dairying by the earliest farmers of the northeast Atlantic archipelagos. Proc. R. Soc. B 2014, 281. 10.1098/rspb.2013.2372.
22. 14C dates as demographic proxies in neolithisation models of northwestern Europe: a critical assessment using Belgium and northeast France as a case-study. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 10.1016/j.jas.2014.02.001.
23. Denevan W.M. Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes 2003, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
24. Denham T. Early agriculture: recent conceptual and methodological developments. The Emergence of Agriculture; a Global View 2007, 1-25. Routledge, London. T. Denham, P. White (Eds.).
25. Denham T. Early farming in Island Southeast Asia: an alternative hypothesis. Antiquity 2013, 87:250-257.
26. Rethinking Agriculture: Archaeological and Ethnoarchaeological Perspectives 2009, Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, Calif. T. Denham, J. Iriarte, L. Vrydaghs (Eds.).
27. Dörfler W., Feeser I., Van den Bogaard C., Dreibrodt S., Erlenkeuser H., Kleinmann A., Merkt J., Wiethold J. Ahigh-quality annually laminated sequence from Lake Belau, northern Germany: revised chronology and its implications for palynological and tephrochronological studies. Holocene 2012, 22:413-426.
28. Dreibrodt S., Lubos C., Terhorst B., Damm B., Bork H.-R. Historical soil erosion by water in Germany: scales and archives, chronology, research perspectives. Quat. Int. 2010, 222:80-95.
29. Dreibrodt S., Zahrer J., Bork H.-R., Brauer A. Witterungs- und Umweltgeschichte während der norddeutschen Trichterbecherkultur - rekonstruiert auf Basis mikrofazieller Untersuchungen an jahresgeschichteten Seesedimenten. Siedlung, Grabenwerk, Großsteingrab. Studien zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt der Trichterbechergruppen im nördlichen Mitteleuropa 2012, 145-158. Frühe Monumentalität und soziale Differenzierung 2, Habelt, Bonn. M. Hinz, J. Müller (Eds.).
30. Ellis E.C., Kaplan J.O., Fuller D.Q., Vavrus S., Goldewijk K.K., Verburg P.H. Used planet: a global history. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2013, 110:7978-7985.
31. Fairbairn A. An archaeobotanical perspective on Holocene plant-use practices in lowland northern New Guinea. World Archaeol. 2005, 37:487-502.
32. Farrell M., Bunting M.J., Lee D.H.J., Thomas A. Neolithic settlement at the woodlands edge: palynological data and timber architecture in Orkney, Scotland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:225-236.
33. Feeser I., Furholt M. Ritual and economic activity during the Neolithic in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany: an approach to combine archaeological and palynological evidence. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:126-134.
34. Feeser I., Dörfler W., Averdieck F.-R., Wiethold J. New insight into regional and local land-use and vegetation patterns in eastern Schleswig-Holstein during the Neolithic. Siedlung, Grabenwerk, Großsteingrab. Studien zu Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft und Umwelt der Trichterbechergruppen im nördlichen Mitteleuropa 2012, 159-190. Frühe Monumentalität und soziale Differenzierung 2, Habelt, Bonn. M. Hinz, J. Müller (Eds.).
35. Fraser R., Bogaard A., Heaton T., Charles M., Jones G., Christensen B.T., Halstead P., Merbach I., Poulton P.R., Sparkes D., Styring A.K. Manuring and stable nitrogen isotope ratios in cereals and pulses: towards a new archaeobotanical approach to the inference of land use and dietary practices. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2011, 38:2790-2804.
36. Gillson L., Marchant R. From myopia to clarity: sharpening the focus of ecosystem management through the lens of palaeoecology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2014, 29:317-325.
37. Glørstad H. The Structure and History of the Late Mesolithic Societies in the Oslo Fjord Area 6300-3800 BC 2010, Bricoleur Press, Lindome.
38. Gronenborn D., Strien H.-C., Dietrich S., Sirocko F. "Adaptive cycles" and climate fluctuations - a case study from linear pottery culture in western Central Europe. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:73-83.
