HIV prevention for adults with criminal justice involvement: A systematic review of HIV risk-reduction interventions in incarceration and community settings

American Journal of Public Health

Volumn 104, Issue 11, 2014, Pages e27-e53

  Underhill, Kristen ^a,b   Dumont, Dora ^c,d   Operario, Don ^e  

^a BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c MIRIAM HOSPITAL   (United States)

^d RHODE ISLAND DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH   (United States)

^e BROWN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; CRIMINAL LAW; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMAN; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT; PREVENTION AND CONTROL; PRISON; PRISONER; PSYCHOLOGY; UNSAFE SEX;

ADULT; CRIMINAL LAW; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; PRISONERS; PRISONS; UNSAFE SEX;

EID: 84907808698     PISSN: 00900036     EISSN: 15410048     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2014.302152     Document Type: Review

References (126)

1. Braithwaite RL, Arriola KR. Male prisoners and HIV prevention: a call for action ignored. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(suppl 1):S145-S149.
2. Blankenship KM, Smoyer AB. Between spaces: understanding movement to and from prison as an HIV risk factor. In: Sanders B, Thomas YF, Deeds BG, eds. Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns. New York, NY: Springer; 2013:207-221.
3. Effectiveness of Interventions to Address HIV in Prisons. Geneva, Switzerland: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, World Health Organization, and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2007.
4. Beckwith CG, Zaller ND, Fu JJ, Montague BT, Rich JD. Opportunities to diagnose, treat, and prevent HIV in the criminal justice system. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;55(suppl 1):S49-S55.
5. Spaulding AC, Seals RM, Page MJ, Brzozowski AK, Rhodes W, Hammett TM. HIV/AIDS among inmates of and releasees from US correctional facilities, 2006: declining share of epidemic but persistent public health opportunity. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(11):e7558.
6. Dolan K, Kite B, Black E, Aceijas C, Stimson GV. HIV in prison in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007;7(1):32-41.
7. HIV in Prisons: Situation and Needs Assessment Toolkit. Vienna, Austria: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2010.
8. Gordon MS, Kinlock TW, McKenzie M, Wilson ME, Rich JD. Rapid HIV testing for individuals on probation/parole: outcomes of an intervention trial. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2022-2030.
9. Belenko S, Langley S, Crimmins S, Chaple M. HIV risk behaviors, knowledge, and prevention education among offenders under community supervision: a hidden risk group. AIDS Educ Prev. 2004;16(4):367-385.
10. Green TC, Pouget ER, Harrington M, et al. Limiting options: sex ratios, incarceration rates, and sexual risk behavior among people on probation and parole. Sex Transm Dis. 2012;39(6):424-430.
11. Adams LM, Kendall S, Smith A, Quigley E, Stuewig JB, Tangney JP. HIV risk behaviors of male and female jail inmates prior to incarceration and one year post-release. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(8):2685-2694.
12. Khan MR, Behrend L, Adimora AA, Weir SS, Tisdale C, Wohl DA. Dissolution of primary intimate relationships during incarceration and associations with post-release STI/HIV risk behavior in a Southeastern city. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(1):43-47.
13. Luther JB, Reichert ES, Holloway ED, Roth AM, Aalsma MC. An exploration of community reentry needs and services for prisoners: a focus on care to limit return to high-risk behavior. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2011;25(8):475-481.
14. Pollack H, Khoshnood K, Altice F. Health care delivery strategies for criminal offenders. J Health Care Finance. 1999;26(1):63-77.
15. Epperson MW, El-Bassel N, Chang M, Gilbert L. Examining the temporal relationship between criminal justice involvement and sexual risk behaviors among drug-involved men. J Urban Health. 2010;87(2):324-336.
16. Adams J, Nowels C, Corsi K, Long J, Steiner JF, Binswanger IA. HIV risk after release from prison: a qualitative study of former inmates. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;57(5):429-434.
17. Seal DW, Eldrige GD, Kacanek D, Binson D, Macgowan RJ. A longitudinal, qualitative analysis of the context of substance use and sexual behavior among 18- to 29-year-old men after their release from prison. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(11):2394-2406.
