메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue , 2014, Pages 265-274

Caveolae in ventricular myocytes are required for stretch-dependent conduction slowing

Author keywords

Capacitance; Cardiac mechanoelectric feedback; Caveolae

Indexed keywords

CAVEOLIN 3; ION CHANNEL; METHYL BETA CYCLODEXTRIN; STRECH ACTIVATED CHANNEL; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; CAV3 PROTEIN, MOUSE;

EID: 84908159361     PISSN: 00222828     EISSN: 10958584     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.09.014     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (39)

References (48)
  • 1
    • 84868113649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechano-electric feedback in the heart: effects on heart rate and rhythm
    • Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, O.N. Tripathi, U. Ravens, M.C. Sanguinetti (Eds.)
    • Quinn T.A., Bayliss R.A., Kohl P. Mechano-electric feedback in the heart: effects on heart rate and rhythm. Heart rate and rhythm 2011, 133-151. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. O.N. Tripathi, U. Ravens, M.C. Sanguinetti (Eds.).
    • (2011) Heart rate and rhythm , pp. 133-151
    • Quinn, T.A.1    Bayliss, R.A.2    Kohl, P.3
  • 2
    • 0038163458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventricular filling slows epicardial conduction and increases action potential duration in an optical mapping study of the isolated rabbit heart
    • Sung D., Mills R.W., Schettler J., Narayan S.M., Omens J.H., McCulloch A.D. Ventricular filling slows epicardial conduction and increases action potential duration in an optical mapping study of the isolated rabbit heart. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003, 14(7):739-749.
    • (2003) J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol , vol.14 , Issue.7 , pp. 739-749
    • Sung, D.1    Mills, R.W.2    Schettler, J.3    Narayan, S.M.4    Omens, J.H.5    McCulloch, A.D.6
  • 3
    • 54049104464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of conduction slowing during myocardial stretch by ventricular volume loading in the rabbit
    • Mills R.W., Narayan S.M., McCulloch A.D. Mechanisms of conduction slowing during myocardial stretch by ventricular volume loading in the rabbit. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008, 295(3):H1270-H1278.
    • (2008) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.295 , Issue.3 , pp. H1270-H1278
    • Mills, R.W.1    Narayan, S.M.2    McCulloch, A.D.3
  • 4
    • 46549088095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental and computational studies of strain-conduction velocity relationships in cardiac tissue
    • McNary T.G., Sohn K., Taccardi B., Sachse F.B. Experimental and computational studies of strain-conduction velocity relationships in cardiac tissue. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2008, 97(2-3):383-400.
    • (2008) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.97 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 383-400
    • McNary, T.G.1    Sohn, K.2    Taccardi, B.3    Sachse, F.B.4
  • 5
    • 0038364029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute ventricular volume manipulation on in situ cardiomyocyte cell membrane configuration
    • Kohl P., Cooper P.J., Holloway H. Effects of acute ventricular volume manipulation on in situ cardiomyocyte cell membrane configuration. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2003, 82(1-3):221-227.
    • (2003) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.82 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 221-227
    • Kohl, P.1    Cooper, P.J.2    Holloway, H.3
  • 6
    • 79551677684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cells respond to mechanical stress by rapid disassembly of caveolae
    • Sinha B., Köster D., Ruez R., et al. Cells respond to mechanical stress by rapid disassembly of caveolae. Cell 2011, 144(3):402-413.
    • (2011) Cell , vol.144 , Issue.3 , pp. 402-413
    • Sinha, B.1    Köster, D.2    Ruez, R.3
  • 7
    • 18644382222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of curved plasma membrane vesicles: resting shapes, membrane curvature, and in-plane shear elasticity
    • Kosawada T., Inoue K., Schmid-Schönbein G.W. Mechanics of curved plasma membrane vesicles: resting shapes, membrane curvature, and in-plane shear elasticity. J Biomech Eng 2005, 127(2):229.
    • (2005) J Biomech Eng , vol.127 , Issue.2 , pp. 229
    • Kosawada, T.1    Inoue, K.2    Schmid-Schönbein, G.W.3
  • 8
    • 33645081222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Budded membrane microdomains as regulators for cellular tension
    • Sens P., Turner M.S. Budded membrane microdomains as regulators for cellular tension. Phys Rev E 2006, 73(3):031918.
