메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 281, Issue 1794, 2014, Pages

The evolutionary interplay of intergroup conflict and altruism in humans: A review of parochial altruism theory and prospects for its extension

Author keywords

Altruism; Coevolution; Cooperation; Intergroup conflict; Parochialism; Warfare

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ALTRUISM; COEVOLUTION; COOPERATIVE BEHAVIOR; RELATEDNESS;

EID: 84908124110     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712954     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1539     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (127)

References (76)
  • 1
    • 35548930341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The coevolution of parochial altruism and war
    • Choi J-K, Bowles S. 2007 The coevolution of parochial altruism and war. Science 318, 636-640. (doi:10.1126/science.1144237)
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 636-640
    • Choi, J.-K.1    Bowles, S.2
  • 3
    • 33845417750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group competition, reproductive leveling, and the evolution of human altruism
    • Bowles S. 2006 Group competition, reproductive leveling, and the evolution of human altruism. Science 314, 1569-1572. (doi:10.1126/science. 1134829)
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1569-1572
    • Bowles, S.1
  • 4
    • 66749147927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Did warfare among ancestral hunter-gatherers affect the evolution of human social behaviors?
    • Bowles S. 2009 Did warfare among ancestral hunter-gatherers affect the evolution of human social behaviors? Science 324, 1293-1298. (doi:10. 1126/science.1168112)
    • (2009) Science , vol.324 , pp. 1293-1298
    • Bowles, S.1
  • 5
    • 79957890307 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of parochial altruism by multilevel selection
    • García J, van den Bergh JC. 2011 Evolution of parochial altruism by multilevel selection. Evol. Hum. Behav. 32, 277-287. (doi:10.1016/j. evolhumbehav.2010.07.007)
    • (2011) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.32 , pp. 277-287
    • García, J.1    van den Bergh, J.C.2
  • 7
    • 34547909929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary explanations for cooperation
    • West SA, Griffin AS, Gardner A. 2007 Evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Curr. Biol. 17, R661-R672. (doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.004)
    • (2007) Curr. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. R661-R672
    • West, S.A.1    Griffin, A.S.2    Gardner, A.3
  • 8
    • 33847019914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social semantics: Altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection
    • West SA, Griffin AS, Gardner A. 2007 Social semantics: altruism, cooperation, mutualism, strong reciprocity and group selection. J. Evol. Biol. 20, 415-432. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2006.01258.x)
    • (2007) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 415-432
    • West, S.A.1    Griffin, A.S.2    Gardner, A.3
  • 9
    • 0013770258 scopus 로고
    • The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I&II
    • Hamilton WD. 1964 The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I&II. J. Theor. Biol. 7, 1-52. (doi:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4)
    • (1964) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.7 , pp. 1-52
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 10
    • 3242683147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spite and the scale of competition
    • Gardner A, West SA. 2004 Spite and the scale of competition. J. Evol. Biol. 17, 1195-1203. (doi:10. 1111/j.1420-9101.2004.00775.x)
    • (2004) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 1195-1203
    • Gardner, A.1    West, S.A.2
  • 11
    • 77957261547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation for direct fitness benefits
    • Leimar O, Hammerstein P. 2010 Cooperation for direct fitness benefits. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 365, 2619-2626. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0116)
    • (2010) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.365 , pp. 2619-2626
    • Leimar, O.1    Hammerstein, P.2
  • 12
    • 84897131506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusive fitness: 50 years on
    • Gardner A, West SA. 2014 Inclusive fitness: 50 years on. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369, 20130356. (doi:10. 1098/rstb.2013.0356)
    • (2014) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.369 , pp. 20130356