39. Grove A.T., Rackham O. The Nature of Mediterranean Europe. An Ecological History 2001, Yale University Press, Yale.
40. Harris D.R. An evolutionary continuum of people-plant interaction. Foraging and Farming: the Evolution of Plant Exploitation 1989, 11-26. Unwin Hyman, London. D.R. Harris, G.C. Hillman (Eds.).
41. Hinz M., Feeser I., Sjögren K.G., Müller J. Demography and the intensity of cultural activities: an evaluation of Funnel Breaker Societies (4200-2800 cal BC). J.Archaeol. Sci. 2012, 39:3331-3340.
42. Horak J., Vodka S., Kout J., Halda J.P., Bogusch P., Pech P. Biodiversity of most dead wood-dependent organisms in thermophilic temperate oak woodlands thrives on diversity of open landscape structures. For. Ecol. Manag. 2014, 315:80-85.
43. Huisman D.J., Raemaekers D.C.M. Systematic cultivation of the Swifterbant wetlands (The Netherlands). Evidence from Neolithic tillage marks (c.4300-4000 cal. BC). J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 49:572-584.
44. Hunt C., Rabbett R.J. Holocene landscape intervention and plant food production strategies in island and mainland Southeast Asia. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:22-33.
45. IPCC Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis 2013, http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/.
46. Jansen D., Nelle O. The Neolithic woodland - Archaeoanthracology of six Funnel Beaker sites in the lowlands of Germany. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:154-163.
47. Jin G., Wang C., Liu Y., Zhang K., Wang Z. 8000-year old rice remains from the north edge of the Shandong Highlands, East China. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:34-42.
48. Jones G. Evaluating the importance of cultivation and collecting in Neolithic Britain. Plants in Neolithic Britain and beyond 2000, 79-84. Oxbow, Oxford. A.S. Fairbairn (Ed.).
49. Jones G., Jones H., Charles M.P., Jones M.K., Colledge S., Leigh F.J., Lister D., Smith L.M.J., Powell W., Brown T. Phylogeographic analysis of barley DNA as evidence for the spread of Neolithic agriculture through Europe. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2012, 39:3230-3238.
50. Jones G., Charles M.P., Jones M.K., Colledge S., Leigh F.J., Lister D.A., Smith L.M.J., Powell W., Brown T.A., Jones H. DNA evidence for multiple introductions of barley into Europe following dispersed domestications in Western Asia. Antiquity 2013, 87:701-713.
51. Jones S.E., Hunt C.O., Barton H., Lentfer C.J., Reimer P.J. Forest disturbance, arboriculture and the adoption of rice in the Kelabit Highlands of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Holocene 2013, 23:1528-1546.
52. Kanstrup M., Holst M.K., Jensen P.M., Thomsen I., Christensen B.T. Searching for long-term trends in prehistoric manuring practice. d15N analyses of charred cereal grains from the 4th to the 1st millennium BC. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:115-125.
53. Kaplan J.O., Krumhardt K.M., Zimmermann N. The prehistoric and preindustrial deforestation of Europe. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2009, 28:3016-3034.
54. Kaplan J.O., Krumhardt K.M., Ellis E.C., Ruddiman W.F., Lemmen C., Goldewijk K.K. Holocene carbon emissions as a result of anthropogenic land cover change. Holocene 2010, 21:775-791.
55. Kirleis W., Fischer E. Neolithic cultivation of tetraploid free threshing wheat in Denmark and northern Germany: implications for crop diversity and societal dynamics of the Funnel Beaker Culture. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2014, 23(Suppl.):S81-S96. 10.1007/s00334-014-0440-8.
56. Kirleis W., Klooß S., Kroll H., Müller J. Crop growing and gathering in the northern German Neolithic: a review supplemented by first new results. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2012, 21:221-242.
57. Krause-Kyora B., Makarewicz C., Evin A., Girdland Flink L., Dobney K., Larson G., Hartz S., Schreiber S., von Carnap-Bornheim C., von Wurmb-Schwark N., Nebel A. Use of domesticated pigs by Mesolithic hunter-gatherers in northwestern Europe. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4:2348. 10.1038/ncomms3348.
