A critical review on condensation heat transfer in microchannels and minichannels

Journal of Nanotechnology in Engineering and Medicine

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2014, Pages

  Awad, M M ^a   Dalkilic A S ^b   Wongwises, S ^c  

^a University of Mansoura   (Egypt)

^b YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY   (Turkey)

^c KING MONGKUT'S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI   (Thailand)

Author keywords

condensation; critical review; heat transfer; microchannels; minichannels

Indexed keywords

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY; CONDENSATION; HEAT TRANSFER; REFRIGERANTS; MICROCHANNELS;

AIR-COOLED CONDENSERS; CHANNEL DIAMETERS; CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER; CRITICAL REVIEW; MINI-CHANNELS; MULTIPLE CHANNELS; SATURATION TEMPERATURE; TECHNICAL EQUIPMENTS;

MICROCHANNELS; CONDENSATION;

CARBON DIOXIDE; AMMONIA;

AIR CONDITIONING; CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; FREEZING; GENERAL DEVICE; HEAT TRANSFER; MATHEMATICAL COMPUTING; MICROCHANNEL; MINICHANNEL; PREDICTION; REVIEW; SIMULATION; TEMPERATURE; VISCOSITY; WATER VAPOR; ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS; CHEMICAL PARAMETERS; FORCE; GEOMETRY; GRAVITY; MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS; MATHEMATICAL PARAMETERS; MICROCHANNEL CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER; MINICHANNEL CONDENSATION HEAT TRANSFER; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PHYSICAL PARAMETERS; PRESSURE; SHEAR STRESS; SURFACE TENSION;

EID: 84907546389     PISSN: 19492944     EISSN: 19492952     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1115/1.4028092     Document Type: Review

References (119)

