The effect of changing sea ice on the physical vulnerability of Arctic coasts

Cryosphere

Volumn 8, Issue 5, 2014, Pages 1777-1799

  Barnhart, K R ^a   Overeem, I ^a   Anderson, R S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COASTAL EROSION; CRYOSPHERE; FETCH; ICE RETREAT; PERMAFROST; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SEA ICE; VULNERABILITY; WAVE FIELD; WAVE SETUP;

ALASKA; ARCTIC OCEAN; BEAUFORT SEA; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84907561572     PISSN: 19940416     EISSN: 19940424     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/tc-8-1777-2014     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. ACIA: Impacts of a Warming Arctic: Arctic Climate Impact Assessment, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2004.
2. Asplin, M G., Galley, R., Barber, D G., and Prinsenberg, S.: Fracture of summer perennial sea ice by ocean swell as a result of Arctic storms, J. Geophys. Res., 117, C06025,. doi:10.1029/2011JC007221, 2012.
3. Atkinson, D E.: Observed storminess patterns and trends in the circum-Arctic coastal regime, Geo-Mar. Lett., 25, 98-109,. doi:10.1007/s00367-004-0191-0, 2005.
4. Barnhart, K R., Anderson, R S., Overeem, I., Wobus, C., Clow, G D., and Urban, F.: Modeling erosion of ice-rich permafrost bluffs along the Alaskan Beaufort Sea coast, J. Geophys. Res.-Earth, 119,. doi:10.1002/2013JF002845, 2014.
5. Bird, E C F.: Coastline Changes, A global review, Wiley, New York, NY, 1985.
6. Birnbaum, G. and Lüpkes, C.: A new parameterization of surface drag in the marginal sea ice zone, Tellus A, 54, 107-123,. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.00243.x, 2002.
7. Blunden, J. and Arndt, D S. (Eds.): State of the climate in 2011, B. Am. Meterol. Soc., 93, S1-S264, 2012.
8. Brooks, S M. and Spencer, T.: Temporal and spatial variations in recession rates and sediment release from soft rock cliffs, Suffolk coast, UK, Geomorphology, 124, 26-41, 2010.
9. Brown, J., Jorgenson, M T., Smith, O P., and Lee, W.: Long-term rates of coastal erosion and carbon input, Elson Lagoon, Barrow, Alaska, Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, 21-25 July 2003, Zurich, Switzerland, 2003.
10. Cavalieri, D., Parkinson, P., Gloersen, P., and Zwally, H J.: Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, 1979-2011, National Snow and Ice Data Center, 1996.
11. Clow, G D., DeGange, A R., Dirksen, D V., and Zimmerman, C E.: Climate change considerations, in: An Evaluation of the Science Needs to Inform Decisions on Outer Continental Shelf Energy Development in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas, Alaska, edited by: Holland-Bartels, L. and Pierce, B., US Geological Survey Circular 1370, 81-108, 2011.
12. Coastal Engineering Research Center: Shore Protection Manual, US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Coastal Engineering Research Center, 1-652, 1984.
13. Comiso, J C.: Warming trends in the Arctic from clear sky satellite observations, J. Climate, 16, 3498-3510, 2003.
14. Danard, M B., Rasmussen, M C., Murty, T S., Henry, R F., Kowalik, Z., and Venkatesh, S.: Inclusion of ice cover in a storm surge model for the Beaufort Sea, Nat. Hazards, 2, 153-171, 1989.
15. Dean, R G. and Dalrymple, R A.: Water Wave Mechanics for Engineers and Scientists, 2 Edn., World Scientific, Singapore, 1991.
16. Dean, R G. and Dalrymple, R.: Coastal Processes with Engineering Engineering Applications , Cambridge University Press, 2004.
17. Eicken, H., Gradinger, R., Gaylord, A., Mahoney, A., Rigor, I., and Melling, H.: Sediment transport by sea ice in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas: increasing importance due to changing ice conditions?, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 3281-3302,. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.10.006, 2005.
18. Garbrecht, T., Lüpkes, C., Hartmann, J., and Wolff, M.: Atmospheric drag coefficients over sea ice - validation of a parameterisation concept, Tellus A, 54, 205-219,. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0870.2002.01253.x, 2002.
19. Greenberg, J., Hart, P., and Grantz, A.: Bathymetric Map of the Continental Shelf, Slope, and Rise of the Beaufort Sea North of Alaska, US Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map 1182-A, 6 p., 1 sheet, scale $1:500$,000, 1981.
20. Günther, F., Overduin, P P., Sandakov, A V., Grosse, G., and Grigoriev, M N.: Short- and long-term thermo-erosion of ice-rich permafrost coasts in the Laptev Sea region, Biogeosciences, 10, 4297-4318,. doi:10.5194/bg-10-4297-2013, 2013.
21. Henry, R F.: Storm Surges, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Victoria, BC, 1-44, 1975.
22. Héquette, A., Desrosiers, M., and Barnes, P W.: Sea ice scouring on the inner shelf of the southeastern Canadian Beaufort Sea, Mar. Geol., 128, 201-219, 1995.