58. Kreuz A. Die Vertreibung aus dem Paradies? Archäobiologische Ergebnisse zum Frühneolithikum im westlichen Mitteleuropa. Berichte RGK 2012, 91:23-196.
59. Kreuz A., Marinova E., Schäfer E., Wiethold J. Acomparison of early Neolithic crop and weed assemblages from the Linearbandkeramik and the Bulgarian Neolithic cultures: differences and similarities. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2005, 14:237-258.
60. Larson G., Albarella U., Dobney K., Rowley-Conwy P., Schibler J., Tresset A., Vigne J.-D., Edwards C.J. Ancient DNA, pig domestication, and the spread of the Neolithic into Europe. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2007, 104:15276-15281.
61. Lee E., Renneberg R., Harder M., Krause-Kyora B., Rinne C., Müller J., Nebel A., von Wurmb-Schwark N. Collective burials among agro-pastoral societies in later Neolithic Germany: perspectives from ancient DNA. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:174-180.
62. Lemmen C., Wirtz K.W. On the sensitivity of the simulated Neolithic transition in Europe to climate extremes. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:65-72.
63. Manning K., Downey S.S., Colledge S., Conolly J., Stopp B., Dobney K., Shennan S. The origins and spread of stock-keeping: the role of cultural and environmental influences on early Neolithic animal exploitation in Europe. Antiquity 2013, 87(338):1046-1059.
64. Marchant R., Lane P. Past perspectives for the future: foundations for sustainable development in East Africa. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:12-21.
65. Marinova E. Crop diversity through time: introduction. Plant and People; Choices and Diversity through Time 2014, 61-63. Oxbow Books, Oxford & Philadelphia. A. Chevalier, E. Marinova, L. Peña-Chocarro (Eds.).
66. Mayle F.E., Iriarte J. Integrated palaeoecology and archaeology: a powerful approach for understanding pre-Columbian Amazonia. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:54-64.
67. McClatchie M., Bogaard A., Colledge S., Whitehouse N.J., Schulting R.J., Barratt P., McLaughlin R. Neolithic farming in north-western Europe: archaeobotanical evidence from Ireland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:206-215.
68. McLaughlin T.R., Whitehouse N.J., Schulting R.J., McClatchie M., Barratt P., Bogaard A. Atime and a place for everything: an overview of the settlement and burial record of Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Ireland. J.Anthropol. Archaeol. September 2014, (submitted for publication).
69. McMichael C., Palace M.W., Bush M.B., Braswell R., Hagen S., Neves E., Silman M.R., Tamanha E., Czarnecki C. Predicting pre-Columbian anthropogenic soils in western Amazonia. Proc. R. Soc. B 2014, 281(1777). 10.1098/rspb.2013.2475.
70. Mischka D. Die sozioökonomische Bedeutung von Pflugspuren im Frühneolithikum des nördlichen Mitteleuropas. Landschaft, Besiedlung und Siedlung. Archäologische Studien im nordeuropäischen Kontext 2013, 295-306. Festschrift Willroth, Wachholtz, Neumünster. I. Heske (Ed.).
71. Moffett L., Robinson M.A., Straker V. Cereals, fruit and nuts: charred plant remains from Neolithic sites in England and Wales and the Neolithic economy. British Archaeological Reports International Series 496 1989, 243-261. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford. A. Milles, D. Williams, N. Gardner (Eds.).
72. Montgomery J., Jay M., Keefe M., Gledhill A.R., Cook G.T., Dockrill S.J., Melton N.D. Strategic and sporadic marine consumption at the onset of the Neolithic: increasing temporal resolution in the isotope evidence. Antiquity 2013, 87:1060-1072.
73. Müller J. Ritual cooperation and ritual collectivity: the social structure of the middle and younger Funnel Beaker North Group (3500-2800 BC). Megaliths and Identities. Early Monuments and Neolithic Societies from the Atlantic to the Baltic 2011, 273-284. Habelt, Bonn. M. Furholt, F. Lüth, J. Müller (Eds.).
