Tumor interstitial fluid: Proteomic determination as a possible source of biomarkers

Cancer Genomics and Proteomics

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 225-238

  Baronzio, Gianfranco ^a,b   Parmar, Gurdev ^c   Baronzio, Miriam ^a   Kiselevsky, Mikhail ^d  

^a Medical Center Kines Oncology Section   (Italy)

^b Demetra ML Cell Factory Hyperthermia Immunity Department   (Italy)

^c Integrated Health Clinic   (Canada)

^d N N BLOKHIN RUSSIAN CANCER RESEARCH CENTER   (Russian Federation)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; Inflammation; Proteomics; Review; Tumor interstitial fluid

Indexed keywords

GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN; TUMOR MARKER;

EXOSOME; HUMAN; INTERSTITIAL FLUID; LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE; ONCOTIC PRESSURE; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PROTEOMICS; REVIEW; TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY; TUMOR INTERSTITIAL FLUID; ANIMAL; CHEMISTRY; EXTRACELLULAR FLUID; METABOLISM; NEOPLASM; PROCEDURES;

ANIMALS; EXTRACELLULAR FLUID; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PROTEOMICS; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84908124056     PISSN: 11096535     EISSN: 17906245     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Gullino PM, Clark SH and Grantham FH: The interstitial fluid of solid tumors. Cancer Res 24: 780-794, 1964.
2. Gullino PM, Grantham FH and Smith SH: The interstitial water space of tumors. Cancer Res 25: 727-731, 1965.
3. Sylven B and Bois I: Protein content and enzymatic assays of interstitial fluid from some normal tissues and transplanted mouse tumors. Cancer Res 20: 831-836, 1960.
4. Gullino PM: The internal milieu of tumors. Prog Exp Tumor Res 8: 1-25, 1966.
5. Gullino PM: Extracellular compartments of solid tumors. In: Cancer: A Comprehensive Treatise. Vol 3. Becker FF (ed). Plenum Press New York, pp. 327-354, 1975.
6. Guyton C, Granger HJ and Taylor A: Interstitial fluid pressure. Physiological reviews 5: 527-563, 1971.
7. Gromov P, Gromova I, Olsen C.J., Timmermans-Wielenga V, Talman ML, Serizawa RR and Moreira JM: Tumor interstitial fluid - A treasure trove of cancer biomarkers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1834: 2259-2270, 2013.
8. Haslene-Hox H, Oveland E, Berg K.C., Kolmannskog O., Woie K, Salvesen HB, Tenstad O and Wiig H: A new method for isolation of interstitial fluid from human solid tumors applied to proteomic analysis of ovarian carcinoma tissue. PLoS One 6: e192-117, 2011.
9. Bazzoni G and Dejana E: Pores in the sieve and channels in the wall: control of paracellular permeability by junctional proteins in endothelial cells. Microcirculation 8: 143-152, 2011.
10. Starling EH. On the Absorption of Fluids from the Connective Tissue Spaces. J Physiol 5: 312-26, 1896.
11. Levick JR and Michel CC: Microvascular fluid exchange and the revised Starling principle. Cardiovasc Res 15: 87, 198-210, 2010.
12. Wiig H and Swartz MA: Interstitial fluid and lymph formation and transport: physiological regulation and roles in inflammation and cancer. Physiol Rev 92: 1005-1060, 2012.
13. Wiig H: Pathophysiology of tissue fluid accumulation in inflammation. J Physiol 589: 2945-53, 2011.
14. Yuan SY and Rigor RR: Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function. San Rafael (CA): Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences;. Chapter 2, Structure and Function of Exchange Microvessels. Available rom: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK54123/, 2010.
15. Reitsma S, Slaaf DW, Vink H, van Zandvoort MA and oude Egbrink MG: The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization. Pflugers Arch 454: 345-59, 2007.
16. Nagy JA, Benjamin L, Zeng H., Dvorak AM and Dvorak HF: Vascular permeability, vascular hyperpermeability and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 11: 109-119, 2008.