    • (2006) Phys Rev E , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 031918
    • Sens, P.1    Turner, M.S.2
  • 9
    • 4344701192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of caveolin-3-null mice
    • Oshikawa J., Otsu K., Toya Y., et al. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscles of caveolin-3-null mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2004, 101(34):12670-12675.
    • (2004) Proc Natl Acad Sci , vol.101 , Issue.34 , pp. 12670-12675
    • Oshikawa, J.1    Otsu, K.2    Toya, Y.3
  • 10
    • 37549018559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveolin-3 expression and caveolae are required for isoflurane-induced cardiac protection from hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury
    • Horikawa Y.T., Patel H.H., Tsutsumi Y.M., et al. Caveolin-3 expression and caveolae are required for isoflurane-induced cardiac protection from hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2008, 44(1):123-130.
    • (2008) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 123-130
    • Horikawa, Y.T.1    Patel, H.H.2    Tsutsumi, Y.M.3
  • 12
    • 34347268470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Micropatterned cell cultures on elastic membranes as an in vitro model of myocardium
    • Camelliti P., Gallagher J.O., Kohl P., McCulloch A.D. Micropatterned cell cultures on elastic membranes as an in vitro model of myocardium. Nat Protoc 2006, 1(3):1379-1391.
    • (2006) Nat Protoc , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 1379-1391
    • Camelliti, P.1    Gallagher, J.O.2    Kohl, P.3    McCulloch, A.D.4
  • 13
    • 21044437270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microstructured cocultures of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts: a two-dimensional in vitro model of cardiac tissue
    • Camelliti P., McCulloch A.D., Kohl P. Microstructured cocultures of cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts: a two-dimensional in vitro model of cardiac tissue. Microsc Microanal 2005, 11(3):249-259.
    • (2005) Microsc Microanal , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 249-259
    • Camelliti, P.1    McCulloch, A.D.2    Kohl, P.3
  • 14
    • 46549086503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell cultures as models of cardiac mechanoelectric feedback
    • Zhang Y., Sekar R.B., McCulloch A.D., Tung L. Cell cultures as models of cardiac mechanoelectric feedback. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2008, 97(2-3):367-382.
    • (2008) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.97 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 367-382
    • Zhang, Y.1    Sekar, R.B.2    McCulloch, A.D.3    Tung, L.4
  • 15
    • 50149120635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An improved protocol for primary culture of cardiomyocyte from neonatal mice
    • Sreejit P., Kumar S., Verma R.S. An improved protocol for primary culture of cardiomyocyte from neonatal mice. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008, 44(3-4):45-50.
    • (2008) In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim , vol.44 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 45-50
    • Sreejit, P.1    Kumar, S.2    Verma, R.S.3
  • 16
    • 0027163367 scopus 로고
    • Slow conduction in the infarcted human heart. "Zigzag" course of activation
    • de Bakker J.M.T., van Capelle F.J.L., Janse M.J., et al. Slow conduction in the infarcted human heart. "Zigzag" course of activation. Circulation 1993, 88(3):915-926.
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.88 , Issue.3 , pp. 915-926
    • de Bakker, J.M.T.1    van Capelle, F.J.L.2    Janse, M.J.3
  • 17
    • 33749078309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical imaging of arrhythmias in tissue culture
    • Tung L., Zhang Y. Optical imaging of arrhythmias in tissue culture. J Electrocardiol 2006, 39(4 Suppl.):S2-S6.
    • (2006) J Electrocardiol , vol.39 , Issue.4 , pp. S2-S6
    • Tung, L.1    Zhang, Y.2
  • 18
    • 77958055111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-precision recording of the action potential in isolated cardiomyocytes using the near-infrared fluorescent dye di-4-ANBDQBS
    • Warren M.D., Spitzer K.W., Steadman B.W., et al. High-precision recording of the action potential in isolated cardiomyocytes using the near-infrared fluorescent dye di-4-ANBDQBS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010, 299(4):H1271-H1281.
    • (2010) Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol , vol.299 , Issue.4 , pp. H1271-H1281
    • Warren, M.D.1    Spitzer, K.W.2    Steadman, B.W.3
  • 19
    • 0041743798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in sarcolemmal Ca entry and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in ventricular myocytes from patients with end-stage heart failure following myocardial recovery after combined pharmacological and ventricular assist device therapy
    • Terracciano C.M.N., Harding S.E., Adamson D., et al. Changes in sarcolemmal Ca entry and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content in ventricular myocytes from patients with end-stage heart failure following myocardial recovery after combined pharmacological and ventricular assist device therapy. Eur Heart J 2003, 24(14):1329-1339.
