Volumetric lidar scanning of wind turbine wakes under convective and neutral atmospheric stability regimes

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

Volumn 31, Issue 10, 2014, Pages 2035-2048

  Iungo, Giacomo Valerio ^a   Porté Agel, Fernando ^a  

^a EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY; LIDAR SCANNING; WIND TURBINE WAKES;

BOUNDARY LAYER; LIDAR; MEASUREMENT METHOD; WAKE; WIND FARM; WIND POWER; WIND TURBINE; WIND VELOCITY;

EID: 84907982122     PISSN: 07390572     EISSN: 15200426     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00252.1     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aitken, M. L., R. M. Banta, Y. L. Pichugina, and J. K. Lundquist, 2014: Quantifying wind turbine wake characteristics from scanning remote sensor data. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 765-787, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00104.1.
2. Baker, R., and S. Walker, 1984: Wake measurements behind a large horizontal axis wind turbine generator. Sol. Energy, 33, 5-12, doi:10.1016/0038-092X(84)90110-5.
3. Barthelmie, R. J., and Coauthors, 2010: Quantifying the impact of wind turbine wakes on power output at offshore wind farms. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 27, 1302-1317, doi:10.1175/2010JTECHA1398.1.
4. Bastankhah, M., and F. Porté-Agel, 2014: A new analytical model for wind-turbine wakes. Renewable Energy, 70, 116-123, doi:10.1016/j.renene.2014.01.002.
5. Basu, S., F. Porté-Agel, E. Foufoula-Georgiou, J.-F. Vinuesa, and M. Pahlow, 2006: Revisiting the local scaling hypothesis in stably stratified atmospheric boundary-layer turbulence: An integration of field and laboratory measurements with largeeddy simulations. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 119, 473-500, doi:10.1007/s10546-005-9036-2.
6. Bingöl, F., J. Mann, and G. C. Larsen, 2010: Light detection and ranging measurements of wake dynamics. Part I: Onedimensional scanning. Wind Energy, 13, 51-61.
7. Carbajo-Fuertes, F., G. V. Iungo, and F. Porté-Agel, 2014: 3D turbulence measurements using three synchronous wind lidars: Validation against sonic anemometry. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 31, 1549-1556, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00206.1.
8. Chan, P. W., and A. M. Shao, 2007: Depiction of complex airflow near Hong Kong International Airport using a Doppler lidar with a two-dimensional wind retrieval technique. Meteor. Z., 16, 491-504, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0220.
9. Crespo, A., and J. Hernández, 1986: A numerical model of wind turbine wakes and wind farms. Proceedings: EWEC '86; European Wind Energy Association Conference and Exhibition, W. Palz and E. Sesto, Eds., Vol. 2, A. Raguzzi, Bookshop for Scientific Publications, 111-115.
10. Crespo, A., and J. Hernández, and S. Frandsen, 1999: Survey of modelling methods for wind turbine wakes and wind farms. Wind Energy, 2, 1-24, doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1824(199901/03)2: 1,1::AID-WE16.3.0.CO;2-7.
11. Delaunay, B., 1934: Sur la sphère vide. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Otd. Mat. Estestv. Nauk, 7, 793-800.
12. Elliott, D. L., and J. B. Cadogan, 1990: Effects of wind shear and turbulence on wind turbine power curves. Proc. European Community Wind Energy Conf. and Exhibition, Madrid, Spain, EWEA, 10-14.
13. Emeis, S., M. Harris, and R. Banta, 2007: Boundary-layer anemometry by optical remote sensing for wind energy applications. Meteor. Z., 16, 337-347, doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0225.
14. Gottschall, J., and J. Peinke, 2008: How to improve the estimation of power curves for wind turbines. Environ. Res. Lett., 3, 015005, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/3/1/015005.
15. Högstrom, U., D. N. Asimakopoulos, H. Kambezidis, C. G. Helmis, and A. Smedman, 1988: A field study of the wake behind a 2MW wind turbine. Atmos. Environ., 22, 803-820, doi:10.1016/0004-6981(88)90020-0.
16. Iungo, G. V., and F. Porté-Agel, 2013: Measurement procedures for characterization of wind turbine wakes with scanning Doppler wind LiDARs. Adv. Sci. Res., 10, 71-75, doi:10.5194/asr-10-71-2013.