17. Michel CC and Curry FE: Microvascular permeability. Physiol Rev 79: 703-761, 1999.
18. Baronzio G, Schwartz L, Kiselevsky M., Guais A, Sanders E, Milanesi G., Baronzio M and Freitas I: Tumor interstitial fluid as modulator of cancer inflammation, thrombosis, immunity and angiogenesis. Anticancer Res 32: 405-414, 2012.
19. McDonald DM and Foss AJ: Endothelial cells of tumor vessels: Abnormal but not absent. Cancer Metastasis Rev 19: 109-120, 2000.
20. McDonald DM and Baluk P: Significance of blood vessel leakiness in cancer. Cancer Res 62: 5381-5385, 2002.
21. Armulik A, Abramsson A and Betsholtz C: Endothelial/ Pericyte Interactions. Circ res 97: 512-523, 2005.
22. Eming SA and Hubbell JA: Extracellular matrix in angiogenesis: dynamic structures with translational potential. Exp Dermatol 20: 605-613, 2011.
23. Morikawa S, Baluk P, Kaidoh T., Jain RK and McDonald DM: Abnormalities in pericytes on blood vessels and endothelial sprouts in tumors. Am J Pathol 160: 985-1000, 2002.
24. Baluk P, Hashizume H and McDonald DM: Cellular abnormalities of blood vessels as targets in cancer. Curr Opin Genet Dev 15: 102-111, 2005.
25. Xian X, Håkansson J, Ståhlberg A, Lindblom P., Betsholtz C, Gerhardt H and Semb H: Pericytes limit tumor cell metastasis. J Clin Invest 116: 642-651, 2006.
26. Dvorak HF: Vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor: A critical cytokine in tumor angiogenesis and a potential target for diagnosis and therapy. J Clin Oncol. 20:4368-80, 2002.
27. Ferrara N and Davis-Smyth T: The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev 18: 4-25, 1997.
28. Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T., Matsumura Y and Hori K: Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: A review. J Control Release 65: 271-284, 2000.
29. Nagy JA, Chang SH, Dvorak AM and Dvorak HF: Why are tumour blood vessels abnormal and why is it important to know? Br J Cancer 100: 865-869, 2009.
30. Netti PA, Roberge S, Boucher Y., Baxter LT and Jain RK: Effect of transvascular fluid exchange on pressure-flow relationship in tumors: a proposed mechanism for tumor blood flow heterogeneity. Microvasc Res. 52: 27-46, 1996.
31. Jain RK: Transport of molecules in the tumor interstitium: a review. Cancer Res. 47: 3039-51, 1987.
32. Heldin CH, Rubin K, Pietras K and Ostman A: High interstitial fluid pressure - an obstacle in cancer therapy. Nat. Rev Cancer. 4: 806-813, 2004.
33. Jain RK: Determinants of tumor blood flow: A review. Cancer Res 48: 2641-2658, 1988.
34. Stohrer M, Boucher Y, Stangassinger M and Jain R: Oncotic pressure in solid tumors is elevated. Cancer Res. 60: 4251-5, 2000.
35. Butler TP, Grantham FH and Gullino PM: Bulk transfer of fluid in the interstitial compartment of mammary tumors. Cancer Res. 35: 3084-8, 1975.
36. Kesler CT, Liao S, Munn LL and Padera TP: Lymphatic vessels in health and disease. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Syst Biol Med 5: 111-124, 2013.
37. Padera TP, Stoll BR, Tooredman J.B., Capen D., di Tomaso E and Jain RK: Pathology: cancer cells compress intratumour vessels. Nature 19: 427: 695, 2004.
38. Haslene-Hox H, Tenstad O and Wiig H: Interstitial fluid-A reflection of the tumor cell microenvironment and secretome. Biochim Biophys Acta 1834: 2336-46, 2013.
39. Hagendoorn J, Tong R, Fukumura D., Lin Q, Lobo J, Padera T.P., Xu L., Kucherlapati R and Jain RK: Onset of abnormal blood and lymphatic vessel function and interstitial hypertension in early stages of carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 66: 3360-3364, 2006.
40. Liao S, Cheng G, Conner D.A., Huang Y., Kucherlapati RS, Munn LL, Ruddle NH, Jain R.K., Fukumura D and Padera TP: Impaired lymphatic contraction associated with immunosuppression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 18784-18789, 2011.