    • (2003) Eur Heart J , vol.24 , Issue.14 , pp. 1329-1339
    • Terracciano, C.M.N.1    Harding, S.E.2    Adamson, D.3
  • 20
    • 24144476557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of input resistance voltage-dependency on DC estimate of membrane capacitance in cardiac myocytes
    • Zaniboni M., Cacciani F., Groppi M. Effect of input resistance voltage-dependency on DC estimate of membrane capacitance in cardiac myocytes. Biophys J 2005, 89(3):2170-2181.
    • (2005) Biophys J , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 2170-2181
    • Zaniboni, M.1    Cacciani, F.2    Groppi, M.3
  • 21
    • 0028016257 scopus 로고
    • Electrophysiological properties of neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes in primary culture
    • Nuss H.B., Marbán E. Electrophysiological properties of neonatal mouse cardiac myocytes in primary culture. J Physiol 1994, 479(2):265-279.
    • (1994) J Physiol , vol.479 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-279
    • Nuss, H.B.1    Marbán, E.2
  • 22
    • 0030695849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of cyclodextrins for manipulating cellular cholesterol content
    • Christian A.E., Haynes M.P., Phillips M.C., George H. Use of cyclodextrins for manipulating cellular cholesterol content. J Lipid Res 1997, 38:2264-2272.
    • (1997) J Lipid Res , vol.38 , pp. 2264-2272
    • Christian, A.E.1    Haynes, M.P.2    Phillips, M.C.3    George, H.4
  • 23
    • 84891483669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical modulation of intracellular ion concentrations: mechanisms and electrical consequences
    • Academia, Moscow, A. Kamkin, I. Kiseleva (Eds.)
    • Calaghan S.C., White E. Mechanical modulation of intracellular ion concentrations: mechanisms and electrical consequences. Mechanosensitivity in cells and tissues 2005, 230-254. Academia, Moscow. A. Kamkin, I. Kiseleva (Eds.).
    • (2005) Mechanosensitivity in cells and tissues , pp. 230-254
    • Calaghan, S.C.1    White, E.2
  • 24
    • 79958802423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Electromechanical coupling in the cardiac myocyte; stretch-arrhythmia feedback
    • ter Keurs H.E.D.J. Electromechanical coupling in the cardiac myocyte; stretch-arrhythmia feedback. Arch Eur J Physiol 2011, 462(1):165-175.
    • (2011) Arch Eur J Physiol , vol.462 , Issue.1 , pp. 165-175
    • ter Keurs, H.E.D.J.1
  • 25
    • 0016754249 scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of the folds and caveolae to the surface membrane of frog skeletal muscle fibres at different sarcomere lengths
    • Dulhunty A.F., Franzini-Armstrong C. The relative contributions of the folds and caveolae to the surface membrane of frog skeletal muscle fibres at different sarcomere lengths. J Physiol 1975, 250:513-539.
    • (1975) J Physiol , vol.250 , pp. 513-539
    • Dulhunty, A.F.1    Franzini-Armstrong, C.2
  • 26
    • 84884544227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of myocardial conduction velocity: implications for arrhythmogenesis
    • [Published online]
    • King J.H., Huang C.L.-H., Fraser J.A. Determinants of myocardial conduction velocity: implications for arrhythmogenesis. Front Physiol Jun 28 2013, 4:154. [Published online]. 10.3389/fphys.2013.00154.
    • (2013) Front Physiol , vol.4 , pp. 154
    • King, J.H.1    Huang, C.L.-H.2    Fraser, J.A.3
  • 27
    • 78650868377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Models of cardiac tissue electrophysiology: progress, challenges and open questions
    • Clayton R.H., Bernus O., Cherry E.M., et al. Models of cardiac tissue electrophysiology: progress, challenges and open questions. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2011, 104(1-3):22-48.
    • (2011) Prog Biophys Mol Biol , vol.104 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 22-48
    • Clayton, R.H.1    Bernus, O.2    Cherry, E.M.3
  • 29
    • 0035863013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell surface area regulation and membrane tension
    • Morris C., Homann U. Cell surface area regulation and membrane tension. J Membr Biol 2001, 179:79-102.