1. Majumdar, A., Peterson, G. P., and Poulikakos, D., 2002, "Foreword," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 124(2), pp. 221-222.
2. Zhang, Z. M., and Mengüç, M. P., 2007, "Special Issue on Nano/Microscale Radiative Transfer," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 129(1), pp. 1-2. (Pubitemid 46738657)
3. Cheng, P., Choi, S., Jaluria, Y., Li, D., Norris, P., and Tzou, D. Y., 2009, "Special Issue on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer-Part I," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 131(3), p. 030301.
4. Cheng, P., Choi, S., Jaluria, Y., Li, D., Norris, P., and Tzou, D. Y., 2009, "Special Issue on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer-Part II," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 131(4), p. 040301.
5. Kandlikar, S. G., 2010, "Microchannels: Rapid Growth of a Nascent Technology," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 132(4), p. 040301.
6. Cheng, P., 2013, "Foreword to Special Issue on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 134(5), p. 050301.
7. Zhang, Z., Norris, P., and Peterson, G. P., 2013, "Foreword to Special Issue on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 135(9), p. 090501.
8. Kandlikar, S. G., 2003, "Microchannels and Minichannels-History, Terminology, Classification and Current Research Needs," ASME Paper No. ICMM2003-1000.
9. Wang, H. S., and Rose, J. W., 2011, "Theory of Heat Transfer During Condensation in Microchannels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 54(11-12), pp. 2525-2534.
10. Yang, C.-Y., and Webb, R. L., 1996, "Condensation of R-12 in Small Hydraulic Diameter Extruded Aluminum Tubes With and Without Micro-Fins," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 39(4), pp. 791-800. (Pubitemid 126402919)
11. Petukhov, B. S., 1970, "Heat Transfer and Friction in Turbulent Pipe Flow With Variable Physical Properties," Adv. Heat Transfer, 6, pp. 503-564.
12. Akers, W., Deans, O. K., and Crosser, O. K., 1959, "Condensation Heat Transfer Within Horizontal Tubes," Chem. Eng. Prog. Symp. Ser., 55(29), pp. 171-176.
13. Webb, R. L., and Zhang, M., 1998, "Heat Transfer and Friction in Small Diameter Channels," Microscale Thermophys. Eng., 2(3), pp. 189-202.
14. Moser, K. W., Webb, R. L., and Na, B., 1998, "A New Equivalent Reynolds Number Model for Condensation in Smooth Tubes," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 120(2), pp. 410-417. (Pubitemid 28349195)
15. Shah, M. M., 1979, "A General Correlation for Heat Transfer During Film Condensation in Tubes," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 22(4), pp. 547-556. (Pubitemid 9440914)
16. Yan, Y. Y., and Lin, T. F., 1999, "Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of Refrigerant R-134a in a Small Pipe," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 42(4), pp. 697-708.
17. Webb, R. L., and Ermis, K., 2001, "Effect of Hydraulic Diameter on Condensation of R-134a in Flat, Extruded Aluminum Tubes," J. Enhanced Heat Transfer, 8(2), pp. 77-90. (Pubitemid 32547095)
18. Palm, B., 2001, "Heat Transfer in Microchannels," Microscale Thermophys. Eng., 5(3), pp. 155-175. (Pubitemid 33398067)
19. Zhao, T. S., and Liao, Q., 2002, "Theoretical Analysis of Film Condensation Heat Transfer Inside Vertical Mini Triangular Channels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 45(13), pp. 2829-2842. (Pubitemid 34593196)
20. Wang, W. W., Radcliff, R. N., and Christensen, R. N., 2002, "A Condensation Heat Transfer Correlation for Millimeter-Scale Tubing With Flow Regime Transition," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 26(5), pp. 473-485. (Pubitemid 34955882)
21. Riehl, R. R., Ochterbeck, J. M., and Seleghim, P., Jr., 2002, "Effects of Condensation in Microchannels With a Porous Boundary: Analytical Investigation on Heat Transfer and Meniscus Shape," J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 24(3), pp. 186-193.
22. Riehl, R. R., and Ochterbeck, J. M., 2002, "Experimental Investigation of the Convective Condensation Heat Transfer in Microchannel Flows," Proceedings of the 9th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Engineering and Sciences (ENCIT 2002), Caxambu, Minas Gerais, Brazil, Oct. 15-18, Paper No. CIT02-0495.