17. Iungo, G. V., F. Viola, S. Camarri, F. Porté-Agel, and F. Gallaire, 2013a: Linear stability analysis of wind turbine wakes performed on wind tunnel measurements. J. Fluid Mech., 737, 499-526, doi:10.1017/jfm.2013.569.
18. Iungo, G. V., Y.-T. Wu, and F. Porté-Agel, 2013b: Field measurements of wind turbine wakes with lidars. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 30, 274-287, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00051.1.
19. Kaimal, J. C., R. A. Eversole, D. H. Lenschow, B. B. Stankov, P. H. Kahn, and J. A. Businger, 1982: Spectral characteristics of the convective boundary layer over uneven terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1098-1114.
20. Käsler, Y., S. Rahm, R. Simmet, and M. Kühn, 2010: Wake measurements of a multi-MW wind turbine with coherent longrange pulsed Doppler wind lidar. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 27, 1529-1532, doi:10.1175/2010JTECHA1483.1.
21. Kongara, S., R. Calhoun, A. Choukulkar, and M. Boldi, 2012: Velocity retrieval for coherent Doppler lidar. Int. J. Remote Sens., 33, 3596-3613, doi:10.1080/01431161.2011.631948.
22. Larsen, S. E., S. E.Gryning, N. O. Jensen,H. E. Jørgensen, and J. Mann, 2007: Mean wind and turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer above the surface layer. Wind Energy: Proceedings of the Euromech Colloquium, J. Peinke, P. Schaumann, and S. Barth, Eds., Springer, 21-25.
23. Lin, C., Q. Xia, and R. Calhoun, 2008: Retrieval of urban boundary layer structures from Doppler lidar data. Part II: Proper orthogonal decomposition. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 21-42, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2329.1.
24. Luken, E., A. Talmon, and P. E. J. Vermeulen, 1986: Evaluation of two mathematical wind turbine wake models in various types of flow. TNO-MT Tech. Rep. 86-07, 24 pp.
25. Machefaux, E., N. Troldborg, G. C. Larsen, J. Mann, and H. A. Madsen, 2012: Experimental and numerical study of wake to wake interaction in wind farms. Proc. European Wind Energy Conf. and Exhibition, Copenhagen, Denmark, EWEA, 10 pp. [Available online at http://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/experimental-and-numerical-study-of-wake-to-wake-interactionin-wind-farms(f10f9a8a-b95b-441f-acb5-fe0c38e22215).pdf? nofollow5true&rendering5long.]
26. Magnusson, M., and A.-S. Smedman, 1996: A practical method to estimate wind turbine wake characteristics from turbine data and routine wind measurements. Wind Eng., 20, 73-92.
27. Magnusson, M., and A.-S. Smedman, 1999: Air flow behind wind turbines. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 80, 169-189, doi:10.1016/S0167-6105(98)00126-3.
28. Monin, A. S., and A. M. Obukhov, 1954: Basic laws of turbulent mixing in the ground layer of the atmosphere. Tr. Geofiz. Inst., Akad. Nauk SSSR, 151, 163-187.
29. Motta, M., R. J. Barthelmie, and P. Vølund, 2005: The influence of non-logarithmic wind speed profiles on potential power output at Danish offshore sites. Wind Energy, 8, 219-236.
30. Newsom, R., D. Ligon, R. Calhoun, R. Heap, E. Cregan, and M. Pricevac, 2005: Retrieval of microscale wind and temperature fields from single- and dual-Doppler lidar data. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1324-1345, doi:10.1175/JAM2280.1.
31. Nieuwstadt, F. T. M., 1984: The turbulent structure of the stable, nocturnal boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2202-2216, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041,2202:TTSOTS.2.0.CO;2.
32. Obukhov, A. M., 1971: Turbulence in an atmosphere with a nonuniform temperature. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 2, 7-29, doi:10.1007/BF00718085.
33. Panofsky,H.A.,H. Tennekes,D.H. Lenschow, and J.C.Wyngaard, 1977: The characteristics of turbulent velocity components in the surface layer under convective conditions. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 11, 355-361, doi:10.1007/BF02186086.
34. Porté-Agel, F., Y.-T. Wu, H. Lu, and R. Conzemius, 2011: Largeeddy simulation of atmospheric boundary layer flow through wind turbines and wind farms. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 99, 154-168, doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2011.01.011.
