Representativeness and seasonality of major ion records derived from NEEM firn cores

Cryosphere

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1855-1870

  Gfeller, G ^a   Fischer, H ^a   Bigler, M ^a   Schupbach S ^a   Leuenberger, D ^a   Mini, O ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; ANNUAL VARIATION; HUMAN ACTIVITY; INORGANIC COMPOUND; RESOLUTION; SEASONALITY; SNOWPACK; SPATIAL ANALYSIS;

ARCTIC; GREENLAND;

EID: 84908072023     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-8-1855-2014     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Bigler, M., Wagenbach, D., Fischer, H., Kipfstuhl, J., Miller, H., Sommer, S., and Stauffer, B.: Sulphate record from a northeast Greenland ice core over the last 1200 years based on continuous flow analysis, Ann. Glaciol., 35, 250-256, doi:10.3189/172756402781817158, 2002.
2. Bory, A. J.-M., Biscaye, P. E., and Grousset, F. E.: Two distinct seasonal Asian source regions for mineral dust deposited in Greenland (NorthGRIP), Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1176, doi:10.1029/2002GL016446, 2003.
3. Buizert, C., Martinerie, P., Petrenko, V. V., Severinghaus, J. P., Trudinger, C. M., Witrant, E., Rosen, J. L., Orsi, A. J., Rubino, M., Etheridge, D. M., Steele, L. P., Hogan, C., Laube, J. C., Sturges, W. T., Levchenko, V. A., Smith, A. M., Levin, I., Conway, T. J., Dlugokencky, E. J., Lang, P. M., Kawamura, K., Jenk, T. M., White, J.W. C., Sowers, T., Schwander, J., and Blunier, T.: Gas transport in firn: multiple-tracer characterisation and model intercomparison for NEEM, Northern Greenland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4259-4277, doi:10.5194/acp-12-4259-2012, 2012.
4. Cleveland, W. S.: Robust Locally Weighted Regression and Smoothing Scatterplots, J. Am Stat. Assoc., 74, 829-836, 1979.
5. Dahl-Jensen, D., Albert, M., Aldahan, A., Azuma, N., Balslev-Clausen, D., Baumgartner, M., Berggren, A.-M., Bigler, M., Binder, T., Blunier, T., Bourgeois, J., Brook, E., Buchardt, S., Buizert, C., Capron, E., Chappellaz, J., Chung, J., Clausen, H., Cvijanovic, I., Davies, S. M., Ditlevsen, P., Eicher, O., Fischer, H., Fisher, D., Fleet, L., Gfeller, G., Gkinis, V., Gogineni, S., Goto-Azuma, K., Grinsted, A., Gudlaugsdottir, H., Guillevic, M., Hansen, S., Hansson, M., Hirabayashi, M., Hong, S., Hur, S., Huybrechts, P., Hvidberg, C., Iizuka, Y., Jenk, T., Johnsen, S., Jones, T., Jouzel, J., Karlsson, N., Kawamura, K., Keegan, K., Kettner, E., Kipfstuhl, S., Kjær, H., Koutnik, M., Kuramoto, T., Köhler, P., Laepple, T., Landais, A., Langen, P., Larsen, L., Leuenberger, D., Leuenberger, M., Leuschen, C., Li, J., Lipenkov, V., Martinerie, P., Maselli, O., Masson-Delmotte, V., McConnell, J., Miller, H., Mini, O., Miyamoto, A., Montagnat-Rentier, M., Mulvaney, R., Muscheler, R., Orsi, A., Paden, J., Panton, C., Pattyn, F., Petit, J.-R., Pol, K., Popp, T., Possnert, G., Prié, F., Prokopiou, M., Quiquet, A., Rasmussen, S., Raynaud, D., Ren, J., Reutenauer, C., Ritz, C., Röckmann, T., Rosen, J., Rubino, M., Rybak, O., Samyn, D., Sapart, C., Schilt, A., Schmidt, A., Schwander, J., Schüpbach, S., Seierstad, I., Severinghaus, J., Sheldon, S., Simonsen, S., Sjolte, J., Solgaard, A., Sowers, T., Sperlich, P., Steen-Larsen, H., Steffen, K., Steffensen, J., Steinhage, D., Stocker, T., Stowasser, C., Sturevik, A., Sturges, W., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A., Svensson, A., Tison, J.-L., Uetake, J., Vallelonga, P., van de Wal, R., van der Wel, G., Vaughn, B., Vinther, B., Waddington, E., Wegner, A., Weikusat, I., White, J., Wilhelms, F., Winstrup, M., Witrant, E., Wolff, E., Xiao, C., and Zheng, J.: Eemian interglacial reconstructed from a Greenland folded ice core, Nature, 493, 489-494, 2013.