74. Müller J. Megaliths and Funnel Beakers: Societies in Change, 4100-2700 BC. Kroon-Voordracht 2011, Stichting Nederlands Museum voor Anthropologie en Praehistorie, Amsterdam.
75. Müller J., Bork H.R., Brozio J.P., Demnick D., Diers S., Dibbern H., Dörfler W., Feeser I., Fritsch B., Furholt M., Hage F., Hinz M., Kirleis W., Klooß S., Kroll H., Lorenz M.L.L., Mischka D., Rinne C. Landscapes as social spaces and ritual meaning: some new results on TRB in northern Germany. From Funeral Monuments to Household Pottery. Current Advances in Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB/TBK) Research (Proceedings of the Borger Meetings 2009, The Netherlands) 2013, 51-80. Oxbow Books, Oxford. J.A. Bakker, S.B.C. Bloo, M.K. Dütting (Eds.).
76. Nadel D., Piperno D.R., Holst I., Snir A., Weiss E. New evidence for the processing of wild cereal grains at Ohalo II, a 23000-year-old campsite on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, Israel. Antiquity 2012, 86:990-1003.
77. Nielsen A.B., Odgaard B.V. Quantitative landscape dynamics in Denmark through the last three millennia based on the Landscape Reconstruction Algorithm approach. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2010, 19:375-387.
78. Pelling R., Campbell G. Plant resources. Stonehenge World Heritage Site Synthesis: Prehistoric Landscape, Environment and Economy 2013, 37-60. English Heritage, Fort Cumberland, Portsmouth. M. Canti, G. Campbell, S. Greaney (Eds.).
79. Peña-Chocarro L., Pérez Jordà G., Mateos J.M., Zapata L.M. Neolithic plant usage in the Western Mediterranean region: preliminary results from the AGRIWESTMED project. Ann. Bot. (Roma) 2013, 3:135-141.
80. Rasmussen P. Mid- to late-Holocene land-use change and lake development at Dallund Sø, Denmark: vegetation and land-use history inferred from pollen data. Holocene 2005, 15:1116-1129.
81. Robinson M.A. Further consideration of Neolithic charred cereals, fruits and nuts. Plants in Neolithic Britain and Beyond. (Neolithic Studies Group Seminar Papers 5) 2000, 85-90. Oxbow Books, Oxford. A. Fairbairn (Ed.).
82. Roehrs H., Klooss S., Kirleis W. Evaluating prehistoric finds of Arrhenatherum elatius var. bulbosum in North-western and Central Europe with emphasis on the first Neolithic finds in Northern Germany. J.Archaeol. Anthropol. Sci. 2013, 5:1-15.
83. Rösch M., Kleinmann A., Lechterbeck J., Wick L. Botanical off-site and on-site data as indicators of different land use systems: a discussion with examples from Southwest Germany. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2014, 23(Suppl.):S121-S133.
84. Rowley-Conwy P. How the West was lost: a reconsideration of agricultural origins in Britain, Ireland, and Southern Scandinavia. Curr. Anthropol. 2004, 45:S83-S113.
85. Rowley-Conwy P. The spread of agriculture from Central Europe to the Atlantic. Curr. Anthropol. 2011, 52(Suppl.4):S431-S451.
86. Sadovnik M., Robin V., Nadeau M.J., Bork H.-R., Nelle O. Neolithic human impact on landscapes related to megalithic structures: palaeoecological evidence from the Krähenberg, northern Germany. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:164-173.
87. Salavert A. Plant economy of the first farmers of central Belgium (Linearbandkeramik, 5200-5000 B.C.). Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2011, 20:321-332.
88. Salavert A., Bosquet D., Damblon F. Natural woodland composition and vegetation dynamic during the Linearbandkeramik in north-western Europe (central Belgium, 5200-5000 B.C.). J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:84-93.
89. Saqalli M., Salavert A., Bréhard S., Bendrey R., Vigne J.-D., Tresset A. Revisiting and modelling the woodland farming system of the early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (LBK), 5600-4900 B.C. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 2014, 23(Suppl.):S37-S50.