    • (2001) J Membr Biol , vol.179 , pp. 79-102
    • Morris, C.1    Homann, U.2
  • 30
    • 81355161222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveolae respond to cell stretch and contribute to stretch-induced signaling
    • Gervásio O.L., Phillips W.D., Cole L., Allen D.G. Caveolae respond to cell stretch and contribute to stretch-induced signaling. J Cell Sci 2011, 124(21):3581-3589.
    • (2011) J Cell Sci , vol.124 , Issue.21 , pp. 3581-3589
    • Gervásio, O.L.1    Phillips, W.D.2    Cole, L.3    Allen, D.G.4
  • 31
    • 77949528042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveolae act as membrane reserves which limit mechanosensitive I(Cl, swell) channel activation during swelling in the rat ventricular myocyte
    • Kozera L., White E., Calaghan S.C. Caveolae act as membrane reserves which limit mechanosensitive I(Cl, swell) channel activation during swelling in the rat ventricular myocyte. PLoS One 2009, 4(12):e8312.
    • (2009) PLoS One , vol.4 , Issue.12 , pp. e8312
    • Kozera, L.1    White, E.2    Calaghan, S.C.3
  • 32
    • 84885354730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shear stress triggers insertion of voltage-gated potassium channels from intracellular compartments in atrial myocytes
    • Boycott H.E., Barbier C.S.M., Eichel C.A., et al. Shear stress triggers insertion of voltage-gated potassium channels from intracellular compartments in atrial myocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2013, 1-10.
    • (2013) Proc Natl Acad Sci , pp. 1-10
    • Boycott, H.E.1    Barbier, C.S.M.2    Eichel, C.A.3
  • 33
    • 84883370305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveolae regulation of mechanosensitive channel function in myotubes
    • Huang H., Bae C., Sachs F., Suchyna T.M. Caveolae regulation of mechanosensitive channel function in myotubes. PLoS One 2013, 8(8):e72894.
    • (2013) PLoS One , vol.8 , Issue.8 , pp. e72894
    • Huang, H.1    Bae, C.2    Sachs, F.3    Suchyna, T.M.4
  • 34
    • 79957514836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanical coupling between myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes slows electric conduction in fibrotic cell monolayers
    • Thompson S.A., Copeland C.R., Reich D.H., Tung L. Mechanical coupling between myofibroblasts and cardiomyocytes slows electric conduction in fibrotic cell monolayers. Circulation 2011, 123(19):2083-2093.
    • (2011) Circulation , vol.123 , Issue.19 , pp. 2083-2093
    • Thompson, S.A.1    Copeland, C.R.2    Reich, D.H.3    Tung, L.4
  • 35
    • 84894238647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute slowing of cardiac conduction in response to myofibroblast coupling to cardiomyocytes through N-cadherin
    • Thompson S.A., Blazeski A., Copeland C.R., et al. Acute slowing of cardiac conduction in response to myofibroblast coupling to cardiomyocytes through N-cadherin. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2014, 68:29-37.
    • (2014) J Mol Cell Cardiol , vol.68 , pp. 29-37
    • Thompson, S.A.1    Blazeski, A.2    Copeland, C.R.3
  • 36
    • 0028211303 scopus 로고
    • The stretch-activated ion channel blocker gadolinium also blocks L-type calcium channels in isolated ventricular myocytes of the guinea-pig
    • Lacampagne A., Gannier F., Argibay J., Garnier D., Le Guennec J.-Y. The stretch-activated ion channel blocker gadolinium also blocks L-type calcium channels in isolated ventricular myocytes of the guinea-pig. Biochim Biophys Acta 1994, 1191:205-208.
    • (1994) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1191 , pp. 205-208
    • Lacampagne, A.1    Gannier, F.2    Argibay, J.3    Garnier, D.4    Le Guennec, J.-Y.5
  • 37
    • 0030755750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gadolinium blocks the delayed rectifier potassium current in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes
    • Hongo K., Pascarel C., Cazorla O., Gannier F., Le Guennec J.Y., White E. Gadolinium blocks the delayed rectifier potassium current in isolated guinea-pig ventricular myocytes. Exp Physiol 1997, 82(4):647-656.