6. Dibb, J. E., Whitlow, S. I., and Arsenault, M.: Seasonal variations in the soluble ion content of snow at Summit. Greenland: constraints from three years of daily surface snow samples, Atmos. Environ., 41, 5007-5019, recent Investigations of Snow Photochemistry and Air-Snow Exchange at Summit, Greenland, 2007.
7. Dunse, T., Eisen, O., Helm, V., Rack, W., Steinhage, D., and Parry, V.: Characteristics and small-scale variability of GPR signals and their relation to snow accumulation in Greenland's percolation zone, J. Glaciol., 54, 333-342, doi:10.3189/002214308784886207, 2008.
8. Fischer, H.: Räumliche Variabilität in Eiskernzeitreihen Nordostgrönlands, Ph.D. thesis, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 1997.
9. Fischer, H., Wagenbach, D., and Kipfstuhl, J.: Sulfate and nitrate firn concentrations on the Greenland ice sheet: 1. Large-scale geographical deposition changes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 21927-21934, doi:10.1029/98JD01885, 1998a.
10. Fischer, H., Wagenbach, D., and Kipfstuhl, J.: Sulfate and nitrate firn concentrations on the Greenland ice sheet: 2. Temporal anthropogenic deposition changes, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 103, 21935-21942, doi:10.1029/98JD01886, 1998b.
11. Fischer, H., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-L., Ruth, U., Röthlisberger, R., and Wolff, E.: Glacial/interglacial changes in mineral dust and sea-salt records in polar ice cores: Sources, transport, and deposition, Rev. Geophys., 45, RG1002, doi:10.1029/2005RG000192, 2007.
12. Fisher, D., Reeh, N., and Clausen, H.: Stratigraphic noise in time series derived from ice cores, Ann. Glaciol., 7, 76-83, 1985.
13. Gfeller, G.: Continuous acidity measurements on polar ice cores, Master's thesis, University of Bern, Switzerland, 2011.
14. Goto-Azuma, K. and Koerner, R. M.: Ice core studies of anthropogenic sulfate and nitrate trends in the Arctic, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 4959-4969, doi:10.1029/2000JD900635, 2001.
15. Hausbrand, R.: Direct measurement of the acidity in an ice core from northwest Greenland, Master's thesis, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 1998.
16. Herron, M. M. and Langway, C. C.: Firn densification: an empirical model, J. Glaciol., 25, 373-385, 1980.
17. Karlöf, L., Winebrenner, D. P., and Percival, D. B.: How representative is a time series derived from a firn core? A study at a low-accumulation site on the Antarctic plateau, Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 111, F04001, doi:10.1029/2006JF000552, 2006.
18. Kaufmann, P. R., Federer, U., Hutterli, M. A., Bigler, M., Schüpbach, S., Ruth, U., Schmitt, J., and Stocker, T. F.: An improved Continuous Flow Analysis system for high-resolution field Measurements on ice cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 8044-8050, doi:10.1021/es8007722, 2008.
19. Kuramoto, T., Goto-Azuma, K., Hirabayashi, M., Miyake, T., Motoyama, H., Dahl-Jensen, D., and Steffensen, J. P.: Seasonal variations of snow chemistry at NEEM, Greenland, Ann. Glaciol., 52, 193-200, doi:10.3189/172756411797252365, 2011.
20. Laj, P., Palais, J. M., and Sigurdsson, H.: Changing sources of impurities to the Greenland ice sheet over the last 250 years, Atmos. Environ., 26, 2627-2640, 1992.
21. Langford, A. O., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Zachariassen, J., and Schimel, D. S.: Gaseous ammonia fluxes and background concentrations in terrestrial ecosystems of the United States, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 6, 459-483, doi:10.1029/92GB02123, 1992.
