A study of tropospheric NO2 variability over Pakistan using OMI data

Atmospheric Pollution Research

Volumn 5, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 709-720

  ul Haq, Zia ^a   Tariq, Salman ^a   Ali, Muhammad ^a   Mahmood, Khalid ^a   Batool, Syeda Adila ^a   Rana, Asim Daud ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB   (Pakistan)

Author keywords

Air pollutants; NO2; OMI; Pakistan; Trajectory analysis

Indexed keywords

EID: 84907582400     PISSN: 13091042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5094/APR.2014.080     Document Type: Article

References (65)

1. Ahmad, S.S., Aziz, N., 2013. Spatial and temporal analysis of ground level ozone and nitrogen dioxide concentration across the twin cities of Pakistan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 185, 3133–3147.
2. Ali, M., Salman, T., Khalid, M., Asim, D., Adila, B., Zia, U.H., 2014. A study of aerosol properties over Lahore (Pakistan) by using AERONET data. Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Science 50, 153-162.
3. Ashraf, N., Mushtaq, M., Sultana, B., Iqbal, M., Ullah, I., Shahid, S.A., 2013. Preliminary monitoring of tropospheric air quality of Lahore City in Pakistan. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences 3, 19–28.
4. Badarinath, K.V.S., Chand, T.R.K., Prasad, V.K., 2006. Agriculture crop residue burning in the Indo–Gangetic Plains – a study using IRS–P6 AWIFS satellite data. Current Science 91, 1085–1089.
5. 2 concentrations and their diurnal and seasonal variations observed from the SCIAMACHY and OMI sensors using in situ surface measurements in Israeli cities. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, 3867–3879.
6. 2 columns: Observing the diurnal evolution of chemistry and emissions from space. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 113, art. no. D16S26.
7. 2 from OMI. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, 2103–2118.
8. 2 retrieval from space. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres 109, art. no. D04311.
9. 2 retrieval algorithm for nadir–viewing satellite instruments: Applications to OMI. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 6, 2607–2626.
10. 2 vertical column retrieval from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44, 1245–1258.
11. Celarier, E.A., Brinksma, E.J., Gleason, J.F., Veefkind, J.P., Cede, A., Herman, J.R., Ionov, D., Goutail, F., Pommereau, J.P., Lambert, J.C., van Roozendael, M., Pinardi, G., Wittrock, F., Schonhardt, A., Richter, A., Ibrahim, O.W., Wagner, T., Bojkov, B., Mount, G., Spinei, E., Chen, C.M., Pongetti, T.J., Sander, S.P., Bucsela, E.J., Wenig, M.O., Swart, D.P.J., Volten, H., Kroon, M., Levelt, P.F., 2008. Validation of Ozone Monitoring Instrument nitrogen dioxide columns. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 113, art. no. D15S15.
12. 3 concentrations at a traffic site in Delhi: Statistical persistence analysis and source identification. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 13, 377–384.
13. 2 columns and the effect of different ecosystem in Yangtze River Delta. Procedia Environmental Sciences 13, 1045–1056.
14. Colbeck, I., Nasir, Z.A., Ali, Z., Ahmad, S., 2010. Nitrogen dioxide and household fuel use in the Pakistan. Science of the Total Environment 409, 357–363.
15. 2 over the Indian region observed by Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI): Seasonal changes and long–term trends. Atmospheric Environment 65, 25–39.
16. X emission controls on power plants in the United States: 2005–2011. Atmospheric Environment 81, 102–111.
17. EDGAR (Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research), 2010. European Commission, release version 4.1. http://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu, accessed in June 2014.
18. Eskes, H.J., Boersma, K.F., 2003. Averaging kernels for DOAS total–column satellite retrievals. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, 1285–1291.
19. FBSP (Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan), 2014. http://www.pbs.gov.pk, accessed in June 2014.
