Blind source identification from the multichannel surface electromyogram

Physiological Measurement

Volumn 35, Issue 7, 2014, Pages R143-R165

  Holobar, A ^a   Farina, D ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MARIBOR   (Slovenia)

^b BERNSTEIN CENTER FOR COMPUTATIONAL NEUROSCIENCE   (Germany)

Author keywords

Activation primitives; Decomposition; Factorization; Motor unit; Muscle synergies; Neural drive to muscles; Surface EMG

Indexed keywords

BLIND SOURCE SEPARATION; BRAIN; CHEMICAL ACTIVATION; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; MIXING; NEURONS;

ACTIVATION PRIMITIVE; BLIND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION; ELECTRICAL ACTIVITIES; MIXING PROCESS; MOTOR NEURONS; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE SYNERGIES; NEURAL DRIVE TO MUSCLE; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SURFACE ELECTROMYOGRAM;

MUSCLE;

ACTION POTENTIAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; MOTONEURON; PHYSIOLOGY; REVIEW; SIGNAL PROCESSING; SKELETAL MUSCLE; SPINAL CORD;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MOTOR NEURONS; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; SIGNAL PROCESSING, COMPUTER-ASSISTED; SPINAL CORD;

EID: 84907079268     PISSN: 09673334     EISSN: 13616579     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/7/R143     Document Type: Review

References (105)