18. Gough E, Kempf MC, Graham L, et al. HIV and hepatitis B and C incidence rates in US correctional populations and high risk groups: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:777.
19. Glaze LE, Parks E. Correctional Populations in the United States, 2011. Washington, DC: US Department of Justice; 2012.
20. Oser CB, Harland Harp KL, Staton- Tindall M. Drug abuse HIV/AIDS interventions in criminal justice settings. In: Handbook of Evidence-Based Substance Abuse Treatment in Criminal Justice Settings. New York, NY: Springer; 2011;11:293-309.
21. Hammett TM, Gaiter JL, Crawford C. Reaching seriously at-risk populations: health interventions in criminal justice settings. Health Educ Behav. 1998;25(1):99-120.
22. Hedrich D, Alves P, Farrell M, Stöver H, Møller L, Mayet S. The effectiveness of opioid maintenance treatment in prison settings: a systematic review. Addiction. 2012;107(3):501-517.
23. Larney S. Does opioid substitution treatment in prisons reduce injectingrelated HIV risk behaviours? A systematic review. Addiction. 2010;105(2):216-223.
24. Dolan K, Rutter S, Wodak AD. Prison-based syringe exchange programmes: a review of international research and development. Addiction. 2003;98(2):153-158.
25. Stallwitz A, Stover H. The impact of substitution treatment in prisons - a literature review. Int J Drug Policy. 2007;18(6):464-474.
26. Springer SA, Azar MM, Altice FL. HIV, alcohol dependence, and the criminal justice system: a review and call for evidence-based treatment for released prisoners. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2011;37(1):12-21.
27. Lines R, Jurgens R, Betteridge G, Stover H, Laticevschi D, Nelles J. Prison Needle Exchange: Lessons From a Comprehensive Review of International Evidence and Experience. Toronto, Ontario: Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network; 2004.
28. Lichtenstein B, Malow R. A critical review of HIV-related interventions for women prisoners in the United States. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2010;21(5):380-394.
29. Jürgens R, Ball A, Verster A. Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(1):57-66.
30. Jahanfar S, Myers J. Harm reduction interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS transmission in involuntary detainees. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(3)(CD006737).
31. Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0. Oxford, England: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011.
32. Underhill K, Operario D, Dumont D. Interventions for HIV prevention in nonincarcerated criminal justice-involved populations. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. In press.
33. Rhodes W, Gross M. Case Management Reduces Drug Use and Criminality Among Drug-Involved Arrestees: An Experimental Study of an HIV Prevention Intervention. Rockville, MD: National Institute of Justice and National Institute on Drug Abuse; 1997.
34. Denison JA, O'Reilly KR, Schmid GP, Kennedy CE, Sweat MD. HIV voluntary counseling and testing and behavioral risk reduction in developing countries: a meta-analysis, 1990-2005. AIDS Behav. 2008;12(3):363-373.
35. Weinhardt LS, Carey MP, Johnson BT, Bickham NL. Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997. Am J Public Health. 1999;89(9):1397-1405.
36. Eaton LA, Huedo-Medina TB, Kalichman SC, et al. Meta-analysis of single-session behavioral interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: implications for bundling prevention packages. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(11):e34-e44.
37. Grant RM, Lama JR, Anderson PL, et al. Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2587-2599.
38. Choopanya K, Martin M, Suntharasamai P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV infection in injecting drug users in Bangkok, Thailand (the Bangkok Tenofovir Study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9883):2083-2090.
39. Baeten JM, Donnell D, Ndase P, et al. Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention in heterosexual men and women. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(5):399-410.
40. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in the United States 2014: A Clinical Practice Guideline. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2014.
41. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(6):e1000097.
42. Alemagno SA, Stephens RC, Stephens P, Shaffer-King P, White P. Brief motivational intervention to reduce HIV risk and to increase HIV testing among offenders under community supervision. J Correct Health Care. 2009;15(3):210-221.
