Coliform bacteria as indicators of diarrheal risk in household drinking water: Systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE

Volumn 9, Issue 9, 2014, Pages

  Gruber, Joshua S ^a   Ercumen, Ayse ^a   Colford, John M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DRINKING WATER;

ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; COHORT ANALYSIS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIARRHEA; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SURVEILLANCE; DOSE RESPONSE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; EXPOSURE; FECAL COLIFORM; HOUSEHOLD; HUMAN; INDICATOR ORGANISM; META ANALYSIS; NONHUMAN; SELF REPORT; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER CONTAMINATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SAMPLING; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; FAMILY SIZE; FECES; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; PROCEDURES; REPRODUCIBILITY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR;

DIARRHEA; DRINKING WATER; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; ESCHERICHIA COLI; FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS; FECES; HUMANS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; WATER QUALITY;

EID: 84907457655     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107429     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Dufour AP (2003) Assessing microbial safety of drinking water: Improving approaches and methods: International Water Assn.
2. WHO (2011) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, fourth edition. Geneva: World Health Organization.
3. Cutler D, Miller G (2005) The role of public health improvements in health advances: The twentieth-century United States. Demography 42: 1-22.
4. Arnold BF, Colford JM Jr (2007) Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 76: 354.
5. Clasen T, Schmidt WP, Rabie T, Roberts I., Cairncross S (2007) Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea: systematic review and meta-analysis. bmj 334: 782.
6. Fewtrell L, Kaufmann RB, Kay D, Enanoria W., Haller L, et al. (2005) Water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions to reduce diarrhoea in less developed countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet infectious diseases 5: 42-52.
7. National Research Council (2004) Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
8. Gundry S, Wright J, Conroy R (2004) A systematic review of the health outcomes related to household water quality in developing countries. J Water Health 2: 1-13.
9. Gerba C (2000) Indicator Microogranisms. Environmental Microbiology. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
10. Leclerc H, Mossel D, Edberg S., Struijk C (2001) Advances in the bacteriology of the coliform group: their suitability as markers of microbial water safety. Annual Reviews in Microbiology 55: 201-234.
11. Reynolds KA, K.D Mena, Gerba CP (2008) Risk of waterborne illness via drinking water in the United States. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 192: 117-158.
12. Tallon P, Magajna B, Lofranco C., Leung KT (2005) Microbial indicators of faecal contamination in water: a current perspective. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 166: 139-166.
13. Ashbolt NJ, Grabow WOK, Snozzi M (2001) Indicators of microbial water quality. In: Fewtrell L, Bartram J, editors. Water Quality: Guidelines, Standards and Health. London, UK: IWA Publishing.
14. WHO (1997) Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2nd edition. Geneva: World Health Organization.
15. Brown JM, Proum S, Sobsey MD (2008) Escherichia coli in household drinking water and diarrheal disease risk: evidence from Cambodia. Water Science and Technology 58: 757-763.
16. de Aceituno AMF, Stauber CE, Walters AR, Sanchez REM, Sobsey MD (2012) A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Plastic-Housing BioSand Filter and Its Impact on Diarrheal Disease in Copan, Honduras. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 86: 913-921.
17. Gundry SW, Wright JA, Conroy R.M., Du Preez M, Genthe B, et al. (2009) Child dysentery in the Limpopo Valley: A cohort study of water, sanitation and hygiene risk factors. Journal of Water and Health 7: 259-266.
18. Jensen PK, Jayasinghe G, van der Hoek W, Cairncross S, Dalsgaard A (2004) Is there an association between bacteriological drinking water quality and childhood diarrhoea in developing countries? Trop Med Int Health 9: 1210-1215.
19. Levy K, Nelson KL, Hubbard A, Eisenberg JN (2012) Rethinking indicators of microbial drinking water quality for health studies in tropical developing countries: case study in northern coastal Ecuador. Am J Trop Med Hyg 86: 499-507.
20. Raina PS, Pollari FL, Teare G.F., Goss MJ, Barry DA, et al. (1999) The relationship between E. coli indicator bacteria in well-water and gastrointestinal illnesses in rural families. Can J Public Health 90: 172-175.
21. Strauss B, King W, Ley A., Hoey JR (2001) A prospective study of rural drinking water quality and acute gastrointestinal illness. BMC Public Health 1: 8.
22. Rothman K, Greenland S, (1998) Modern Epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
23. Moe C, Sobsey M, Samsa G., Mesolo V (1991) Bacterial indicators of risk of diarrhoeal disease from drinking-water in the Philippines. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 69: 305.
24. Greenland S, Longnecker MP (1992) Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology 135: 1301-1309.