23. Koyama, S., Kuwahara, K., Nakashita, K., and Yamamoto, K., 2003, "An Experimental Study on Condensation of Refrigerant R134a in a Multi-Port Extruded Tube," Int. J. Refrig., 24(4), pp. 425-432.
24. Haraguchi, H., Koyama, S., and Fujii, T., 1994, "Condensation of Refrigerants HCFC22, HFC134a and HCFC123 in a Horizontal Smooth Tube (2nd Report, Proposal of Empirical Expressions for the Local Heat Transfer Coefficient)," Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. B, 60(574), pp. 245-252.
25. Mishima, K., and Hibiki, T., 1995, "Effect of Inner Diameter on Some Characteristics of Air-Water Two-Phase Flows in Capillary Tubes," Trans. Jpn. Soc. Mech. Eng., Ser. B, 61(589), pp. 99-106.
26. Garimella, S., 2004, "Condensation Flow Mechanisms in Microchannels: Basis for Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Models," Heat Transfer Eng., 25(3), pp. 104-116.
27. Shin, J. S., and Kim, M. H., 2004, "An Experimental Study of Condensation Heat Transfer inside a Mini-Channel With a New Measurement Technique," Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 30(3), pp. 311-325. (Pubitemid 38285894)
28. Haui, X., and Koyama, S., 2004, "An Experimental Study of Carbon Dioxide Condensation in Mini Channels," J. Therm. Sci., 13(4), pp. 358-365. (Pubitemid 40147503)
29. Thome, J. R., 2004, "Condensation in Micro Channels," Engineering Data Book III, Wolverine Tube, Inc., Decatur, AL, Chap. 21.
30. Shin, J. S., and Kim, M. H., 2005, "An Experimental Study of Flow Condensation Heat Transfer Inside Circular and Rectangular Mini-Channels," Heat Transfer Eng., 26(3), pp. 36-44. (Pubitemid 40308582)
31. Cavallini, A., Del Col, D., Doretti, L., Matkovic, M., Rossetto, L., and Zilio, C., 2005, "Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Gradient Inside Multiport Minichannels," Heat Transfer Eng., 26(3), pp. 45-55. (Pubitemid 40308583)
32. Cavallini, A., Doretti, L., Matkovic, M., and Rossetto, L., 2005, "Update on Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Inside Minichannels," ASME Paper No. ICMM2005-75081.
33. Cavallini, A., Doretti, L., Rossetto, L., Col, D. D., Matkovic, M., and Zilio, C., 2005, "A Model for Condensation Inside Minichannels," ASME Paper No. HT2005-72528.
34. Wang, H. S., and Rose, J. W., 2005, "A Theory of Film Condensation in Horizontal Noncircular Section Microchannels," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 127(10), pp. 1096-1105. (Pubitemid 43071367)
35. Nusselt, W., 1916, "Die Oberflächenkondensation des Wasserdampfes," Z. Ver. Dt. Ing., 60(27), pp. 541-546 and pp. 569-575.
36. Bandhauer, T. M., Agarwal, A., and Garimella, S., 2006, "Measurement and Modeling of Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficients in Circular Microchannels," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 128(10), pp. 1050-1059. (Pubitemid 44823827)
37. Traviss, D. P., Rohsenow, W. M., and Baron, A. B., 1973, "Forced-Convection Condensation Inside Tubes: A Heat Transfer Equation for Condenser Design," ASHRAE Trans., 79(1), pp. 157-165.
38. Garimella, S., Agarwal, A., and Killion, J. D., 2005, "Condensation Pressure Drop in Circular Microchannels," Heat Transfer Eng., 26(3), pp. 1-8.
39. Cavallini, A., Del Col, D., Matkovic, M., and Rossetto, L., 2006, "Local Heat Transfer Coefficient During Condensation in a 0.8 mm Diameter Pipe," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels (ICNMM2006), Limerick, Ireland, June 19-21, Vol. A, Paper No. ICNMM2006-96137, pp. 139-146.
40. Chowdhury, S., Al-Hajri, E., Dessiatoun, S., Shooshtari, A., and Ohadi, M., 2006, "An Experimental Study of Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Single High Aspect Ratio Micro-Channel for Refrigerant R134a," Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Minichannels (ICNMM2006), Limerick, Ireland, June 19-21, Vol. A, Paper No. ICNMM2006-96211, pp. 147-154.
41. Wang, H. S., and Rose, J. W., 2006, "Film Condensation in Horizontal Microchannels: Effect of Channel Shape," Int. J. Therm. Sci., 45(12), pp. 1205-1212.
42. Garimella, S., 2006, "Condensation in Minichannels and Microchannels, Kandlikar," Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Minichannels and Microchannels S. G., Garimella, S., Li, D. Colin, and S. M., King, eds., Elsevier, Oxford, UK