1. Benito-León J and Louis E D 2006 Essential tremor: emerging views of a common disorder Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 2 666-78
2. Bernstein N A 1967 The Co-Ordination and Regulation of Movements (New York: Pergamon)
3. Blok J H, Van Dijk J P, Zwarts M J and Stegeman D F 2005 Motor unit action potential topography and its use in motor unit number estimation Muscle Nerve 32 280-91
4. Brittain J S and Brown P 2013 The many roads to tremor Exp. Neurol. 250C 104-7
5. Cardoso J F 1999 High-order contrasts for independent component analysis Neural Comput. 11 157-92
6. Cescon C, Mesin L, Nowakowski M and Merletti R 2011 Geometry assessment of anal sphincter muscle based on monopolar multichannel surface EMG signals J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 21 394-401
7. Cichocki A and Amari S 2002 Adaptive Blind Signal and Image Processing 1st edn (Chichester: Wiley)
8. Clancy E A and Hogan N 1999 Probability density of the surface electromyogram and its relation to amplitude detectors IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 46 730-9
9. Comon P and Jutten C 2010 Handbook of Blind Source Separation Independent Component Analysis and Blind Deconvolution (Oxford: Academic)
10. D'Avella A, Fernandez L, Portone A and Lacquaniti F 2008 Modulation of phasic and tonic muscle synergies with reaching direction and speed J. Neurophysiol. 100 1433-54
11. D'Avella A, Portone A, Fernandez L and Lacquaniti F 2006 Control of fast-reaching movements by muscle synergy combinations J. Neurosci. 26 7791-810
12. D'Avella A, Saltiel P and Bizzi E 2003 Combinations of muscle synergies in the construction of a natural motor behavior Nat. Neurosci. 6 300-8
13. De Luca C J, Adam A, Wotiz R, Gilmore L D and Nawab S H 2006 Decomposition of surface EMG signals J. Neurophysiol. 96 1646-57
14. De Luca C J, LeFever R S, McCue M P and Xenakis A P 1982 Control scheme governing concurrently active human motor units during voluntary contractions J. Physiol. (Lond.) 329 129-42
15. De Luca C J and Merletti R 1988 Surface myoelectric signal cross-talk among muscles of the leg Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 69 568-75
16. De Luca C J, Roy A M and Erim Z 1993 Synchronization of motor-unit firings in several human muscles J. Neurophysiol. 70 2010-23
17. Djuwari D, Kumar D K, Naik G R, Arjunan S P and Palaniswami M 2006 Limitations and applications of ICA for surface electromyogram Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 46 295-309
18. Evans H B, Pan Z, Parker P A and Scott R N 1984 Signal processing for proportional myoelectric control IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 31 207-11
19. Farina D and Merletti R 2001 Effect of electrode shape on spectral features of surface detected motor unit action potentials Acta. Physiol. Pharmacol. Bulg. 26 63-6
20. Farina D and Negro F 2012 Accessing the neural drive to muscle and translation to neurorehabilitation technologies IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng. 5 3-14
21. Farina D and Rainoldi A 1999 Compensation of the effect of sub-cutaneous tissue layers on surface EMG: a simulation study Med. Eng. Phys. 21 487-97
22. Farina D, Cescon C and Merletti R 2002 Influence of anatomical, physical, and detection-system parameters on surface EMG Biol. Cybern. 86 445-56
23. Farina D, Févotte C, Doncarli C and Merletti R 2004a Blind separation of linear instantaneous mixtures of nonstationary surface myoelectric signals IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51 1555-67
24. Farina D, Gazzoni M and Camelia F 2004b Low-threshold motor unit membrane properties vary with contraction intensity during sustained activation with surface EMG visual feedback J. Appl. Physiol. 96 1505-15
25. Farina D, Holobar A, Merletti R and Enoka R M 2010 Decoding the neural drive to muscles from the surface electromyogram Clin. Neurophysiol. 121 1616-23
26. Farina D, Lucas M F and Doncarli C 2008 Optimized wavelets for blind separation of nonstationary surface myoelectric signals IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 55 78-86
27. Farina D, Mesin L, Martina S and Merletti R 2004c A surface EMG generation model with multilayer cylindrical description of the volume conductor IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51 415-26
28. Farina D, Negro F and Jiang N 2013 Identification of common synaptic inputs to motor neurons from the rectified electromyogram J. Physiol. 591 2403-18
29. Fuglevand A J, Winter D A and Patla A E 1993 Models of recruitment and rate coding organization in motor-unit pools J. Neurophysiol. 70 2470-88
30. García G A, Okuno R and Akazawa K 2005 A decomposition algorithm for surface electrode-array electromyogram. A noninvasive, three-step approach to analyze surface EMG signals IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Mag. 24 63-72
31. Georgiev P, Theis F and Cichocki A 2005 Sparse component analysis and blind source separation of underdetermined mixtures IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 16 992-6
32. Gizzi L, Nielsen J F, Felici F, Ivanenko Y P and Farina D 2011 Impulses of activation but not motor modules are preserved in the locomotion of subacute stroke patients J. Neurophysiol. 106 202-10
33. Gizzi L, Nielsen J F, Felici F, Moreno J C, Pons J L and Farina D 2012 Motor modules in robot-aided walking J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 9 76
34. Gosselin B 2011 Recent advances in neural recording microsystems Sensors (Basel) 11 4572-97
35. Hannan M A, Abbas S M, Samad S A and Hussain A 2012 Modulation techniques for biomedical implanted devices and their challenges Sensors (Basel) 12 297-319
36. Hogan N and Mann R W 1980 Myoelectric signal processing: optimal estimation applied to electromyography - part I: derivation of the optimal myoprocessor IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 27 382-95
37. Holobar A and Zazula D 2004 Correlation-based decomposition of surface electromyograms at low contraction forces Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 42 487-95
38. Holobar A and Zazula D 2007a Multichannel blind source separation using convolution kernel compensation IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 55 4487-96
39. Holobar A and Zazula D 2007b Gradient convolution kernel compensation applied to surface electromyograms Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 4666 617-24
40. Holobar A, Farina D, Gazzoni M, Merletti R and Zazula D 2009 Estimating motor unit discharge patterns from high-density surface electromyogram Clin. Neurophysiol. 120 551-62
41. Holobar A, Glaser V, Gallego J A, Dideriksen J L and Farina D 2012 Non-invasive characterization of motor unit behaviour in pathological tremor J. Neural. Eng. 9 056011