90. Schaan D.P. Sacred Geographies of Ancient Amazonia; Historical Ecology of Social Complexity 2012, Walnut Creek, California.
91. Schibler J., Jacomet S. Short climatic fluctuations and their impact on human economies and societies: the potential of Neolithic lake shore settlements in the Alpine foreland. Environ. Archaeol. 2010, 15:61-70.
92. Schibler J., Elsner J., Schlumbaum A. Incorporation of aurochs into a cattle herd in Neolithic Europe: single event or breeding?. Nat. Sci. Rep. 2014, 4:5798. 10.1038/srep05798.
93. Schier W. Extensiver Brandfeldbau und die Ausbreitung der neolithischen Wirtschaftsweise in Mitteleuropa und Südskandinavien am Ende des 5. Jahrtausends V. Chr. Prähist. Z. 2009, 84:15-43.
94. Schlichtherle H. Die jungsteinzeitlichen Radfunde vom Federsee und ihre kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung 2002, 9-34. Janus-Verlag, Freiburg i. Br.
95. Schlumbaum A., van Glabeke S., Roldan-Ruiz I. Towards the onset of fruit tree growing north of the Alps: ancient DNA from waterlogged apple (Malus sp.) seed fragments. Ann. Anat. 2011, 194:157-162.
96. Schulting R.J., Richards M.P. The wet, the wild and the domesticated: the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition on the west coast of Scotland. Eur. J. Archaeol. 2002, 5:147-189.
97. Schulting R., Sheridan A., Crozier R., Murphy E. Revisiting Quanterness: new AMS dates and stable isotope data from an Orcadian chamber tomb. Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scotl. 2010, 140:1-50.
98. Seddon A., Mackay A., Baker A., Birks H.J.B., Breman E., Buck C., Ellis E.C., Froyd C.A., Gill J., Gillson L., Johnson E., Jones V., Juggins S., Macia-Fauria M., Mills K., Morris J.L., Nogués-Bravo D., Punyasena S., Roland T., Tanentzap A., Willis K., Aberhan M., van Asperen E.N., Austin W., Battarbee R.W., Bhagwat S., Belanger C.L., Bennett K.D., Birks H.H., Bronk Ramsey C., Brooks S., de Bruyn M., Butler P.G., Chambers F.M., Clarke S., Davies A.L., Dearing J.A., Ezard T.H.G., Feudean A., Flower R.J., Gell P., Hausmann S., Hogan E.J., Hopkins M.J., Jeffers E.S., Korhola A.A., Marchant R., Kiefer T., Lamentowicz M., Larocque-Tobler I., Lopes-Merino L., Hsiang Liow L., McGowan S., Miller J.H., Montoya E., Morton O., Nogué S., Onoufriou C., Park Boush L., Rodriguez-Sanchez F., Rose N.L., Sayer C.D., Shaw H.E., Payne R., Simpson G., Sohar K., Whitehouse N.J., Williams J.W., Witkowski A. Looking forward through the past. Identification of fifty priority research questions in palaeoecology. J.Ecol. 2014, 102:256-267.
99. Shennan S., Conolly J. The Origin and Spread of Neolithic Plant Economies in the Near East and Europe 2007, Available at:, (last accessed 06.12.10.). http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/archive/neoplants_ahrb_2005/index.cfm.
100. Shennan S., Downey S.S., Timpson A., Edinborough K., Colledge S., Kerig T., Manning K., Thomas M.G. Regional population collapse followed initial agriculture booms in mid-Holocene Europe. Nat. Commun. 2013, 4:2486. 10.1038/ncomms3486.
101. Smyth J. The house and group identity in the Irish Neolithic. Proc. R. Ir. Acad. C 2010, 111:1-31.
102. Sørensen L., Karg S. The expansion of agrarian societies towards the North - new evidence for agriculture during the Mesolithic/Neolithic transition in Southern Scandinavia. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:98-114.