    • Gardner, A.1    West, S.A.2
  • 13
    • 84860828272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionarily stable ingroup favoritism and out-group spite in intergroup conflict
    • Konrad KA, Morath F. 2012 Evolutionarily stable ingroup favoritism and out-group spite in intergroup conflict. J. Theor. Biol. 306, 61-67. (doi:10.1016/j. jtbi.2012.04.013)
    • (2012) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.306 , pp. 61-67
    • Konrad, K.A.1    Morath, F.2
  • 15
    • 0036759143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individualist and multi-level perspectives on selection in structured populations
    • Kerr B, Godfrey-Smith P. 2002 Individualist and multi-level perspectives on selection in structured populations. Biol. Phil. 17, 477-517. (doi:10.1023/ A:1020504900646)
    • (2002) Biol. Phil. , vol.17 , pp. 477-517
    • Kerr, B.1    Godfrey-Smith, P.2
  • 16
    • 34249857022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group selection and kin selection: Two concepts but one process
    • Lehmann L, Keller L, West SA, Roze D. 2007 Group selection and kin selection: two concepts but one process. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 104, 6736-6739. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0700662104)
    • (2007) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 6736-6739
    • Lehmann, L.1    Keller, L.2    West, S.A.3    Roze, D.4
  • 17
    • 84857921725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Group selection and inclusive fitness are not equivalent; the Price equation vs. models and statistics
    • van Veelen M, García J, Sabelis MW, Egas M. 2012 Group selection and inclusive fitness are not equivalent; the Price equation vs. models and statistics. J. Theor. Biol. 299, 64-80. (doi:10.1016/j. jtbi.2011.07.025)
    • (2012) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.299 , pp. 64-80
    • van Veelen, M.1    García, J.2    Sabelis, M.W.3    Egas, M.4
  • 19
    • 84897127267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary dynamics of n-player games played by relatives
    • Ohtsuki H. 2014 Evolutionary dynamics of n-player games played by relatives. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369, 20130359. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0359)
    • (2014) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.369 , pp. 20130359
    • Ohtsuki, H.1
  • 20
    • 72449156199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The group selection controversy
    • Leigh EJJ. 2010 The group selection controversy. J. Evol. Biol. 23, 6-19. (doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101. 2009.01876.x)
    • (2010) J. Evol. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 6-19
    • Leigh, E.J.J.1
  • 21
    • 84897082666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A solution to the collective action problem in between-group conflict with within-group inequality
    • Gavrilets S, Fortunato L. 2014 A solution to the collective action problem in between-group conflict with within-group inequality. Nat. Commun. 5, 3526. (doi:10.1038/ncomms4526)
    • (2014) Nat. Commun. , vol.5 , pp. 3526
    • Gavrilets, S.1    Fortunato, L.2
  • 22
    • 57349097203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • War and the evolution of belligerence and bravery
    • Lehmann L, Feldman MW. 2008 War and the evolution of belligerence and bravery. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2877-2885. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0842)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 2877-2885
    • Lehmann, L.1    Feldman, M.W.2
  • 23
    • 84859440849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup aggression in chimpanzees and war in nomadic hunter-gatherers
    • Wrangham RW, Glowacki L. 2012 Intergroup aggression in chimpanzees and war in nomadic hunter-gatherers. Hum. Nat. 23, 5-29. (doi:10. 1007/s12110-012-9132-1)
    • (2012) Hum. Nat. , vol.23 , pp. 5-29
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Glowacki, L.2
  • 24
    • 27344446175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of lethal intergroup violence
    • Kelly RC. 2005 The evolution of lethal intergroup violence. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 15 294- 15 298. (doi:10.1073/pnas.0505955102)
    • (2005) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.102 , pp. 15294-15298
    • Kelly, R.C.1
  • 25
    • 84886731780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetries in altruistic behavior during violent intergroup conflict
    • Rusch H. 2013 Asymmetries in altruistic behavior during violent intergroup conflict. Evol. Psychol. 11, 973-993.