43. Baxter S. AIDS education in the jail setting. Crime Delinq. 1991;37(1):48-63.
44. Bayanzadeh SA, Afshar P. Final Report of Research Project: A Study of the Effectiveness of Psychopharmacological and Psychological Interventions in Reducing Harmful/High Risk Behaviors Among Substance User Prisoners. Tehran, Iran: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime; 2004.
45. Braithwaite RL, Stephens TT, Treadwell HM, Braithwaite K, Conerly R. Short-term impact of an HIV risk reduction intervention for soon-to-be released inmates in Georgia. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2005;16(4, suppl B):130-139.
46. Brown R, Gassman M, Hetzel S, Berger L. Community-based treatment for opioid dependent offenders: a pilot study. Am J Addict. 2013;22(5):500-502.
47. Callahan C. The Association of Criminal Justice System Involvement on Change in High-Risk Behaviors Among Urban, Crack-Cocaine Using Women [doctoral thesis]. St Louis, MO: George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University; 2008.
48. Clarke JG, Anderson BJ, Stein MD. Hazardously drinking women leaving jail: time to first drink. J Correct Health Care. 2011;17(1):61-68.
49. Cropsey KL, Lane PS, Hale GJ, et al. Results of a pilot randomized controlled trial of buprenorphine for opioid dependent women in the criminal justice system. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;119(3):172-178.
50. Dolan KA, Shearer J, White B, Zhou J, Kaldor J, Wodak AD. Four-year follow-up of imprisoned male heroin users and methadone treatment: mortality, re-incarceration and hepatitis C infection. Addiction. 2005;100(6):820-828.
51. el-Bassel N, Ivanoff A, Schilling RF, Gilbert L, Borne D, Chen DR. Preventing HIV/AIDS in drug-abusing incarcerated women through skills building and social support enhancement: preliminary outcomes. Soc Work Res. 1995;19(3):131-141.
52. Eldridge GD, St Lawrence JS, Little CE, et al. Evaluation of the HIV risk reduction intervention for women entering inpatient substance abuse treatment. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997;9(1, suppl):62-76.
53. Fish DG, Walker SJ, Singaravelu K, et al. Improving knowledge, attitudes, and testing for communicable diseases among New York State inmates. J Correct Health Care. 2008;14(4):290-298.
54. Grinstead OA, Zack B, Faigeles B, Grossman N, Blea L. Reducing postrelease HIV risk among male prison inmates: a peer-led intervention. Crim Justice Behav. 1999;26(4):453-465.
55. Hser YI, Fu L, Wu F, Du J, Zhao M. Pilot trial of a recovery management intervention for heroin addicts released from compulsory rehabilitation in China. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2013;44(1):78-83.
56. Kavasery R, Maru DS, Cornman- Homonoff J, Sylla LN, Smith D, Altice FL. Routine opt-out HIV testing strategies in a female jail setting: a prospective controlled trial. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(11):e7648.
57. Kavasery R, Maru DS, Sylla LN, Smith D, Altice FL. A prospective controlled trial of routine opt-out HIV testing in a men's jail. PLoS ONE. 2009;4(11):e8056.
58. Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, Schwartz RP, O'Grady K, Fitzgerald TT, Wilson M. A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: results at 1-month post-release. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2007;91(2-3):220-227.
59. Leukefeld C, Havens J, Tindall MS, et al. Risky relationships: targeting HIV prevention for women offenders. AIDS Educ Prev. 2012;24(4):339-349.
60. Longshore D, Turner S, Anglin MD. Effects of case management on drug users' risky sex. Prison J. 1998;78(1):6-30.
61. Lurigio AJ, Petraitis J, Johnson BR. Joining the front line against HIV: an education program for adult probationers. AIDS Educ Prev. 1992;4(3):205-218.
62. Magura S, Lee JD, Hershberger J, et al. Buprenorphine and methadone maintenance in jail and post-release: a randomized clinical trial. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2009;99(1-3):222-230.
63. Martin SS, O'Connell DJ, Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Beard RA. HIV/AIDS among probationers: an assessment of risk and results from a brief intervention. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003;35(4):435-443.
64. Martin SS, O'Connell DJ, Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Maiden KM. Integrating an HIV/HCV brief intervention in prisoner reentry: results of a multisite prospective study. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2008;40(4):427-436.