20. Fleming, Z.L., Monks, P.S., Manning, A.J., 2012. Review: Untangling the influence of air–mass history in interpreting observed atmospheric composition. Atmospheric Research 104, 1–39.
21. Garg, A., Bhattacharya, S., Shukla, P.R., Dadhwal, V.K., 2001. Regional and sectoral assessment of greenhouse gas emissions in India. Atmospheric Environment 35, 2679–2695.
22. 2 over the major global hotspot regions during the past decade and their inter–comparison. Environmental Pollution 157, 1873–1878.
23. Giovanni (Geospatial Interactive Online Visualization and Analysis Infrastructure), 2014. Giovanni 3 Online Users Manual, http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/giovanni, accessed in June 2014.
24. GOP (Government of Pakistan), 2011. Economic Survey of Pakistan (2010–2011), Finance Division, Economic, Advisor's Wing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
25. 2 using observations from the DANDELIONS and INTEX–B validation campaigns. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 115, art. no. D05301.
26. 2 columns over the Korean peninsula. Atmospheric Environment 45, 2962–2971.
27. 2– distribution retrieved from GOME satellite observations using a generalized additive model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, 6459–6477.
28. 2 over central east China during the past decade. Atmospheric Environment 41, 4865–4876.
29. HTAP (Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution), 2010. Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution 2010, Part A: Ozone and Particulate Matter, Air Pollution Studies, No. 17, Edited by. Dentener, F., Keating T., Akimoto, H., The Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP) Acting within the Framework of the Convention on Long–Range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), United Nations, New York and Geneva, 86 pages.
30. ISDR (International Strategy for Disaster Reduction), 2005. A review of disaster management policies and systems in Pakistan. The World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan, 44 pages.
31. Jahangir, S., Ahmad, S.S., Aziz, N., Shah, M.T.A., 2013. Spatial variation of nitrogen dioxide concentration in private and public hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of International Environmental Application & Science 8, 16–24.
32. 2 ratios at Rishiri Island, Japan: Potential influence from iodine chemistry. Science of the Total Environment 376, 185–197.
33. 2.5 exposures in the Mid–Atlantic states. Environmental Science & Technology 46, 11913–11921.
34. 3 chemistry. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 111, art. no. D15301.
35. x over Asia using the model of atmospheric transport and chemistry (MATCH–MPIC) and GOME–satellite observations. Atmospheric Environment 38, 581–596.
36. Lamsal, L.N., Martin, R.V., van Donkelaar, A., Celarier, E.A., Bucsela, E.J., Boersma, K.F., Dirksen, R., Luo, C., Wang, Y., 2010. Indirect validation of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide retrieved from the OMI satellite instrument: Insight into the seasonal variation of nitrogen oxides at northern midlatitudes. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 115, art. no. D05302.
37. X emissions from Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment satellite image sequences. Journal of Geophysical Research–Atmospheres 106, 5493–5505.
38. Levelt, P.F., Van den Oord, G.H.J., Dobber, M.R., Malkki, A., Visser, H., de Vries, J., Stammes, P., Lundell, J.O.V., Saari, H., 2006a. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44, 1093–1101.
39. Levelt, P.F., Hilsenrath, E., Leppelmeier, G.W., van den Oord, G.H.J., Bhartia, P.K., Tamminen, J., de Haan, J.F., Veefkind, J.P., 2006b. Science objectives of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 44, 1199–1208.
40. Mahar, A., Ahmad, I., Wasila, H., Siyal, A.N., Abro, S.A., Malik, R.N., Gabol, A., Channa, S.A., Noor, S., Shah, M., Khan, M.A., 2013. Concentrations of road transport–related air pollutants and it's health implications of Hyderabad City, Pakistan. Global Journal of Biodiversity Science and Management 3, 269–275.