43. Jokar, A., Hosni, M. H., and Eckels, S. J., 2006, "Dimensional Analysis on the Evaporation and Condensation of Refrigerant R-134a in Minichannel Plate Heat Exchangers," Appl. Therm. Eng., 26(17-18), pp. 2287-2300. (Pubitemid 43928772)
44. Dessiatoun, S., Chowdhury, S., Al-hajri, E., Cetegen, E., and Ohadi, M., 2007, "Studies on Condensation of Refrigerants in a High Aspect Ratio Minichannel and in a Novel Micro-Groove Surface Heat Exchanger-Development of Micro-Condensers in Compact Two Phase Cooling Systems," Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels and Mini-channels (ICNMM2007), Puebla, Mexico, June 18-20, pp. 109-116. (Pubitemid 350264209)
45. Chen, Y., Shi, M., Cheng, P., and Peterson, G. P., 2008, "Condensation in Microchannels," Nanoscale Microscale Thermophy. Eng., 12(2), pp. 117-143.
46. Cheng, P., Wang, G., and Quan, X., 2009, "Recent Work on Boiling and Condensation in Microchannels," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 131(4), p. 043211.
47. Matkovic, M., Cavallini, A., Del Col, D., and Rossetto, L., 2009, "Experimental Study on Condensation Heat Transfer Inside a Single Circular Minichannel," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 52(9-10), pp. 2311-2323.
48. Park, C. Y., and Hrnjak, P. S., 2009, "CO2 Flow Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Multi-Port Microchannels at Low Temperatures," Int. J. Refrig., 32(6), pp. 1129-1139.
49. Akbar, M. K., Plummer, D. A, and Ghiaasiaan, S. M., 2003, "On Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Regimes in Microchannels," Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 29(5), pp. 855-865. (Pubitemid 36650233)
50. Breber, G., Palen, J. W., and Taborek, J., 1980, "Prediction of Horizontal Tubeside Condensation of Pure Components Using Flow Regime Criteria," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 102(3), pp. 471-476. (Pubitemid 11479568)
51. Thome, J. R., El Hajal, J., and Cavallini, A., 2003, "Condensation in Horizontal Tubes, Part 2: New Heat Transfer Model Based on Flow Regimes," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 46(18), pp. 3365-3387. (Pubitemid 36743378)
52. Su, Q., Yu, G. X., Wang, H. S., and Rose, J. W., 2009, "Microchannel Condensation: Correlations and Theory," Int. Refrig., 32(6), pp. 1149-1152.
53. Matkovic, M., Bortolin, S., Cavallini, A., and Del Col, D., 2009, "Experimental Study of Condensation Inside a Horizontal Single Square Mini-channel," ASME Paper No. MNHMT2009-18258.
54. Marak, K. A., 2009, "Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop for Methane and Binary Methane Fluids in Small Channels," Ph.D. thesis, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
55. Huang, X, Ding, G., Hu, H., Zhu, Y., Peng, H., Gao, Y., and Deng, B., 2010, "Influence of Oil on Flow Condensation Heat Transfer of R410A Inside 4.18 mm and 1.6 mm Inner Diameter Horizontal Smooth Tubes," Int. J. Refrig., 33(1), pp. 158-169.
56. Agarwal, A., and Garimella, S., 2010, "Representative Results for Condensation Measurements at Hydraulic Diameters 100 Microns," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 132(4), p. 041010.
57. Song, T. Y., Yu, G. X., Ma, X. H., Rose, J. W., and Wang, H. S., 2010, "Pressure Drop During Condensation in Microchannels," ASME Paper No. FEDSM-ICNMM2010-30230.
58. Keinath, B. L., and Garimella, S., 2010, "Bubble and Film Dynamics During Condensation of Refrigerants in Minichannels," Proceedings of 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC14), Washington, DC, Aug. 8-13, Vol. 2/Condensation, Paper No. IHTC14-22697, pp. 177-186.
59. Fronk, B. M., and Garimella, S., 2010, "Measurement of Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop During Condensation of Carbon Dioxide in Microscale Geometries," Proceedings of 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference (IHTC14)," Washington, DC, Aug. 8-13, Vol. 2/Condensation, Paper No. IHTC14-22987, pp. 235-243.
60. Agarwal, A., Bandhauer, T. M., and Garimella, S., 2010, "Measurement and Modeling of Condensation Heat Transfer in Non-Circular Microchannels," Int. J. Refrig., 33(6), pp. 1169-1179.
61. Agarwal, A., and Garimella, S., 2009, "Modeling of Pressure Drop During Condensation in Circular and Noncircular Microchannels," ASME J. Fluids Eng., 131(1), p. 011302.