    • (2013) Evol. Psychol. , vol.11 , pp. 973-993
    • Rusch, H.1
  • 26
    • 85027938293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The two sides of warfare
    • Rusch H. 2014 The two sides of warfare. Hum. Nat. 25, 359-377. (doi:10.1007/s12110-014-9199-y)
    • (2014) Hum. Nat. , vol.25 , pp. 359-377
    • Rusch, H.1
  • 27
    • 82855179423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in cooperation: A meta-analytic review of social dilemmas
    • Balliet D, Li NP, Macfarlan SJ, van Vugt M. 2011 Sex differences in cooperation: a meta-analytic review of social dilemmas. Psychol. Bull. 137, 881-909. (doi:10.1037/a0025354)
    • (2011) Psychol. Bull. , vol.137 , pp. 881-909
    • Balliet, D.1    Li, N.P.2    McFarlan, S.J.3    van Vugt, M.4
  • 28
    • 57349093780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration and outcome of intergroup conflict influences intragroup affiliative behaviour
    • Radford AN. 2008 Duration and outcome of intergroup conflict influences intragroup affiliative behaviour. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 2787-2791. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2008.0787)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 2787-2791
    • Radford, A.N.1
  • 29
    • 78649578636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparing for battle? Potential intergroup conflict promotes current intragroup affiliation
    • Radford AN. 2011 Preparing for battle? Potential intergroup conflict promotes current intragroup affiliation. Biol. Lett. 7, 26-29. (doi:10.1098/rsbl. 2010.0507)
    • (2011) Biol. Lett. , vol.7 , pp. 26-29
    • Radford, A.N.1
  • 30
    • 80053201761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fight tactics in wood ants: Individuals in smaller groups fight harder but die faster
    • Batchelor TP, Briffa M. 2011 Fight tactics in wood ants: individuals in smaller groups fight harder but die faster. Proc. R. Soc. B 278, 3243-3250. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2011.0062)
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 3243-3250
    • Batchelor, T.P.1    Briffa, M.2
  • 31
    • 84865379572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual contributions to territory defence in a cooperative breeder: Weighing up the benefits and costs
    • Mares R, Young AJ, Clutton-Brock TH. 2012 Individual contributions to territory defence in a cooperative breeder: weighing up the benefits and costs. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 3989-3995. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2012.1071)
    • (2012) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.279 , pp. 3989-3995
    • Mares, R.1    Young, A.J.2    Clutton-Brock, T.H.3
  • 32
    • 36048974222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors affecting individual participation in group-level aggression among non-human primates
    • Kitchen D, Beehner J. 2007 Factors affecting individual participation in group-level aggression among non-human primates. Behaviour 144, 1551-1581. (doi:10.1163/156853907782512074)
    • (2007) Behaviour , vol.144 , pp. 1551-1581
    • Kitchen, D.1    Beehner, J.2
  • 33
    • 53149135487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chimpanzees and the mathematics of battle
    • Wilson ML, Britton NF, Franks NR. 2002 Chimpanzees and the mathematics of battle. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 269, 1107-1112. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2001.1926)
    • (2002) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.269 , pp. 1107-1112
    • Wilson, M.L.1    Britton, N.F.2    Franks, N.R.3
  • 34
    • 33750566963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical assessment affects aggression and competitive ability: A teamfighting strategy for the ant Formica xerophila
    • Tanner CJ. 2006 Numerical assessment affects aggression and competitive ability: a teamfighting strategy for the ant Formica xerophila. Proc. R. Soc. B 273, 2737-2742. (doi:10.1098/ rspb.2006.3626)
    • (2006) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.273 , pp. 2737-2742
    • Tanner, C.J.1
  • 35
    • 84875307145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The collective action problem in primate territory economics