41. Freitas I, Baronzio GF, Bono B, Griffini P., Bertone V, Sonzini N, Magrassi G.R., Bonandrini L and Gerzeli G: Tumor interstitial fluid: misconsidered component of the internal milieu of a solid tumor. Anticancer Res 17: 165-72, 1997.
42. Nandi P and Lunte SM: Recent trends in microdialysis sampling integrated with conventional and microanalytical systems for monitoring biological events: a review. Anal Chim Acta 28: 651, 1-14, 2009.
43. BJ Erickson, ME Hilgers, TA Hendrickson - US Patent⋯, 1996 Interstitial fluid collection and constituent measurement. WO 1995010223 A2
44. Blöchl-Daum B., Müller M, Meisinger V, Eichler HG, Fassolt A and Pehamberger H: Measurement of extracellular fluid carboplatin kinetics in melanoma metastases with microdialysis. Br J Cancer 73: 920-924, 1996.
45. D'souza MA, Ravn A, Jorns C., Nowak G and Isaksson B: Membrane cut-off does not influence results regarding the measurement of small molecules - a comparative study between 20- and 100-kDa catheters in hepatic microdialysis. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 34: 109-13, 2014.
46. Zeitlinger M, Müller M and Joukhadar C: Lung microdialysis-a powerful tool for the determination of exogenous and endogenous compounds in the lower respiratory tract (minireview). AAPS J 22: E600-608, 2005.
47. Clough GF: Microdialysis of large molecules. AAPS J 26: E686-92, 2005.
48. Ao X and Stenken JA: Microdialysis sampling of cytokines. Methods 38: 331-341, 2006.
49. Jin G, Cheng Q, Feng J and Li F: On-line microdialysis coupled to analytical systems. J Chromatogr Sci 46: 276-87, 2008.
50. Aukland K and Fadness HO: Protein concentration in interstitial fluid collected from rat skin by a wick method, Acta Physiol Scand 88: 350-358, 1973.
51. Hargens AR, Akeson WH, Mubarak S.J., Owen CA, Gershuni DH, Garfin SR, Lieber R.L., Danzig LA, Botte MJ and Gelberman RH: Tissue Fluid Pressures: From Basic Research Tools to Clinical Applications Journal of Orthopaedic Research 7: 902-909, 1989.
52. Wiig H: Cornea fluid dynamics. I: measurement of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressure in rabbits. Exp Eye Res 49: 1015-1030, 1989.
53. Leegsma-Vogt G, Janle E, ASH S.R., Venema K and Korf J: Utilization in vivo ultrafiltration in biomedical research and clinical applications. Life Sci 73: 2005-2018, 2003
54. Huang CM, Nakatsuji T, Liu YT and Shi Y: In vivo tumor secretion probing via ultrafiltration and tissue chamber: implication for anticancer drugs targeting secretome. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 3: 48-54, 2008.
55. Wiig H, Aukland K and Tenstad O: Isolation of interstitial fluid from rat mammary tumors by a centrifugation method. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 284: H416-H424, 2003.
56. Stone MD, Odland RM, McGowan T, Onsongo G, Tang C, Rhodus NL, Jagtap P, Bandhakavi S and Griffin TJ: Novel in situ collection of tumor interstitial fluid from a head and neck squamous carcinoma reveals a unique proteome with diagnostic potential. Clin Proteom 6: 75-82, 2010.
57. Oh S, Odland R, Wilson S.R., Kroeger KM, Liu C, Lowenstein PR, Castro M.G., Hall WA and Ohlfest JR: Improved distribution of small molecules and viral vectors in the murine brain using a hollow fiber catheter. J Neurosurg 107: 568-77, 2007.
58. Duyverman AM, Kohno M, Roberge S., Fukumura D, Duda DG and Jain RK: An isolated tumor perfusion model in mice. Nat Protoc 22: 7749-55, 2012.
59. Ziche M, Jones J and Gullino PM: Role of prostaglandin E1 and copper in angiogenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 69: 475-482, 1982.
60. Gullino PM: Prostaglandins and gangliosides of tumor microenvironment: their role in angiogenesis. Acta Oncologica 34: 439-441, 1995.