62. Soliman, H. M., 1986, "The Mist-Annular Transition During Condensation and Its Influence on the Heat Transfer Mechanism," Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12(2), pp. 277-288. (Pubitemid 16539180)
63. Del Col, D., Torresin, D., and Cavallini, A., 2010, "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop During Condensation of the Low GWP Refrigerant R1234yf," Int. J. Refrig., 33(7), pp. 1307-1318.
64. Kuo, C. Y., and Pan, C, 2010, "Two-Phase Flow Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer During Condensation in Microchannels With Uniform and Converging Cross-Sections," J. Micromech. Microeng., 20(9), p. 095001.
65. Kuo, C. Y., and Pan, C, 2010, "The Effect of Cross-Section Design of Rectangular Microchannels on Convective Steam Condensation," J. Micromech. Microeng., 19(3), p. 035017.
66. Bortolin, S., 2010, "Two-Phase Heat Transfer Inside Minichannels," Ph.D. thesis, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
67. Cavallini, A., Bortolin, S., Del Col, D., Matkovic, M., and Rossetto, L., 2011, "Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Losses of High and Low Pressure Refrigerants Flowing in a Single Circular Minichannel," Heat Transfer Eng., 32(2), pp. 90-98.
68. Cavallini, A., Censi, G., Del Col, D., Doretti, L., Matkovic, M., Rossetto, L., and Zilio, C, 2006, "Condensation in Horizontal Smooth Tubes: A New Heat Transfer Model for Heat Exchanger Design," Heat Transfer Eng., 27(8), pp. 31-38. (Pubitemid 44114980)
69. Goss, G., Jr., Macarini, S. F., and Passos, J. C, 2011, "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop During Condensation of R-134A Inside Parallel Microchannels," ASME Paper No. AJTEC2011-44551.
70. Coleman, J. W., and Garimella, S., 2000, "Two-Phase Flow Regime Transitions in Microchannel Tube: The Effect of Hydraulic Diameter," ASME Heat Transfer Division, 366(4), pp. 71-83.
71. Park, J. E., Vakili-Farahani, F., Consolini, L., and Thome, J. R., 2011, "Experimental Study on Condensation Heat Transfer in Vertical Minichannels for New Refrigerant R1234ze(E) Versus R134a and R236fa," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 35(3), pp. 442-454.
72. Oh, H.K., and Son, C.H., 2011, "Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of R-22, R-134a and R-410A in a Single Circular Microtube," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 35(4), pp. 706-716.
73. Gnielinski, V., 1976, "New Equations for Heat and Mass Transfer in Turbulent Pipe and Channel Flow," Int. Chem. Eng., 16(2), pp. 359-368.
74. Bohdal, T., Charun, H., and Sikora, M., 2011, "Comparative Investigations of the Condensation of R134a and R404A Refrigerants in Pipe Minichannels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 54(9-10), pp. 1963-1974.
75. Guermit, T., 2011, "Simulation Study of the Condensation of Mixed Refrigerant R407d (R32/R125/R134a)," J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Sanit., 6(2), pp. 105-113.
76. Alshqirate, A. A. Z. S., Tarawneh, M., and Hammad, M., 2012, "Dimensional Analysis and Empirical Correlations for Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in Condensation and Evaporation Processes of Flow Inside Micropipes: Case Study With Carbon Dioxide (CO2)," J. Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng., 34(1), pp. 89-96.
77. Derby, M., Lee, H. J., Peles, Y., and Jensen, M. K., 2012, "Condensation Heat Transfer in Square, Triangular and Semicircular Mini-Channels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55(1-3), pp. 187-197.
78. Shah, M. M., 2009, "An Improved and Extended General Correlation for Heat Transfer During Condensation in Plain Tubes," HVAC&R Res., 15(5), pp. 889-913.
79. Kim, S. M., and Mudawar, I., 2012, "Theoretical Model for Annular Flow Condensation in Rectangular Microchannels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55(4), pp. 958-970.
80. Kim, S.-M., Kim, J., and Mudawar, I., 2012, "Flow Condensation in Parallel Micro-Channels-Part 1: Experimental Results and Assessment of Pressure Drop Correlations," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55(4), pp. 971-983.
81. Kim, S.M., and Mudawar, I., 2012, "Flow Condensation in Parallel Micro-Channels-Part 2: Heat Transfer Results and Correlation Technique," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55(4), pp. 984-994.