    • Willems EP, Hellriegel B, van Schaik CP. 2013 The collective action problem in primate territory economics. Proc. R. Soc. B 280, 20130081. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2013.0081)
    • (2013) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.280 , pp. 20130081
    • Willems, E.P.1    Hellriegel, B.2    van Schaik, C.P.3
  • 36
    • 84885480883 scopus 로고
    • Myths about hunter-gatherers
    • Ember CR. 1978 Myths about hunter-gatherers. Ethnology 17, 439-448. (doi:10.2307/3773193)
    • (1978) Ethnology , vol.17 , pp. 439-448
    • Ember, C.R.1
  • 37
    • 84855996729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cheating monkeys undermine group strength in enemy territory
    • Crofoot MC, Gilby IC. 2012 Cheating monkeys undermine group strength in enemy territory. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 109, 501-505. (doi:10.1073/ pnas.1115937109)
    • (2012) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , vol.109 , pp. 501-505
    • Crofoot, M.C.1    Gilby, I.C.2
  • 38
    • 31144464829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative rates of violence in chimpanzees and humans
    • Wrangham RW, Wilson ML, Muller MN. 2006 Comparative rates of violence in chimpanzees and humans. Primates 47, 14-26. (doi:10.1007/s10329- 005-0140-1)
    • (2006) Primates , vol.47 , pp. 14-26
    • Wrangham, R.W.1    Wilson, M.L.2    Muller, M.N.3
  • 39
  • 40
    • 84965401316 scopus 로고
    • Resource unpredictability, mistrust, and war: A cross-cultural study
    • Ember CR, Ember M. 1992 Resource unpredictability, mistrust, and war: a cross-cultural study. J. Confl. Resolut. 36, 242-262. (doi:10.1177/00220027 92036002002)
    • (1992) J. Confl. Resolut. , vol.36 , pp. 242-262
    • Ember, C.R.1    Ember, M.2
  • 41
    • 84861216827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ancestral hierarchy and conflict
    • Boehm C. 2012 Ancestral hierarchy and conflict. Science 336, 844-847. (doi:10.1126/science. 1219961)
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 844-847
    • Boehm, C.1
  • 42
    • 84880407188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lethal aggression in mobile forager bands and implications for the origins of war
    • Fry DP, Söderberg P. 2013 Lethal aggression in mobile forager bands and implications for the origins of war. Science 341, 270-273. (doi:10. 1126/science.1235675)
    • (2013) Science , vol.341 , pp. 270-273
    • Fry, D.P.1    Söderberg, P.2
  • 43
    • 39049156516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (Evolutionary) theories of warfare in preindustrial (foraging) societies
    • van der Dennen JM, Johan MG. 2002 (Evolutionary) theories of warfare in preindustrial (foraging) societies. Endocrinol. Lett. 23, 55-65.
    • (2002) Endocrinol. Lett. , vol.23 , pp. 55-65
    • van der Dennen, J.M.1    Johan, M.G.2
  • 46
    • 84861209264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life without war
    • Fry DP. 2012 Life without war. Science 336, 879-884. (doi:10.1126/science.1217987)
    • (2012) Science , vol.336 , pp. 879-884
    • Fry, D.P.1
  • 47
    • 84886784270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of rewards in motivating participation in simple warfare
    • Glowacki L, Wrangham RW. 2013 The role of rewards in motivating participation in simple warfare. Hum. Nat. 24, 444-460. (doi:10.1007/ s12110-013-9178-8)
    • (2013) Hum. Nat. , vol.24 , pp. 444-460
    • Glowacki, L.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 48
    • 14544275521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meat sharing for coalitional support
    • Patton JQ. 2005 Meat sharing for coalitional support. Evol. Hum. Behav. 26, 137-157. (doi:10. 1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.08.008)
    • (2005) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.26 , pp. 137-157
    • Patton, J.Q.1
  • 49
    • 84871728831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body counts in lowland South American violence
    • Walker RS, Bailey DH. 2013 Body counts in lowland South American violence. Evol. Hum. Behav. 34, 29-34. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2012.08.003)
    • (2013) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.34 , pp. 29-34
    • Walker, R.S.1    Bailey, D.H.2
  • 50
    • 33751529547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raiding for women in the pre-Hispanic northern pueblo southwest?