65. Martin SS, Scarpitti FR. An intensive case management approach for paroled IV drugs users. J Drug Issues. 1993;23(1):43-59.
66. Marxhausen JL. Effects of a Peer- Driven HIV/HCV Intervention Program With Reentering Drug Offenders. Ann Arbor, MI: Walden University; 2013.
67. McKenzie M, Zaller N, Dickman SL, et al. A randomized trial of methadone initiation prior to release from incarceration. Subst Abus. 2012;33(1):19-29.
68. Needels K, James-Burdumy S, Burghardt J. Community case management for former jail inmates: its impacts on rearrest, drug use, and HIV risk. J Urban Health. 2005;82(3):420-433.
69. Prendergast M, Frisman L, Sacks JY, et al. A multi-site, randomized study of strengths-based case management with substance-abusing parolees. J Exp Criminol. 2011;7(3):225-253.
70. Sacks JY, Sacks S, McKendrick K, et al. Prison therapeutic community treatment for female offenders: profiles and preliminary findings for mental health and other variables (crime, substance use and HIV risk). J Offender Rehabil. 2008;46(3-4):233-261.
71. Scott CK, Dennis ML. The first 90 days following release from jail: findings from the Recovery Management Checkups for Women Offenders (RMCWO) experiment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;125(1-2):110-118.
72. Weir BW, O'Brien K, Bard RS, et al. Reducing HIV and partner violence risk among women with criminal justice system involvement: a randomized controlled trial of two motivational interviewing-based interventions. AIDS Behav. 2009;13(3):509-522.
73. Wolitski RJ. Relative efficacy of a multisession sexual risk-reduction intervention for young men released from prisons in 4 states. Am J Public Health. 2006;96(10):1854-1861.
74. Daniels J, Crum M, Ramaswamy M, Freudenberg N. Creating REAL MEN: description of an intervention to reduce drug use, HIV risk, and rearrest among young men returning to urban communities from jail. Health Promot Pract. 2011;12(1):44-54.
75. Dolan KA, Shearer J, MacDonald M, Mattick RP, Hall W, Wodak AD. A randomised controlled trial of methadone maintenance treatment versus wait list control in an Australian prison system. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;72(1):59-65.
76. Gordon MS, Kinlock TW, Schwartz RP, O'Grady KE. A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: findings at 6 months post-release. Addiction. 2008;103(8):1333-1342.
77. Inciardi JA, Surratt HL, Martin SS, O'Connell DJ, Salandy AD, Beard RA. Developing a multimedia HIV and hepatitis intervention for drug-involved offenders reentering the community. Prison J. 2007;87(1):111-142.
78. Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, Schwartz RP, Fitzgerald TT, O'Grady KE. A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: results at 12 months postrelease. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;37(3):277-285.
79. Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, Schwartz RP, O'Grady KE. A study of methadone maintenance for male prisoners: 3-month postrelease outcomes. Crim Justice Behav. 2008;35(1):34-47.
80. Leukefeld C, Roberto H, Hiller M, Webster M, Logan TK, Staton-Tindall M. HIV prevention among high-risk and hard-to-reach rural residents. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2003;35(4):427-434.
81. Sacks JY, McKendrick K, Hamilton Z. A randomized clinical trial of a therapeutic community treatment for female inmates: outcomes at 6 and 12 months after prison release. J Addict Dis. 2012;31(3):258-269.
82. Sosman J, Macgowan R, Margolis A, et al. Sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis in men with a history of incarceration. Sex Transm Dis. 2011;38(7):634-639.
83. Vemulapalli CF, Callahan C, Ben Abdallah A, Cottler LB. Deconstructing HIV prevention interventions among drug abusing female offenders: preliminary results of long-term follow-up efforts. Poster presentation at: the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the College on Problems of Drug Dependence; June 17-22, 2006; Scottsdale, AZ.
84. Wilson ME, Kinlock TW, Gordon MS, O'Grady KE, Schwartz RP. Postprison release HIV-risk behaviors in a randomized trial of methadone treatment for prisoners. Am J Addict. 2012;21(5):476-487.