82. Shah, R. K., and London, A. L., 1978, "Advances in Heat Transfer," Laminar Forced Flow Convection in Ducts, Suppl. 1, Academic Press, New York.
83. Cavallini, A., Censi, G., Col, D. D., Doretti, L., Longo, G. A., and Rossetto, L., 2002, "Condensation of Halogenated Refrigerants Inside Smooth Tubes," HVAC&R Res., 8(4), pp. 429-451. (Pubitemid 35251193)
84. Kuczynski, W., Charun, H., and Bohdal, T., 2012, "Influence of Hydrody-namic Instability on the Heat Transfer Coefficient During Condensation of R134a and R404A Refrigerants in Pipe Mini-Channels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55(4), pp. 1083-1094.
85. Fronk, B. M., and Garimella, S., 2012, "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop During Condensation of Ammonia in Microchannels," ASME Paper No. MNHMT2012-75265.
86. Da Riva, E., and Del Col, D., 2012, "Numerical Simulation of Laminar Liquid Film Condensation in a Horizontal Circular Minichannel," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 134(5), p. 051019.
87. Nebuloni, S., and Thome, J. R., 2012, "Numerical Modeling of the Conjugate Heat Transfer Problem for Annular Laminar Film Condensation in Micro-channels," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 134(5), p. 051021.
88. Zhang, H.Y., Li, J.M., Liu, N., and Wang, B.X., 2012, "Experimental Investigation of Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of R22, R410A and R407C in Mini-Tubes," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 55(13-14), pp. 3522-3532.
89. Del Col, D., Bortolato, M., Bortolin, S., and Cavallini, A., 2012, "Experimental Study of Condensation inside a Square Minichannel: Effect of Channel Orientation," 8th ECI International Conference on Boiling and Condensation Heat Transfer, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland, June 3-7.
90. Del Col, D., Bortolato, M., Bortolin, S., and Azzolin, M., 2012, "Minichannel Condensation in Downward, Upward and Horizontal Configuration," J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 395(1), p. 012092.
91. Odaymet, A., Louahlia-Gualous, H., and De Labachelerie, M., 2012, "Local Heat Transfer and Flow Patterns During Condensation in a Single Silicon Microchannel," Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng., 16(4), pp. 220-241.
92. Hu, C., Li, M., Ma, Y., and Fu, X., 2012, "Analysis of Condensation Heat Transfer Model in Small Channels," Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/J. Mech. Eng., 48(24), pp. 134-140.
93. Zhang, Z., Weng, Z. L., Li, T. X., Huang, Z. C., Sun, X. H., He, Z. H., van Es, J., Pauw, A., Laudi, E., and Battiston, R., 2013, "CO2 Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop in a Mini-Channel Space Condenser," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 44, pp. 356-363.
94. Kim, S.-M., and Mudawar, I., 2013, "Universal Approach to Predicting Heat Transfer Coefficient for Condensing Mini/Micro-Channel Flow," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 56(1-2), pp. 238-250.
95. Churchill, S. W., and Usagi, R., 1972, "A General Expression for the Correlation of Rates of Transfer and Other Phenomena," Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. J., 18(6), pp. 1121-1128.
96. Awad, M. M., 2014, "Prediction of Wall Friction Factor in Horizontal Annular Flow Using the Asymptotic Method," Ann. Nucl. Energy, 65, pp. 308-313.
97. Goss, G., Jr., and Passos, J. C., 2013, "Heat Transfer During the Condensation of R134a Inside Eight Parallel Microchannels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 59, pp. 9-19.
98. Garimella, S., and Fronk, B. M., 2013, "Single-and Multi-Constituent Condensation of Fluids and Mixtures With Varying Properties in MicroChannels," Exp. Heat Transfer, 26(2-3), pp. 129-168.
99. Wang, H. S., and Rose, J. W., 2013, "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop During Laminar Annular Flow Condensation in Micro-Channels," Exp. Heat Transfer, 26(2-3), pp. 247-265.
100. Liu, N., Wang, X.-Y., and Li, J.-M., 2013, "Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer of R152a During Condensation in a Circular Microchannel," Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/J. Eng. Thermophys., 34(3), pp. 517-521.