    • Kohler TA, Kramer Turner K. 2006 Raiding for women in the pre-Hispanic northern pueblo southwest? Curr. Anthropol. 47, 1035-1045. (doi:10.1086/508697)
    • (2006) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.47 , pp. 1035-1045
    • Kohler, T.A.1    Kramer Turner, K.2
  • 51
    • 0023824104 scopus 로고
    • Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population
    • Chagnon NA. 1988 Life histories, blood revenge, and warfare in a tribal population. Science 239, 985-992. (doi:10.1126/science.239.4843.985)
    • (1988) Science , vol.239 , pp. 985-992
    • Chagnon, N.A.1
  • 53
    • 84965760538 scopus 로고
    • Why there are so few women warriors
    • Adams DB. 1983 Why there are so few women warriors. Cross-Cult. Res. 18, 196-212. (doi:10. 1177/106939718301800302)
    • (1983) Cross-Cult. Res. , vol.18 , pp. 196-212
    • Adams, D.B.1
  • 54
    • 84935677308 scopus 로고
    • Intergroup aggression in chimpanzees and humans
    • Manson JH, Wrangham RW. 1991 Intergroup aggression in chimpanzees and humans. Curr. Anthropol. 32, 369-390. (doi:10.1086/203974)
    • (1991) Curr. Anthropol. , vol.32 , pp. 369-390
    • Manson, J.H.1    Wrangham, R.W.2
  • 55
    • 77951937842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Male traits associated with attractiveness in Conambo, Ecuador
    • Escasa M, Gray PB, Patton JQ. 2010 Male traits associated with attractiveness in Conambo, Ecuador. Evol. Hum. Behav. 31, 193-200. (doi:10.1016/j. evolhumbehav.2009.09.008)
    • (2010) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 193-200
    • Escasa, M.1    Gray, P.B.2    Patton, J.Q.3
  • 56
    • 79959226142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige
    • von Rueden C, Gurven M, Kaplan H. 2011 Why do men seek status? Fitness payoffs to dominance and prestige. Proc. R. Soc. B 278, 2223-2232. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2010.2145)
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 2223-2232
    • von Rueden, C.1    Gurven, M.2    Kaplan, H.3
  • 57
    • 84898911887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of the motivation that underlies in-group bias
    • Buttelmann D, Böhm R. 2014 The ontogeny of the motivation that underlies in-group bias. Psychol. Sci. 25, 921-927. (doi:10.1177/0956797613516802)
    • (2014) Psychol. Sci. , vol.25 , pp. 921-927
    • Buttelmann, D.1    Böhm, R.2
  • 58
    • 76849109308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism
    • Mifune N, Hashimoto H, Yamagishi T. 2010 Altruism toward in-group members as a reputation mechanism. Evol. Hum. Behav. 31, 109-117. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.09.004)
    • (2010) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.31 , pp. 109-117
    • Mifune, N.1    Hashimoto, H.2    Yamagishi, T.3
  • 59
    • 67349087754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social exchange and solidarity: In-group love or out-group hate?
    • Yamagishi T, Mifune N. 2009 Social exchange and solidarity: in-group love or out-group hate? Evol. Hum. Behav. 30, 229-237. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhum behav.2009.02.004)
    • (2009) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 229-237
    • Yamagishi, T.1    Mifune, N.2
  • 60
    • 23744457896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • False friends are worse than bitter enemies
    • Shinada M, Yamagishi T, Ohmura Y. 2004 False friends are worse than bitter enemies. Evol. Hum. Behav. 25, 379-393. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav. 2004.08.001)
    • (2004) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.25 , pp. 379-393
    • Shinada, M.1    Yamagishi, T.2    Ohmura, Y.3
  • 61
    • 33747838775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parochial altruism in humans
    • Bernhard H, Fischbacher U, Fehr E. 2006 Parochial altruism in humans. Nature 442, 912-915. (doi:10. 1038/nature04981)
    • (2006) Nature , vol.442 , pp. 912-915
    • Bernhard, H.1    Fischbacher, U.2    Fehr, E.3
  • 62
    • 0037279780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intergroup conflict: Individual, group, and collective interests
    • Bornstein G. 2003 Intergroup conflict: individual, group, and collective interests. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 7, 129-145. (doi:10.1207/S15327957PS PR0702_129-145)
    • (2003) Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 129-145
    • Bornstein, G.1
  • 63
    • 82955240697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict, sticks and carrots: War increases prosocial punishments and rewards
    • Gneezy A, Fessler DMT. 2011 Conflict, sticks and carrots: war increases prosocial punishments and rewards. Proc. R. Soc. B 279, 219-223. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2011.0805)
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.279 , pp. 219-223
    • Gneezy, A.1    Fessler, D.M.T.2
  • 64
    • 80053932373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Costly punishment prevails in intergroup conflict