22. Law, K. S. and Stohl, A.: Arctic air pollution: origins and impacts, Science, 315, 1537-1540, doi:10.1126/science.1137695, 2007.
23. Legrand, M. and Mayewski, P.: Glaciochemistry of polar ice cores: a review, Rev. Geophys., 35, 219-243, doi:10.1029/96RG03527, 1997.
24. Mosley-Thompson, E., McConnell, J. R., Bales, R. C., Li, Z., Lin, P.-N., Steffen, K., Thompson, L. G., Edwards, R., and Bathke, D.: Local to regional-scale variability of annual net accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet from PARCA cores, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 33839-33851, doi:10.1029/2001JD900067, 2001.
25. Röthlisberger, R., Bigler, M., Hutterli, M., Sommer, S., Stauffer, B., Junghans, H. B., and Wagenbach, D.: Technique for continuous high-resolution snalysis of trace substances in firn and ice cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 338-342, doi:10.1021/es9907055, 2000.
26. Shaw, G. E.: The arctic haze phenomenon, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 76, 2403-2413, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1995)0762.0.CO;2, 1995.
27. Sigg, A., Fuhrer, K., Anklin, M., Staffelbach, T., and Zurmuhle, D.: A continuous analysis technique for trace species in ice cores, Environ. Sci. Technol., 28, 204-209, doi:10.1021/es00051a004, 1994.
28. Smith, S. J., van Aardenne, J., Klimont, Z., Andres, R. J., Volke, A., and Delgado Arias, S.: Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850-2005, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 1101-1116, doi:10.5194/acp-11-1101-2011, 2011.
29. Sommer, S.: Hochauflösende spurenstoffuntersuchung an eisbohrkernen aus Nord-Grönland, Master's thesis, University of Bern, 1996.
30. Steen-Larsen, H. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Sjolte, J., Johnsen, S. J., Vinther, B. M., Bréon, F.-M., Clausen, H. B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Falourd, S., Fettweis, X., Gallée, H., Jouzel, J., Kageyama, M., Lerche, H., Minster, B., Picard, G., Punge, H. J., Risi, C., Salas, D., Schwander, J., Steffen, K., Sveinbjörnsdottir, A. E., Svensson, A., and White, J.: Understanding the climatic signal in the water stable isotope records from the NEEM shallow firn/ice cores in Northwest Greenland, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 116, D06108, doi:10.1029/2010JD014311, 2011.
31. Steffen, K., Box, J. E., and Abdalati, W.: Greenland Climate Network: GC-Net, Colbeck, S. C. Ed. CRREL 96-27 Special Report on Glaciers, Ice Sheets and Volcanoes, trib. to M. Meier, 98-103, 1996.
32. Weiss, J.: The catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on different metals, Trans. Faraday Soc., 31, 1547-1557, doi:10.1039/TF9353101547, 1935.
33. Whitlow, S., Mayewski, P. A., and Dibb, J. E.: A comparison of major chemical species seasonal concentration and accumulation at the South Pole and Summit, Greenland, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 2045-2054, 1992.
34. Wigley, T. M. L., Briffa, K. R., and Jones, P. D.: On the average value of correlated time series, with applications in dendroclimatology and hydrometeorology, J. Climate Appl. Meteorol., 23, 201-213, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1984)0232.0.CO;2, 1984.
35. Wolff, E. W., Rankin, A. M., and Röthlisberger, R.: An ice core indicator of Antarctic sea ice production?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 2158, doi:10.1029/2003GL018454, 2003.
36. Yalcin, K., Wake, C. P., Kang, S., Kreutz, K. J., and Whitlow, S. I.: Seasonal and spatial variability in snow chemistry at Eclipse Icefield, Yukon, Canada, Ann. Glaciol., 43, 230-238, doi:10.3189/172756406781811998, 2006.