101. Liu, N., Li, J. M., Sun, J., and Wang, H. S., 2013, "Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop during Condensation of R152a in Circular and Square Microchannels," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., 47, pp. 60-67.
102. Yun, R., Park, H., and Hwang, Y., 2013, "Inflow Condensation Heat Transfer Characteristics of CO2 in Microchannel," 8th International Conference on Multiphase Flow (ICMF 2013), Category: Multiphase Flow in Heat and Mass Transfer, Jeju, Korea, Vol. 8, May 26-31, 2013, Paper No. ICMF2013-082.
103. Heo, J., Park, H., and Yun, R., 2013, "Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of CO2 in a Microchannel," Int. J. Refrig., 36(6), pp. 1657-1668.
104. El Achkar, G., Miscevic, M., Lavieille, P., Lluc, J., and Hugon, J., 2013, "Flow Patterns and Heat Transfer in a Square Cross-Section Micro Condenser Working at Low Mass Flux," Appl. Therm. Eng., 59(1-2), pp. 704-716.
105. Ganapathy, H., Shooshtari, A., Choo, K., Dessiatoun, S., Alshehhi, M., and Ohadi, M., 2013, "Volume of Fluid-Based Numerical Modeling of Condensation Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics in Micro-channels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 65, pp. 62-72.
106. Dobson, M. K., and Chato, J. C, 1998, "Condensation in Smooth Horizontal Tubes," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 120(1), pp. 193-213.
107. Heo, J., Park, H., and Yun, R., 2013, "Comparison of Condensation Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop of CO2 in Rectangular Microchannels," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 65, pp. 719-726.
108. Rose, J., and Wang, H., 2013, "Microchannel Condensation-Comparisons of Annular Laminar Flow Theory With Detailed Measurements," ASME Paper No. MNHMT2013-22156.
109. Dang, T., and Doan, M., 2013, "An Experimental Investigation on Condensation Heat Transfer of Microchannel Heat Exchangers," Int. J. Comput. Eng. Res., 3(12), pp. 25-31.
110. Bortolin, S., Da Riva, E., and Del Col, D., 2014, "Condensation in a Square Minichannel: Application of the VOF Method," Heat Transfer Eng., 35(2), pp. 193-203.
111. Menter, F. R., 1994, "Two-Equation Eddy-Viscosity Turbulence Models for Engineering Applications," AIAA J., 32(8), pp. 1598-1605. (Pubitemid 283214)
112. Derby, M. M., Chatterjee, A., Peles, Y., and Jensen, M. K., 2014, "Flow Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Mini-Channel With Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Patterns," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 68, pp. 151-160.
113. El Mghari, H., Asbik, M., Louahlia-Gualous, H., and Voicu, I., 2014, "Condensation Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Horizontal Non-Circular Microchannel," Appl. Therm. Eng., 64(1-2), pp. 358-370.
114. Dobson, M. K., Chato, J. C, Hinde, D. K., and Wang, S. P., 1994, "Experimental Evaluation of Internal Condensation of Refrigerants R-12 and R-134a," ASHRAE Trans., 100(1), pp. 744-754.
115. Thome, J. R., and Cioncolini, A., 2014, "Unified Modeling Suite for Two-Phase Flow, Convective Boiling and Condensation in Macro-and Micro-Channels," Proceedings of the Fourth Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), University College London (UCL), London, UK, Sept. 7-10.
116. Kandlikar, S. G., Colin, S., Peles, Y., Garimella, S., Pease, R. F., Brandner, J. J., and Tuckerman, D. B., 2013, "Heat Transfer in Microchannels-2012 Status and Research Needs," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 135(9), p. 091001.
117. Pardinas, A A, Fernândez-Seara, J., Pineiro-Pontevedra, C, and Bastos, S., 2014, "Experimental Determination of the Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of R-134a and R-417A on a Smooth Copper Tube," Heat Transfer Eng., 35(16-17), pp. 1427-1434.
118. Lee, H., Mudawar, I., and Hasan, M. M., 2013, "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Annular Flow Condensation in Microgravity," Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 61, pp. 293-309.
119. Lee, H., Park, I., Konishi, C, Mudawar, I., May, R. I., Juergens, J. R., Wagner, J. D., Hall, N. R., Nahra, H. K., Hasan, M. M., and Mackey, J. R., 2014, "Experimental Investigation of Flow Condensation in Microgravity," ASME J. Heat Transfer, 136(2), p. 021502.