23. Hoque, M A. and Pollard, W H.: Arctic coastal retreat through block failure, Can. Geotech. J., 46, 1103-1115, 2009.
24. IPCC: Climate change 2013: the physical science basis, in: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, 1535 pp., 2013.
25. Jones, E P.: Circulation in the Arctic Ocean, Polar Res., 20, 139-146, 2001.
26. Jones, B M., Arp, C D., Jorgenson, M T., Hinkel, K M., Schmutz, J A., and Flint, P L.: Increase in the rate and uniformity of coastline erosion in Arctic Alaska, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L03503,. doi:10.1029/2008GL036205, 2009.
27. Jorgenson, M T., Jorgenson, J C., Macander, M., Payer, D., and E, M A.: Monitoring of coastal dynamics at Beaufort Lagoon in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Northeast Alaska, Reports on Polar and Marine Research, 413, 22-28, 2002.
28. Kobayashi, N.: Formation of thermoerosional niches into frozen bluffs due to storm surges on the Beaufort Sea coast, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 11983-11988, 1985.
29. Kobayashi, N., Vidrine, J C., Nairn, R B., and Soloman, S M.: Erosion of frozen cliffs due to storm surge on Beaufort Sea Coast, J. Coastal Res., 15, 332-344, 1999.
30. Kovacs, A. and Sodhi, D S.: Shore ice pile-up and ride-up: field observations, models, theoretical analyses, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 2, 210-288, 1980.
31. Kowalik, Z.: Storm surges in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 10570-10578, 1984.
32. Lantuit, H. and Pollard, W H.: Fifty years of coastal erosion and retrogressive thaw slump activity on Herschel Island, southern Beaufort Sea, Yukon Territory, Canada, Geomorphology, 95, 84-102, 2008.
33. Lantuit, H., Overduin, P. P., Couture, N., Wetterich, S., Aré, F., Atkinson, D., Brown, J., Cherkashov, G., Drozdov, D., Forbes, D. L., Graves-Gaylord, A., Grigoriev, M., Hubberten, H. W., Jordan, J., Jorgenson, T., Ødegard, R. S., Ogorodov, S., Pollard, W. H., Rachold, V., Sedenko, S., Solomon, S., Steenhuisen, F., Streletskaya, I., and Vasiliev, A.: The Arctic Coastal Dynamics Database: A New Classification Scheme and Statistics on Arctic Permafrost Coastlines, Estuar. Coast., 35, 383-400,. doi:10.1007/s12237-010-9362-6, 2012.
34. Lantuit, H., Overduin, P P., and Wetterich, S.: Recent progress regarding permafrost coasts, Permafrost Periglac., 24, 120-130,. doi:10.1002/ppp.1777, 2013.
35. Lesack, L. F W., Marsh, P., Hicks, F E., and Forbes, D L.: Timing, duration, and magnitude of peak annual water-levels during ice breakup in the Mackenzie Delta and the role of river discharge, Water Resour. Res., 49, 8234-8249,. doi:10.1002/2012WR013198, 2013.
36. Lesack, L F W., Marsh, P., Hicks, F E., and Forbes, D L.: Local spring warming drives earlier river-ice breakup in a large Arctic delta, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1560-1567,. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1944-8007, 2014.
37. Lintern, D G., Macdonald, R W., Solomon, S M., and Jakes, H.: Beaufort Sea storm and resuspension modeling, J. Marine Syst., 127, 14-25,. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.11.015, 2011.
38. Lisitzin, E.: Sea-Level Changes, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 286 pp., New York, 1974.
39. Lynch, A H., Lestak, L R., Uotila, P., Cassano, E N., and Xie, L.: A factorial analysis of storm surge flooding in Barrow, Alaska, Mon. Weather Rev., 136, 898-912,. doi:10.1175/2007MWR2121.1, 2008.
40. Manson, G K. and Solomon, S M.: Past and future forcing of Beaufort Sea coastal change, Atmos. Ocean, 45, 107-122,. doi:10.3137/ao.450204, 2007.
41. Mars, J C. and Houseknecht, D W.: Quantitative remote sensing study indicates doubling of coastal erosion rate in past 50 \unityr along a segment of the Arctic coast of Alaska, Geology, 35, 583-586,. doi:10.1130/G23672A.1, 2009.
42. Maslanik, J A., Fowler, C., Stroeve, J., Drobot, S., Zwally, J., Yi, D., and Emery, W.: A younger, thinner Arctic ice cover: increased potential for rapid, extensive sea-ice loss, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24501,. doi:10.1029/2007GL032043, 2007.
43. Maslanik, J., Stroeve, J., Fowler, C., and Emery, W.: Distribution and trends in Arctic sea ice age through spring 2011, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13502,. doi:10.1029/2011GL047735, 2011.