25. Egger M, Smith G Davey, Altman D (2001) Systematic Reviews in Healthcare. Meta-analysis in Context. London: BMJ Books.
26. Egger M, Smith GD, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. bmj 315: 629-634.
27. Sterne JAC, Egger M (2001) Funnel plots for detecting bias in meta-analysis: Guidelines on choice of axis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 54: 1046-1055.
28. Genthe B, Strauss N, Seager J., Vundule C, Maforah F, et al. (1997) The effect of type of water supply on water quality in a developing community in South Africa. Water Science and Technology 35: 35-40.
29. Echeverria P, Taylor DN, Seriwatana J (1987) Potential sources of enterotoxi-genic Escherichia coli in homes of children with diarrhoea in Thailand. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 65: 207-215.
30. Baqui AH, Black RE, Yunus M, Hoque ARA, Chowdhury H, et al. (1991) Methodological issues in diarrhoeal diseases epidemiology: definition of diarrhoeal episodes. International journal of epidemiology 20: 1057.
31. WHO (2013) Diarrhoeal disease; fact sheet.
32. Rajasekaran P, Dutt PR, Pisharoti KA (1977) Impact of Water Supply on the Incidence of Diarrhoea and Shigellosis Among Children in Rural Communities in Madurai. Indian J Med Res 66: 189-199.
33. Lloyd-Evans N, Pickering HA, Goh SGJ, Rowland MGM (1984) Food and Water Hygiene and Diarrhoea in Young Gambian Children: a Limited Case Control Study. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 78: 209-211.
34. Black RE, Brown KH, Becker S, Alim A.R., Merson MH (1982) Contamination of weaning foods and transmission of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea in children in rural Bangladesh. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 76: 259-264.
35. Bhargava A, Bouis HE, Hallman K, Hoque BA (2003) Coliforms in the water and hemoglobin concentration are predictors of gastrointestinal morbidity of Bangladeshi children ages 1-10 years. American journal of human biology 15: 209-219.
36. Esrey SA, Habicht J, Casella G., Miliotis MD, Kidd AH, et al. (1986) Infection, Diarrha, and Growth Rates of Young Children Following the Installation of Village Water Supplies in Lesotho. Interanation Symptosium on Water-Related Health Issues November: 11-16.
37. Henry FJ, Rahim Z (1990) Transmission of diarrhoea in two crowded areas with different sanitary facilities in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Trop Med Hyg 93: 121-126.
38. Knight SM, Toodayan W, Caique W.C., Kyi W., Barnes A, et al. (1992) Risk factors for the transmission of diarrhoea in children: a case-control study in rural Malaysia. Int J Epidemiol 21: 812-818.
39. Han AM, Oo KN, Aye T, Hlaing T (1991) Bacteriologic studies of food and water consumed by children in Myanmar: 2 Lack of association between diarrhoea and contamination of food and water. J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 9: 91-93.
40. Henry F, Huttly S, Patwary Y., Aziz K (1990) Environmental sanitation, food and water contamination and diarrhoea in rural Bangladesh. Epidemiology and infection London, New York NY 104: 253-259.
41. Vanderslice J, Briscoe J (1993) All Coliforms Are Not Created Equal - a Comparison of the Effects of Water Source and in-House Water Contamination on Infantile Diarrheal Disease. Water Resources Research 29: 1983-1995.
42. Jagals P, Grabow WOK, Williams E (1997) The effects of supplied water quality on human health in an urban development with limited basic subsistence facilities. Water Sa 23: 373-378.
43. Sobsey MD (1989) Inactivation of health-related microorganisms in water by disinfection processes. Water Science & Technology 21: 179-195.
44. Levy K, Hubbard AE, Nelson K.L., Eisenberg JN (2009) Drivers of water quality variability in northern coastal Ecuador. Environmental science & technology 43: 1788-1797.
45. Levy K, Nelson KL, Hubbard A, Eisenberg JN (2008) Following the water: a controlled study of drinking water storage in northern coastal Ecuador. Environmental health perspectives 116: 1533.
46. Wu J, Long S, Das D., Dorner S (2011) Are microbial indicators and pathogens correlated? A statistical analysis of 40 years of research. J Water Health 9: 265-278.
47. Feachem RG, McGarry MG, Mara DD (1977) Water, wastes and health in hot climates: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
48. Wood L, Egger M, Gluud L.L., Schulz KF, Jüni P, et al. (2008) Empirical evidence of bias in treatment effect estimates in controlled trials with different interventions and outcomes: meta-epidemiological study. bmj 336: 601-605.
49. Arnold BF, Galiani S, Ram P.K., Hubbard AE, Briceño B, et al. (2013) Optimal recall period for caregiver-reported illness in risk factor and intervention studies: A multicountry study. American journal of epidemiology 177: 361-370.
50. Crump JA, Mendoza CE, Priest J.W., Glass RI, Monroe SS, et al. (2007) Comparing serologic response against enteric pathogens with reported diarrhea to assess the impact of improved household drinking water quality. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77: 136.
51. Schmidt W-P, Cairncross S (2009) Household Water Treatment in Poor Populations: Is There Enough Evidence for Scaling up Now? Environmental science & technology 43: 986-992.
52. Schmidt W-P, Arnold B.F., Boisson S., Genser B, Luby SP, et al. (2011) Epidemiological methods in diarrhoea studies-an update. Int J Epidemiol 40: 1678-1692.
53. Berk RA, Freedman DA (2003) Statistical assumptions as empirical commitments: Law, Punishment, and Social Control: Essays in Honor of Sheldon Messinger, 2nd edn. Aldine de Gruyter.