35. Rareshide, E., A. Tindal, C. Johnson, A. Graves, E. Simpson, J. Bleeg, T. Harris, and D. Schoborg, 2009: Effects of complex wind regimes on turbine performance. Proc. Windpower 2009, Chicago, IL, AWEA, 15 pp.
36. Rhodes, M. E., and J. K. Lundquist, 2013: The effect of windturbine wakes on summertime US Midwest atmospheric wind profiles as observed with ground-based Doppler lidar. Bound.- Layer Meteor., 149, 85-103, doi:10.1007/s10546-013-9834-x.
37. Smalikho, I., V. Banakh, Y. Pichugina, W. Brewer, R. Banta, J. Lundquist, and N. Kelley, 2013: Lidar investigation of atmosphere effect on a wind turbine wake. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 30, 2554-2570, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00108.1.
38. Smith, C. M., R. J. Barthelmie, and S. C. Pryor, 2013: In situ observations of the influence of a large onshorewind farm on near-surface temperature, turbulence intensity and wind speed profiles. Environ. Res. Lett., 8, 034006, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/8/3/034006.
39. Stull, R. B., 1988: An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, Vol. 13, Kluwer Academic, 670 pp.
40. Sumner, J., and C. Masson, 2006: Influence of atmospheric stability on wind turbine power performance curves. J. Sol. Energy Eng., 128, 531-538, doi:10.1115/1.2347714.
41. Takeuchi, K., 1961: On the structure of the turbulent field in the surface boundary layer. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 39, 346-364.
42. Trujillo, J.-J., F. Bingöl, G. C. Larsen, J. Mann, and M. Kühn, 2011: Light detection and ranging measurements of wake dynamics. Part II: Two-dimensional scanning. Wind Energy, 14, 61-75, doi:10.1002/we.402.
43. van der Berg, G. P., 2008: Wind turbine power and sound in relation to atmospheric stability. Wind Energy, 11, 151-169, doi:10.1002/we.240.
44. Vermeer, L. J., J. N. Sørensen, and A. Crespo, 2003: Wind turbine wake aerodynamics. Prog. Aerosp. Sci., 39, 467-510, doi:10.1016/S0376-0421(03)00078-2.
45. Viola, F., G. V. Iungo, S. Camarri, F. Porté-Agel, and F. Gallaire, 2014: Prediction of the hub vortex instability in a wind turbine wake: Stability analysis with eddy-viscosity models calibrated on wind tunnel data. J. Fluid Mech., 750, R1, doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.263.
46. Wharton, S., and J. K. Lundquist, 2010: Atmospheric stability impacts on power curves of tall wind turbines-An analysis of a West Coast North American wind farm. LLNL Tech. Rep. LLNL-TR-424425, 73 pp. [Available online at https://e-reports-ext.llnl.gov/pdf/387609.pdf.]
47. Wharton, S., and J. K. Lundquist, 2012: Assessing atmospheric stability and its impacts on rotor-disk wind characteristics at an onshore wind farm. Wind Energy, 15, 525-546, doi:10.1002/we.483.
48. Wiser, R., and M. Bollinger, 2012: 2011 wind technologies market report. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Tech. Rep., 81 pp. [Available online at http://emp.lbl.gov/publications/2011-wind-technologies-market-report.]
49. Wu, Y.-T., and F. Porté-Agel, 2011: Large-eddy simulation of wind-turbine wakes: Evaluation of turbine parametrisations. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 138, 345-366, doi:10.1007/s10546-010-9569-x.
50. Wu, Y.-T., and F. Porté-Agel, 2012: Atmospheric turbulence effects on windturbine wakes: An LES study. Energies, 5, 5340-5362, doi:10.3390/en5125340.
51. Xia, Q., C. Lin, R. Calhoun, and R. Newsom, 2008: Retrieval of urban boundary layer structures from Doppler lidar data. Part I: Accuracy assessment. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 3-20, doi:10.1175/2007JAS2328.1.
52. Zhang, W., C. D. Markfort, and F. Porté-Agel, 2013: Windturbine wakes in a convective boundary layer: A wind-tunnel study. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 146, 161-179, doi:10.1007/s10546-012-9751-4.
53. Zhou, L., Y. Tian, S. Baidya Roy, C. Thorncroft, L. F. Bosart, and Y. Hu, 2012: Impacts of wind farms on land surface temperature. Nat. Climate Change, 2, 539-543, doi:10.1038/nclimate1505.