85. Wolitski RJ, Project START Study Group. Project START reduces HIV risk among prisoners after release. Oral presentation at: XV International AIDS Conference; July 14, 2004; Bangkok, Thailand.
86. Rhodes AG, Taxman FS, Friedmann PD, Cropsey KL. HCV in incarcerated populations: an analysis of gender and criminality on risk. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2008;40(4):493-501.
87. Hebert MR, Clarke JG, Caviness CM, Ray MK, Friedmann PD, Stein MD. Feasibility of gaining access to women in jail for health interventions. Women Health. 2008;47(3):79-93.
88. Stein MD, Caviness CM, Anderson BJ. Incidence of sexually transmitted infections among hazardously drinking women after incarceration. Womens Health Issues. 2012;22(1):e1-e7.
89. Stein MD, Caviness CM, Anderson BJ, Hebert M, Clarke JG. A brief alcohol intervention for hazardously drinking incarcerated women. Addiction. 2010;105(3):466-475.
90. Strong DR, Caviness C, Anderson B, Brown RA, Stein M. Assessing the severity of hazardous drinking and related consequences among incarcerated women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2010;34(5):907-914.
91. Wu F. Linking Heroin Users in China to Drug Treatment and Other Resources in the Community: Effect of a Recovery Management Intervention Model [doctoral dissertation]. Los Angeles, CA: University of California, Los Angeles; 2013.
92. Keough AB. Association Between Social and Financial Support and Recidivism Amongst Incarcerated Females [master's dissertation]. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University; 2013.
93. Havens JR, Leukefeld CG, Oser CB, et al. Examination of an interventionistled HIV intervention among criminal justice-involved female prisoners. J Exp Criminol. 2009;5(3):245-272.
94. Leukefeld C, Oser CB, Havens J, et al. Drug abuse treatment beyond prison walls. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2009;5(1):24-30.
95. Anglin MD, Longshore D, Turner S. Treatment alternatives to street crime: an evaluation of five programs. Crim Justice Behav. 1999;26(2):168-195.
96. O'Connell DJ, Swan H, Martin SS, Surratt HL, Visher CA. A continuum of care model for HIV in correctional settings. In: Sanders W, Thomas YF, Deeds B, eds. Crime, HIV and Health: Intersections of Criminal Justice and Public Health Concerns. New York, NY: Springer; 2013.
97. Inciardi JA. Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJ-DATS): HIV/hepatitis prevention for re-entering drug offenders (ICPSR 29061). 2011. Available at: http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NAHDAP/series/244/studies/29061?sortBy=7&archive=NAHDAP&keyword[0]=HIV&paging.startRow=1. Accessed August 10, 2014.
98. Lopez C-RR. Assessing the Association Between Risky Sexual Behaviors and Hepatitis C Among Drug Users Recently Released from Incarceration. San Diego, CA: San Diego State University; 2013.
99. Prevention program lowers unprotected sex among recently released prisoners. Medical Letter on the CDC and FDA. Atlanta, GA: NewsRX; 2004:39.
100. Johnson AP, Macgowan RJ, Eldridge GD, et al. Cost and threshold analysis of an HIV/STI/hepatitis prevention intervention for young men leaving prison: Project START. AIDS Behav. 2013;17(8):2676-2684.
101. With more intensive counseling, prisoners take fewer sexual risks after release. Medical Letter on the CDC and FDA. Atlanta, GA: NewsRX; 2004:104-105.
102. Grinstead O, Eldridge G, MacGowan R, et al. An HIV, STD, and hepatitis prevention program for young men leaving prison: Project START. J Correct Health Care. 2008;14(3):183-196.
103. Martin SS, Inciardi JA. Case management treatment program for drug-involved prison releasees. Prison J. 1993;73(3):319-331.
104. Anglin MD, Longshore D, Turner S, McBride D, Inciardi J, Prendergast M. Studies of the functioning and effectiveness of Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC) programs, final report. Los Angeles, CA: The UCLA Drug Abuse Research Center; 1996.