44. Meier, W N. and Stroeve, J.: Comparison of sea-ice extent and ice-edge location estimates from passive microwave and enhanced-resolution scatterometer data, Ann. Glaciol., 48, 65-70,. doi:10.3189/172756408784700743, 2008.
45. Moore, L J. and Griggs, G B.: Long-term cliff retreat and erosion hotspots along the central shores of the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Mar. Geol., 181, 265-283, 2002.
46. Morton, R A., Miller, T., and Moore, L.: Historical shoreline changes along the US Gulf of Mexico: a summary of recent shoreline comparisons and analyses, J. Coastal Res., 214, 704-709,. doi:10.2112/04-0230.1, 2005.
47. Murty, T S. and Polavarapu, R J.: Influence of an ice layer on the propagation of long waves, Mar. Geodesy., 2, 99-125,. doi:10.1080/15210607909379342, 1979.
48. Overeem, I., Anderson, R S., Wobus, C W., Clow, G D., Urban, F E., and Matell, N.: Sea ice loss enhances wave action at the Arctic coast, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L17503,. doi:10.1029/2011GL048681, 2011.
49. Rearic, D M., Barnes, P W., and Reimnitz, E.: Bulldozing and resuspension of shallow-shelf sediment by ice keels: implications for Arctic sediment transport trajectories, Mar. Geol., 91, 133-147, 1990.
50. Reimnitz, E., Graves, S M., and Barnes, P W.: Beaufort Sea coastal erosion, shoreline evolution, and sediment flux, USGS Open File Report 85-380, 1985.
51. Reimnitz, E., Graves, S M., and Barnes, P W.: Beaufort Sea coastal erosion, sediment flux, shoreline evolution, and the erosional shelf profile, USGS Map 1182-G, 1988.
52. Rickets, M.: Hydrographic Survey H07921 of Smith Bay, US Coast and Geodetic Survey, ARW-4251, 1953.
53. Sadler, P M.: Sediment accumulation rates and the completeness of stratigraphic sections, J. Geol., 89, 569-584, 1981.
54. Sepp, M. and Jaagus, J.: Changes in the activity and tracks of Arctic cyclones, Clim. Change, 105, 577-595,. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9893-7, 2011.
55. Serreze, M C. and Barrett, A P.: Characteristics of the Beaufort Sea high, J. Climate, 24, 159-182,. doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3636.1, 2011.
56. Serreze, M C. and Barry, R G.: The Arctic Climate System, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005. Chack
57. Serreze, M C., Holland, M M., and Stroeve, J.: Perspectives on the Arctic's shrinking sea-ice cover, Science, 315, 1533-1536,. doi:10.1126/science.1139426, 2007.
58. Sessford, E.: Spatial and temporal analysis of Holocene coastal development: applications to erosion assessment and cultural heritage mitigation in Svalbard, Ph D. thesis, University of Oslo, 2013.
59. Solomon, S M.: Spatial and temporal variability of shoreline change in the Beaufort-Mackenzie region, Northwest Territories, Canada, Geo-Mar. Lett., 25, 127-137,. doi:10.1007/s00367-004-0194-x, 2005.
60. Squire, V A.: Of ocean waves and sea-ice revisited, Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 49, 110-133,. doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.04.007, 2007.
61. St-Hilaire-Gravel, D., Forbes, D. L., and Bell, T.: Multitemporal analysis of a gravel-dominated coastline in the Central Canadian Arctic Archipelago, J. Coastal Res., 28, 421-441,. doi:10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00020.1, 2012.
62. Stammerjohn, S., Massom, R., Rind, D., and Martinson, D.: Regions of rapid sea ice change: An inter-hemispheric seasonal comparison, Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06501,. doi:10.1029/2012GL050874, 2012.
63. Urban, F E. and Clow, G D.: Air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011, US Geological Survey Open File Report 2013-1063, 2013.
64. Urban, F E. and Clow, G D.: DOI/GTN-P climate and active-layer data acquired in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska and the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1998-2011, US Geological Survey Data Series 812,. doi:10.3133/ds812, 2014.
65. Vasiliev, A., Kanevskiy, M., Cherkashov, G., and Vanshtein, B.: Coastal dynamics at the Barents and Kara Sea key sites, Geo-Mar. Lett., 25, 110-120,. doi:10.1007/s00367-004-0192-z, 2005.
66. Wadhams, P., Squire, V A., Goodman, D J., Cowan, A M., and Moore, S C.: The attenuation rates of ocean waves in the marginal ice zone, J. Geophys. Res.-Sol. Ea., 93, 6799-6818, 1988.
67. Wobus, C., Anderson, R., Overeem, I., Matell, N., Clow, G., and Urban, F.: Thermal erosion of a permafrost coastline: improving process-based models using time-lapse photography, Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res., 43, 474-484,. doi:10.1657/1938-4246-43.3.474, 2011.
68. Zagórski, P.: Shoreline dynamics of Calypsostranda (NW Wedel Jarlsberg Land, Svalbard) during the last century, Polish Polar Res., 32, 67-99,. doi:10.2478/v10183-011-0004-x, 2011.