61. Alessandri G, Raju KS and Gullino PM: Interaction of gangliosides with fibronectin in the mobilization of capillary endothelium. Possible influence on the growth of metastasis. Invasion Metastasis 6: 145-165, 1986.
62. Ziche M, Alessandri G and Gullino PM: Gangliosides promote the angiogenic response. Lab Invest 61: 629-634, 1989.
63. Maquart FX, Bellon G, Pasco S and Monboisse JC: Matrikines in the regulation of extracellular matrix degradation. Biochimie 87: 353-360, 2005.
64. Kharaziha P, Ceder S, Qiao L and Panaretakis T: Tumor cell-derived Exosomes: A message in a bottle. Biochimicas et Biophysica Acta 1826: 103-111, 2012,
65. Ge R, tan E, Shargi-Namimi S and Asada H: Exosomes in cancer microenvironment and beyond: have we overlooked these extracellular messengers? Cancer Microenvironment 5: 323-332, 2012.
66. Crane CA, Ahn BJ, Han SJ and Parsa AT: Soluble factors secreted by Glioblastoma cell lines facilitate recruitment, survival, and expansion of regulatory T-cells: implications for immunotherapy. Neuro Oncol 14: 584-595, 2012.
67. Zhang HG and Grizzle WE: Exosomes and cancer: a newly described pathway of immune suppression. Clin Cancer Res 17: 959-964, 2011.
68. Camussi G, Deregibus MC, Bruno S, Grange C., Fonsato V and Tetta C: Exosome/microvesicle-mediated epigenetic reprogramming of cells. Am J Cancer Res 1: 98-110, 2011.
69. Iero M, Valenti R, Huber V., Parmiani G, Fais S and Rivoltini L: Tumour-released exosomes and their implications in cancer immunity. Cell Death Differ 15: 80-88, 2008.
70. Aharon A and Brenner B: Microparticles, thrombosis and cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 22: 61-69, 2009.
71. Harthout Y: Approaches to the study of the secretomes. Expert Rev. Proteomics 4: 239-248, 2007.
72. Park JE, Tan HS, Datta A, Lai RC et al: Hypoxic tumor cell modulates its microenvironment to enhance angiogenic and metastatic potential by secretion of proteins and Exosomes. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 9: 1085-1099, 2010.
73. Brocker C, Thompson DC and Vasiliou V: The role of hyperosmotic stress in inflammation and disease. Biomol Concepts 3: 345-364, 2012.
74. Schwartz L, Guais A, Pooya M and Abolhassani M: Is inflammation a consequence of extracellular hyperosmolarity? J Inflamm (Lond) 6: 21-31, 2009.
75. Németh ZH, Deitch EA, Szabó C and Haskó G: Hyperosmotic stress induces nuclear Factor-kappa B activation and interleukin-8 production in human intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Pathol 161: 987-996, 2002.
76. Gupta SC, Kim JH, Kannappan R, Reuter S., Dougherty PM and Aggarwal BB: Role of nuclear factor κB-mediated inflammatory pathways in cancer-related symptoms and their regulation by nutritional agents. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 236: 658-667, 2011.
77. Chenau J, Michelland S and Seve M: Le sécrétomes: definitions et intérêt biomedical. La revue de medicine interne 29: 606-608, 2008.
78. Cho WC: Proteomics technologies and challenges. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 5: 77-85, 2007.
79. Makridakis M and Vlahou A: Secretome proteomics for discovery of cancer biomarkers. J Proteomics 73: 2291-305, 2010.
80. Cadron I, Van Gorp T, Timmerman D, Amant F., Waelkens E and Vergote I: Application of proteomics in ovarian cancer: which sample should be used? Gynecol Oncol 115: 497-503, 2009.
81. Van Riper SK, de Jong EP, Carlis JV and Griffin TJ: Mass spectrometry-based proteomics: basic principles and emerging technologies and directions. Adv Exp Med Biol 990: 1-35, 2013.
82. Graves PR and Haystead TA: Molecular biologist's guide to proteomics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 66: 39-63, 2002.
83. Issaq H and Veenstra T: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE): advances and perspectives. Biotechniques 44: 697-698, 2008.