    • (1997) Exp Physiol , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 647-656
    • Hongo, K.1    Pascarel, C.2    Cazorla, O.3    Gannier, F.4    Le Guennec, J.Y.5    White, E.6
  • 38
    • 29144505268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Getting rid of caveolins: phenotypes of caveolin-deficient animals
    • Le Lay S., Kurzchalia T.V. Getting rid of caveolins: phenotypes of caveolin-deficient animals. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005, 1746(3):322-333.
    • (2005) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1746 , Issue.3 , pp. 322-333
    • Le Lay, S.1    Kurzchalia, T.V.2
  • 39
    • 84863880791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T-tubule biogenesis and triad formation in skeletal muscle and implication in human diseases
    • Al-Qusairi L., Laporte J. T-tubule biogenesis and triad formation in skeletal muscle and implication in human diseases. Skelet Muscle 2011, 1:26.
    • (2011) Skelet Muscle , vol.1 , pp. 26
    • Al-Qusairi, L.1    Laporte, J.2
  • 40
    • 84878970264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caveolin and caveolae in age associated cardiovascular disease
    • Fridolfsson H.N., Patel H.H. Caveolin and caveolae in age associated cardiovascular disease. J Geriatr Cardiol 2013, 10:66-74.
    • (2013) J Geriatr Cardiol , vol.10 , pp. 66-74
    • Fridolfsson, H.N.1    Patel, H.H.2
  • 41
    • 77951693552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of caveolin-3 and glucose transporter-4 in isoflurane-induced delayed cardiac protection
    • Tsutsumi Y.M., Kawaraguchi Y., Horikawa Y.T., et al. Role of caveolin-3 and glucose transporter-4 in isoflurane-induced delayed cardiac protection. Anesthesiology 2010, 112(5):1136-1145.
    • (2010) Anesthesiology , vol.112 , Issue.5 , pp. 1136-1145
    • Tsutsumi, Y.M.1    Kawaraguchi, Y.2    Horikawa, Y.T.3
  • 42
    • 53049087200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kv11.1 (ERG1) K+ channels localize in cholesterol and sphingolipid enriched membranes and are modulated by membrane cholesterol
    • Balijepalli R.C., Delisle B.P., Foell J.D., Slind J.K., Kamp T.J., January C.T. Kv11.1 (ERG1) K+ channels localize in cholesterol and sphingolipid enriched membranes and are modulated by membrane cholesterol. Channels 2007, 1(4):263-272.
    • (2007) Channels , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 263-272
    • Balijepalli, R.C.1    Delisle, B.P.2    Foell, J.D.3    Slind, J.K.4    Kamp, T.J.5    January, C.T.6
  • 43
    • 33751016041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutant caveolin-3 induces persistent late sodium current and is associated with long-QT syndrome
    • Vatta M., Ackerman M.J., Ye B., et al. Mutant caveolin-3 induces persistent late sodium current and is associated with long-QT syndrome. Circulation 2006, 114(20):2104-2112.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.114 , Issue.20 , pp. 2104-2112
    • Vatta, M.1    Ackerman, M.J.2    Ye, B.3
  • 44
    • 0034969390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do sterols reduce proton and sodium leaks through lipid bilayers?
    • Haines T.H. Do sterols reduce proton and sodium leaks through lipid bilayers?. Prog Lipid Res 2001, 40(4):299-324.
    • (2001) Prog Lipid Res , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 299-324
    • Haines, T.H.1
  • 45
    • 0014483984 scopus 로고
    • Capacitance of the surface and transverse tubular membrane of frog sartorius muscle fibers
    • Gage P., Eisenberg R. Capacitance of the surface and transverse tubular membrane of frog sartorius muscle fibers. J Gen Physiol 1969, 53(3):265-278.
    • (1969) J Gen Physiol , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-278
    • Gage, P.1    Eisenberg, R.2
  • 46
    • 0013871103 scopus 로고
    • Membrane capacity of the cardiac Purkinje fibre
    • Fozzard H. Membrane capacity of the cardiac Purkinje fibre. J Physiol 1966, 182:255-267.
    • (1966) J Physiol , vol.182 , pp. 255-267
    • Fozzard, H.1
  • 48
    • 1642325535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-density lipoprotein receptor-its structure, function, and mutations
    • Defesche J.C. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-its structure, function, and mutations. Semin Vasc Med 2004, 4(1):5-11.
    • (2004) Semin Vasc Med , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-11
    • Defesche, J.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.