41. Martin, P., Cabanas, B., Villanueva, F., Gallego, M.P., Colmenar, I., Salgado, S., 2010. Ozone and nitrogen dioxide levels monitored in an urban area (Ciudad Real) in central–southern Spain. Water Air and Soil Pollution 208, 305–316.
42. MFALP (Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock, Pakistan), 2014. http://faorap–apcas.org/pakistan/Agriculture%20Statistics%20of%20Pakistan%202004–05, accessed in 2014.
43. Mishra, A.K., Shibata, T., 2012. Climatological aspects of seasonal variation of aerosol vertical distribution over central Indo–Gangetic belt (IGB) inferred by the space–borne lidar CALIOP. Atmospheric Environment 46, 365–375.
44. Oluleye, A., Okogbue, E.C., 2013. Analysis of temporal and spatial variability of total column ozone over West Africa using daily TOMS measurements. Atmospheric Pollution Research 4, 387–397.
45. PEPA (Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency), 2005. Pakistan State of the Environment (SoE) Report.
46. 2 Concentration in Different Cities of Pakistan Using Diffusion Samplers (Karachi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Lahore and Quetta).
47. Prud'homme, G., Dobbin, N.A., Sun, L., Burnett, R.T., Martin, R.V., Davidson, A., Cakmak, S., Villeneuve, P.J., Lamsal, L.N., van Donkelaar, A., Peters, P.A., Johnson, M., 2013. Comparison of remote sensing and fixed–site monitoring approaches for examining air pollution and health in a national study population. Atmospheric Environment 80, 161–171.
48. PWP (Pakistan Web Portal), 2013. http://www.pakistan.gov.pk, accessed in 2013.
49. 2 from GOME measurements. Advances in Space Research 29, 1673–1683.
50. Satheesh, S.K., Moorthy, K.K., 2005. Radiative effects of natural aerosols: A review. Atmospheric Environment 39, 2089–2110.
51. 2) from biomass fuels used in rural sector of Indo–Gangetic Plain, India. Atmospheric Environment 45, 5913–5923.
52. 2 over India with model simulations. Atmospheric Environment 44, 3314–3321.
53. x levels and their emission ratio in relation to road traffic activities in East Asia. Atmospheric Environment 45, 3120–3131.
54. Tan, K.C., Hwee, S.L., Jafri, M.Z.M., 2014. Analysis of total column ozone in Peninsular Malaysia retrieved from SCIAMACHY. Atmospheric Pollution Research 5, 42-51.
55. Tariq, M.A.U.R., van de Giesen, N., 2012. Floods and flood management in Pakistan. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 47–48, 11–20.
56. U.S. CAR (U.S. Climate Action Report), 2010. U.S. Department of State, Washington: Global Publishing Services.
57. U.S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency), 1998. National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report 1997, Report 454/R–98–016, http://www.epa.gov/, accessed in 2013.
58. 2 sources and their trends from space using seasonal variability analyses. Journal of Geophysical Research 113, art. no. D04302.
59. 2 compared with GOME retrievals for the year 2000. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, 2943–2979.
60. Wallace, J., Kanaroglou, P., 2009. The sensitivity of OMI–derived nitrogen dioxide to boundary layer temperature inversions. Atmospheric Environment 43, 3596–3604.
61. 2 slant column abundance obtained by DOAS measurements at Stara Zagora and at NDACC European mid– latitude stations in comparison with subtropical stations. Journal of Atmospheric and Solar–Terrestrial Physics 99, 134–142.
62. WHO (World Health Organization), 2000. Air Quality Guidelines for Europe, Second Edition, WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 91.
63. Zafar, L., Ahmad, S.S., Syed, W.A.A, Ali, S.S., 2012. Temporal variations in nitrogen dioxide concentration due to vehicular emissions in Islamabad capital territory (ICT) & Rawalpindi. Science International (Lahore) 24, 265–268.
64. 2 columns over Europe from 2004 to 2009 and the influence of meteorological variability. Atmospheric Environment 46, 482–495.
65. 2 column densities over Southeastern Europe. Atmospheric Research 122, 55–66.