84. Rabilloud T and Lelong C: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in proteomics: a tutorial. J Proteomics 74: 1829-1824, 2011.
85. Rabilloud T, Vaezzadeh AR, Potier N, Lelong C., Leize-Wagner E and Chevallet M: Power and limitations of electrophoretic separations in proteomics strategies. Mass Spectrom Rev 28: 816-43, 2009.
86. Alessandro R, Fontana S, Kohn E and De Leo G: Proteomic strategies and their application in cancer research. Tumori 91: 447-55, 2005.
87. Patton WF: A thousand points of light: the application of fluorescence detection technologies to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and proteomics. Electrophoresis 21: 1123-44, 2000.
88. Huang HL, Hsing HW, Lai T.C., Chen YW, Lee TR, Chan HT, Lyu P.C., Wu CL, Lu YC, Lin ST, Lin CW, Lai CH, Chang HT, Chou HC and Chan HL: Trypsin-induced proteome alteration during cell subculture in mammalian cells. J Biomed Sci 17: 36. 17-36, 2010.
89. Rögnvaldsson T, Häkkinen J, Lindberg C., Marko-Varga G, Potthast F and Samuelsson J: Improving automatic peptide mass fingerprint protein identification by combining many peak sets. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 807: 209-215, 2004.
90. Domon B and Aebersold R: Mass spectrometry and protein analysis. Science 312: 212-217, 2006.
91. Kulasingam V and Diamandis EP: Strategies for discovering novel cancer biomarkers through utilization of emerging technologies. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 5: 588-599, 2008.
92. Wulfkuhle JD, Paweletz C P, Steeg PS, Petricoin EF 3rd and Liotta L: Proteomic approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of cancer. Adv Exp Med Biol 532: 59-68, 2003.
93. Simpson RJ, Bernhard OK, Greening DW and Moritz RL: Proteomics-driven cancer biomarker discovery: looking to the future. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 12: 72-77, 2008.
94. Villanueva J, Philip J, Entenberg D., Chaparro CA, Tanwar MK, Holland EC and Tempst P: Serum peptide profiling by magnetic particle-assisted, automated sample processing and MALDITOF mass spectrometry. An automated method, using magnetic reverse-phase beads, for profiling peptides in blood; this approach mines peptides generated from endogenous blood proteins by ex vivo proteolysis during blood collection and storage. Resultant peptide signatures are purported to discriminate patients with advanced prostate, breast, or bladder cancer from healthy controls. Anal Chem 76: 1560-1570, 2004.
95. Facco M, Miorin M and Agostini C: Microarrays proteici e proteomica: nuove tecnologie per l'identificazione di marker biologici. Riv Med Lab - JLM 4: 34-37, 2003.
96. Berrade L, Garcia AE and Camarero JA: Protein microarrays: novel developments and applications. Pharm Res 28: 1480-1499, 2011.
97. Mezzasoma L, Bacarese-Hamilton T, Di Cristina M, Rossi R, Bistoni F., Crisanti A. Antigen microarrays for serodiagnosis of infectious diseases. Clin Chem 48: 121-130, 2002.
98. Robinson WH, DiGennaro C, Hueber W., Haab BB, Kamachi M, Dean EJ, Fournel S, Fong D., Genovese MC, de Vegvar HE, Skriner K, Hirschberg DL, Morris RI, Muller S, Pruijn GJ, van Venrooij WJ, Smolen JS, Brown PO, Steinman L and Utz PJ: Autoantigen microarrays for multiplex characterization of autoantibody responses. Nat Med. 8: 295-301, 2002.
99. Quackenbush J: Microarray analysis and tumor classification. N Engl J Med 354: 2463-2472, 2006.
100. Mishra A and Verma M: Cancer biomarkers: Are we ready for the Prime Time?. Cancers 2: 190-208, 2010.
101. Teng PN, Bateman NW, Hood BL and Conrads TP: Advances in proximal fluid proteomics for disease biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res 3: 6091-6100, 2010.
102. Jacobs JM, Adkins JN, Qian W.J., Liu T., Shen Y, Camp DG 2nd and Smith RD: Utilizing human blood plasma for proteomic biomarker discovery. J. Proteome Res 4: 1073-1085, 2005.