103. Spriggs M. Archaeology and the Austronesian expansion: where are we now?. Antiquity 2011, 85:510-525.
104. Stevens J.C., Fuller D.Q. Did Neolithic farming fail? The case for a Bronze Age agricultural revolution in the British Isles. Antiquity 2012, 86:707-722.
105. Sugita S. Theory of quantitative reconstruction of vegetation I: pollen of large sites reveals regional vegetation composition. Holocene 2007, 17:229-241.
106. Summerhayes G.R., Leavesley M., Fairbairn A., Mandui H., Field J., Fullagar R. Human adaptation and plant use in Highland New Guinea 49,000 to 44,000 years ago. Science 2010, 330(6000):78-81.
107. Tallavaara M., Seppä H. Did the mid-Holocene environmental changes cause the boom and bust of hunter-gatherer population size in eastern Fennoscandia?. Holocene 2012, 22:215-225.
108. Thomas J. Understanding the Neolithic 1999, Routledge, London.
109. Thomas J. Current debates on the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland. Doc. Praehist. 2004, 31:113-130.
110. Tresset A., Vigne J.-D. Substitution of species, techniques and symbols at the Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Europe. Proc. Br. Acad. 2007, 144:189-210.
111. Vigne J.-D., Zazzo A., Saliege J.-F., Poplin F., Guilaine J., Simmons A. Pre-Neolithic wild boar management and introduction to Cyprus more than 11,400 years ago. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2009, 106:16135-16138.
112. Weisskopf A., Fuller D., Kingwell-Banham E., Kajale M., Mohante R. Archaeobotanical implications of phytolith assemblages from cultivated rice systems, wild rice stands and macro-regional patterns. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:43-53.
113. Whitehouse N.J., Smith D. How fragmented was the British Holocene wildwood? Perspectives on the "Vera" grazing debate from the fossil beetle record. Quat. Sci. Rev. 2010, 29:539-553.
114. Whitehouse N.J., Schulting R.J., McClatchie M., Barratt P.R., McLaughlin R., Bogaard A., Colledge S., Marchant R., Gaffrey G., Bunting M.J. Neolithic agriculture on the European western frontier: the boom and bust of early farming in Ireland. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:181-205.
115. Gathering Time: Dating the Early Neolithic Enclosures of Southern Britain and Ireland 2011, Oxbow, Oxford. A. Whittle, F. Healy, A. Bayliss (Eds.).
116. Wieckowska-Lüth M., Dörfler W., Kirleis W. Early farming in southern Norway: pollen analytical investigations at Lake Skogtjern, Bamble (Telemark). Vestfoldbanprosjektet. Arkeologiske utgravninger i Porsgrunn kommune, Telemark fylke og Larvik kommune, Vestfold fylke 2014, Aarsrapport, Oslo, (in press). P. Persson (Ed.).
117. Willcox G., Stordeur D. Large-scale cereal processing before domestication during the tenth millennium cal BC in northern Syria. Antiquity 2012, 86:99-114.
118. Willerding U. Zur Geschichte der Unkräuter Mitteleuropas 1986, Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster.
119. Willis K.J., Birks H.J.B. What is natural? The need for a long-term perspective in biodiversity conservation. Science 2006, 314:1261-1265.
120. Woodbridge J., Fyfe R.M., Roberts N. Acomparison of remote-sensed and pollen-based approaches to mapping Europe's land cover. J.Biogeogr. 2014, 51:216-224.
121. 14C date-inferred population change. J.Archaeol. Sci. 2014, 51:216-224.
122. Zvelebil M. The agricultural frontier and the transition to farming in the circum-Baltic region. The Origins and Spread of Agriculture and Pastoralism in Eurasia 1996, 323-345. University College London Press, London. D.R. Harris (Ed.).
123. Zvelebil M. Agricultural frontiers, Neolithic origins, and the transition to farming in the Baltic basin. Sheffield Archaeological Monographs 1998, vol. 10:9-27. Sheffield Academic Press, Sheffield. M. Zvelebil, L. Domanska, R. Dennell (Eds.).
124. Zvelebil M. Looking back at the Neolithic transition in Europe. Eur. J. Archaeol. 2005, 8:183-194.