105. Dolan K, Shearer J, White B. A Randomised Controlled Trial of Methadone Maintenance Treatment in NSW Prisons. Sydney, Australia: National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; 2002.
106. Stephens T, Braithwaite R, Conerly R. Self-reported injection drug use and needle sharing behavior among soon-to-be-released adult male inmates. Am J Health Stud. 2005;20(1/2):66-71.
107. Hollis S, Campbell F. What is meant by intention to treat analysis? Survey of published randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 1999;319(7211):670-674.
108. Weinhardt LS, Forsyth AD, Carey MP, Jaworski BC, Durant LE. Reliability and validity of self-report measures of HIV-related sexual behavior: progress since 1990 and recommendations for research and practice. Arch Sex Behav. 1998;27(2):155-180.
109. Harrison LD. The validity of self-reported data on drug use. J Drug Issues. 1995;25(1):91-111.
110. Darke S. Self-report among injecting drug users: a review. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;51(3):253-263; discussion 267-268.
111. Del Boca FK, Noll JA. Truth or consequences: the validity of self-report data in health services research on addictions. Addiction. 2000;95(suppl 3):S347-S360.
112. Fishbein M, Pequegnat W. Evaluating AIDS prevention interventions using behavioral and biological outcome measures. Sex Transm Dis. 2000;27(2):101-110.
113. Collica-Cox K. Counting down: HIV prison-based peer education programs and their connection to reduced disciplinary infractions. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. 2013;58(8):931-952.
114. Chen JL, Callahan DB, Kerndt PR. Syphilis control among incarcerated men who have sex with men: public health response to an outbreak. Am J Public Health. 2002;92(9):1473-1474.
115. Tuli K, Kerndt PR. Preventing sexually transmitted infections among incarcerated men who have sex with men: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2009;36(2 suppl):S41-S48.
116. Grinstead OA, Faigeles B, Comfort M, et al. HIV, STD, and hepatitis risk to primary female partners of men being released from prison. Women Health. 2005;41(2):63-80.
117. Harawa NT, Sweat J, George S, Sylla M. Sex and condom use in a large jail unit for men who have sex with men (MSM) and male-to-female transgenders. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2010;21(3):1071-1087.
118. Robillard AG, Gallito-Zaparaniuk P, Arriola KJ, Kennedy S, Hammett T, Braithwaite RL. Partners and processes in HIV services for inmates and ex-offenders. Facilitating collaboration and service delivery. Eval Rev. 2003;27(5):535-562.
119. Des Jarlais DC, Paone D, Milliken J, et al. Audio-computer interviewing to measure risk behaviour for HIV among injecting drug users: a quasi-randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353(9165):1657-1661.
120. Langhaug LF, Sherr L, Cowan FM. How to improve the validity of sexual behaviour reporting: systematic review of questionnaire delivery modes in developing countries. Trop Med Int Health. 2010;15(3):362-381.
121. Macalino GE, Celentano DD, Latkin C, Strathdee SA, Vlahov D. Risk behaviors by audio computer-assisted self-interviews among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative injection drug users. AIDS Educ Prev. 2002;14(5):367-378.
122. Perlis TE, Des Jarlais DC, Friedman SR, Arasteh K, Turner CF. Audio-computerized self-interviewing versus face-to-face interviewing for research data collection at drug abuse treatment programs. Addiction. 2004;99(7):885-896.
123. Islam MM, Topp L, Conigrave KM, et al. The reliability of sensitive information provided by injecting drug users in a clinical setting: clinician-administered versus audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI). AIDS Care. 2012;24(12):1496-1503.
124. Brown JL, Swartzendruber A, DiClemente RJ. Application of audio computer-assisted self-interviews to collect self-reported health data: an overview. Caries Res. 2013;47(suppl 1):40-45.
125. Brown JL, Vanable PA, Eriksen MD. Computer-assisted self-interviews: a cost effectiveness analysis. Behav Res Methods. 2008;40(1):1-7.
126. Phillips AE, Gomez GB, Boily MC, Garnett GP. A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative interviewing tools to investigate self-reported HIV and STI associated behaviours in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2010;39(6):1541-1555.