103. Wang TH, Chao A, Tsai C.L., Chang CL, Chen SH, Lee YS, Chen J.K., Lin YJ, Chang PY, Wang CJ, Chao AS, Chang SD, Chang TC, Lai CH and Wang HS: Stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 as a secreted biomarker for human ovarian cancer promotes cancer cell proliferation. Mol Cell Proteomics 9: 1873-1884, 2010.
104. Tsai CL, Tsai CN, Lin C.Y., Chen HW, Lee YS, Chao A, Wang T.H., Wang HS and Lai CH: Secreted stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 activates the ALK2-SMAD signalingpathways and promotes cell proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. Cell Rep 30: 283-293, 2012.
105. Massagué J, Seoane J and Wotton D: Smad transcription factors. Genes Dev 19: 2783-2810, 2005.
106. Ding Z, Bae YH and Roy P: Molecular insights on context-specific role of profilin-1 in cell migration. Cell Adh Migr 6: 442-449, 2012.
107. Gromov P, Gromova I, Bunkenborg J., Cabezon T et al: Upregulated proteins in the fluid bathing the tumour cell microenvironment as potential serological markers for early detection of cancer of the breast. Mol Oncol 4: 65-89, 2010.
108. Celis JE, Gromova I, Moreira J.M., Cabezon T and Gromov P: Impact of proteomics on bladder cancer research. Pharmacogenomics 5: 381-394, 2004.
109. Gromov P, Moreira JM, Gromova I and Celis JE: Proteomic strategies in bladder cancer: From tissue to fluid and back. Proteomics Clin Appl 2: 974-988, 2008.
110. Raghavan M, Wijeyesakere SJ, Peters LR and Del Cid N: Calreticulin in the immune system: ins and outs. Trends Immunol 34: 13-12, 2013.
111. Camby I, Le Mercier M, Lefranc F and Kiss R: Galectin-1: a small protein with major functions. Glycobiology 16: 137R-157R, 2006.
112. Arnér ES and Holmgren A: Physiological functions of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase. Eur J Biochem 267: 6102-6109, 2000.
113. Ban N, Takahashi Y, Takayama T., Kura T et al: Transfection of glutathione S-transferase (GST)-pi antisense complementary DNA increases the sensitivity of a colon cancer cell line to adriamycin, cisplatin, melphalan, and etoposide. Cancer Res 56: 3577-3582, 1996.
114. Gonzalez V, Pal R and Narayan M: The oxidoreductase behavior of protein disulfide isomerase impedes fold maturation of endoplasmic reticulum-processed proteins in the pivotal structure-coupled step of oxidative folding: implications for subcellular protein trafficking. Biochemistry 49: 6282-6289, 2010.
115. Zhang D, Tai LK, Wong L.L., Chiu LL et al: Proteomic study reveals that proteins involved in metabolic and detoxification pathways are highly expressed in HER-2/neu-positive breast cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 4: 1686-96, 2005.
116. Sun W, Ma J, Wu S., Yang D, Yan Y, Liu K., Wang J, Sun L, Chen N, Wei H, Zhu Y, Xing B, Zhao X, Qian X, Jiang Y and He F: Characterization of the liver tissue interstitial fluid (TIF) proteome indicates potential for application in liver disease biomarker discovery. J Proteome Res 9: 1020-1023, 2010.
117. Hardt M, Lam DK, Dolan JC and Schmidt BL: Surveying proteolytic processes in human cancer microenvironments by microdialysis and activity-based mass spectrometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 5: 636-643, 2011.
118. Li S, Wang R, Zhang M., Wang L and Cheng S: Proteomic analysis of non-small cell lung cancer tissue interstitial fluids. World J Surg Oncol 5: 11173, 2013.
119. Galdos AC. R. Analise proteomica do saco vitelino de bovinos. [Proteomic analisys of bovine yolk sac]. 2009. 111 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em Ciencias) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2009.
120. Teng PN, Rungruang BJ, Hood B.L., Sun M et al: Assessment of buffer systems for harvesting proteins from tissue interstitial fluid for proteomic analysis. J Proteome Res 6: 4161-4169, 2010.