    • Sääksvuori L, Mappes T, Puurtinen M. 2011 Costly punishment prevails in intergroup conflict. Proc. R. Soc. B 278, 3428-3436. (doi:10.1098/rspb. 2011.0252)
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 3428-3436
    • Sääksvuori, L.1    Mappes, T.2    Puurtinen, M.3
  • 65
    • 64449087853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Collective action in culturally similar and dissimilar groups: An experiment on parochialism, conditional cooperation, and their linkages
    • Koopmans R, Rebers S. 2009 Collective action in culturally similar and dissimilar groups: an experiment on parochialism, conditional cooperation, and their linkages. Evol. Hum. Behav. 30, 201-211. (doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009. 01.003)
    • (2009) Evol. Hum. Behav. , vol.30 , pp. 201-211
    • Koopmans, R.1    Rebers, S.2
  • 66
    • 84863303928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruistic punishment and between-group competition
    • Rebers S, Koopmans R. 2012 Altruistic punishment and between-group competition. Hum. Nat. 23, 173-190. (doi:10.1007/s12110-012-9136-x)
    • (2012) Hum. Nat. , vol.23 , pp. 173-190
    • Rebers, S.1    Koopmans, R.2
  • 67
    • 41849089756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-group love and 'out-group hate' as motives for individual participation in intergroup conflict
    • Halevy N, Bornstein G, Sagiv L. 2008 'In-group love' and 'out-group hate' as motives for individual participation in intergroup conflict. Psychol. Sci. 19, 405-411. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02100.x)
    • (2008) Psychol. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 405-411
    • Halevy, N.1    Bornstein, G.2    Sagiv, L.3
  • 68
    • 84858705635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-group love and 'out-group hate' in repeated interaction between groups
    • Halevy N, Weisel O, Bornstein G. 2012 'In-group love' and 'out-group hate' in repeated interaction between groups. J. Behav. Decis. Making 25, 188-195. (doi:10.1002/bdm.726)
    • (2012) J. Behav. Decis. Making , vol.25 , pp. 188-195
    • Halevy, N.1    Weisel, O.2    Bornstein, G.3
  • 69
    • 84891538216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooperation during cultural group formation promotes trust towards members of out-groups
    • Pan XS, Houser D. 2013 Cooperation during cultural group formation promotes trust towards members of out-groups. Proc. R. Soc. B 280, 20130606. (doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.0606)
    • (2013) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.280 , pp. 20130606
    • Pan, X.S.1    Houser, D.2
  • 70
    • 84862747774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Communication in intergroup conflicts
    • Leibbrandt A, Sääksvuori L. 2012 Communication in intergroup conflicts. Eur. Econ. Rev. 56, 1136-1147. (doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2012.05.003)
    • (2012) Eur. Econ. Rev. , vol.56 , pp. 1136-1147
    • Leibbrandt, A.1    Sääksvuori, L.2
  • 71
    • 33947269265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in cooperation and competition
    • van Vugt M, de Cremer D, Janssen DP. 2007 Gender differences in cooperation and competition. Psychol. Sci. 18, 19-23. (doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007. 01842.x)
    • (2007) Psychol. Sci. , vol.18 , pp. 19-23
    • van Vugt, M.1    de Cremer, D.2    Janssen, D.P.3
  • 72
    • 84856028116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution and the psychology of intergroup conflict
    • McDonald MM, Navarrete CD, van Vugt M. 2012 Evolution and the psychology of intergroup conflict. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 367, 670-679. (doi:10.1098/ rstb.2011.0301)
    • (2012) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B , vol.367 , pp. 670-679
    • McDonald, M.M.1    Navarrete, C.D.2    van Vugt, M.3
  • 73
    • 79953749751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition for trophies triggers male generosity
    • Pan XS, Houser D, Rankin D. 2011 Competition for trophies triggers male generosity. PLoS ONE 6, e18050. (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018050)
    • (2011) PLoS ONE , vol.6
    • Pan, X.S.1    Houser, D.2    Rankin, D.3
  • 74
    • 0034194930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The group as the container of generalized reciprocity
    • Yamagishi T, Kiyonari T. 2000 The group as the container of generalized reciprocity. Soc. Psychol. Q. 63, 116-132. (doi:10.2307/2695887)
    • (2000) Soc. Psychol. Q. , vol.63 , pp. 116-132
    • Yamagishi, T.1    Kiyonari, T.2
  • 75
    • 36448952696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of direct and indirect reciprocity
    • Roberts G. 2008 Evolution of direct and indirect reciprocity. Proc. R. Soc. B 275, 173-179. (doi:10. 1098/rspb.2007.1134)
    • (2008) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.275 , pp. 173-179
    • Roberts, G.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.