42. Holobar A, Minetto M A and Farina D 2014 Accurate identification of motor unit discharge patterns from high-density surface EMG and validation with a novel signal-based performance metric J. Neural Eng. 11 016008
43. Holobar A, Minetto M A, Botter A, Negro F and Farina D 2010 Experimental analysis of accuracy in the identification of motor unit spike trains from high-density surface EMG IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 18 221-9
44. Hoyer P 2004 Non-negative matrix factorization with sparseness constraints J. Mach. Learn. Res. 5 1457-69
45. Hyvärinen A 1999 Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 10 626-34
46. Hyvärinen A, Karhunen J and Oja E 2001 Independent Component Analysis (New York: Wiley-Interscience) pp 147-64
47. Ivanenko Y P, Cappellini G, Dominici N, Poppele R E and Lacquaniti F 2007 Modular control of limb movements during human locomotion J. Neurosci. 27 11149-61
48. Ivanenko Y P, Poppele R E and Lacquaniti F 2004 Five basic muscle activation patterns account for muscle activity during human locomotion J. Physiol. (Lond.) 556 267-82
49. Jensen M B, Manresa J A B, Frahm K S and Andersen O K 2013 Analysis of muscle fiber conduction velocity enables reliable detection of surface EMG crosstalk during detection of nociceptive withdrawal reflexes. BMC Neurosci. 14 39
50. Jiang N and Farina D 2011 Covariance and time-scale methods for blind separation of delayed sources IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 58 550-6
51. Jiang N, Englehart K B and Parker P A 2009 Extracting simultaneous and proportional neural control information for multiple-DOF prostheses from the surface electromyographic signal IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 56 1070-80
52. Jiang N, Rehbaum H, Vujaklija I, Graimann B and Farina D 2014 Intuitive, online, simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control over two degrees of freedom in upper limb amputees IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 22 501-10
53. Jiang N, Vest-Nielsen J L G, Muceli S and Farina D 2012 EMG-based simultaneous and proportional estimation of wrist/hand kinematics in uni-lateral trans-radial amputees J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 9 42
54. Kuiken T A, Li G, Lock B A, Lipschutz R D, Miller L A, Stubblefield K A and Englehart K B 2009 Targeted muscle reinnervation for real-time myoelectric control of multifunction artificial arms JAMA 301 619-28
55. Lacquaniti F, Ivanenko Y P and Zago M 2012 Patterned control of human locomotion J. Physiol. 590 2189-99
56. Lee D D and Seung H S 1999 Learning the parts of objects by non-negative matrix factorization Nature 401 788-91
57. Lee D D and Seung H S 2001 Algorithms for non-negative matrix factorization Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 13 556-62
58. Léouffre M, Quaine F and Servière C 2013 Testing of instantaneity hypothesis for blind source separation of extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi surface electromyograms J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 23 908-15
59. Lindstrom L H and Magnusson R I 1977 Interpretation of myoelectric power spectra: a model and its applications Proc. IEEE 65 653-62
60. Ling S M, Conwit R A, Talbot L, Shermack M, Wood J E, Dredge E M, Weeks M J, Abernethy D R and Metter E J 2007 Electromyographic patterns suggest changes in motor unit physiology associated with early osteoarthritis of the knee Osteoarthr. Cartil. 15 1134-40
61. Lorrain T, Jiang N and Farina D 2011 Influence of the training set on the accuracy of surface EMG classification in dynamic contractions for the control of multifunction prostheses J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 8 25
62. Marateb H R, McGill K C, Holobar A, Lateva Z C, Mansourian M and Merletti R 2011 Accuracy assessment of CKC high-density surface EMG decomposition in biceps femoris muscle J. Neural. Eng. 8 066002
63. McGill K C, Lateva Z C and Marateb H R 2005 EMGLAB: an interactive EMG decomposition program J. Neurosci. Methods. 149 121-33
64. Meigal A Y, Rissanen S M, Tarvainen M P, Airaksinen O, Kankaanpää M and Karjalainen P A 2013 Non-linear EMG parameters for differential and early diagnostics of Parkinson's disease Front. Neurol. 4 135
65. Merletti R and Parker P J 2004 Electromyography: Physiology, Engineering, and Non-Invasive Applications (Piscataway, NJ: IEEE)
66. Merletti R, Aventaggiato M, Botter A, Holobar A, Marateb H and Vieira T M M 2010 Advances in surface EMG: recent progress in detection and processing techniques Crit. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 38 305-45
67. Minetto M A, Holobar A, Botter A and Farina D 2013 Origin and development of muscle cramps Exerc. Sport. Sci. Rev. 41 3-10
68. Minetto M A, Rainoldi A and Jabre J F 2007 The clinical use of macro and surface electromyography in diagnosis and follow-up of endocrine and drug-induced myopathies J. Endocrinol. Invest. 30 791-6
69. Moreno J C, Barroso F, Farina D, Gizzi L, Santos C, Molinari M and Pons J L 2013 Effects of robotic guidance on the coordination of locomotion J. Neuroeng. Rehabil. 10 79
70. Muceli S and Farina D 2012 Simultaneous and proportional estimation of hand kinematics from EMG during mirrored movements at multiple degrees-of-freedom IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 20 371-8
71. Muceli S, Boye A T, D'Avella A and Farina D 2010 Identifying representative synergy matrices for describing muscular activation patterns during multidirectional reaching in the horizontal plane J. Neurophysiol. 103 1532-42
72. Muceli S, Jiang N and Farina D 2014 Extracting signals robust to electrode number and shift for online simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control by factorization algorithms IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 22 623-33
73. Mussa-Ivaldi F A, Giszter S F and Bizzi E 1994 Linear combinations of primitives in vertebrate motor control Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91 7534-8
74. Naik G R and Kumar D K 2012 Identification of hand and finger movements using multi run ICA of surface electromyogram J. Med. Syst. 36 841-51
75. Naik G R, Arjunan S and Kumar D 2011 Applications of ICA and fractal dimension in sEMG signal processing for subtle movement analysis: a review Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 34 179-93
76. Naik G R, Kumar D K and Palaniswami M 2008 Surface EMG based hand gesture identification using semi blind ICA: validation of ICA matrix analysis Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 48 169-80
77. Nakamura H, Yoshida M, Kotani M, Akazawa K and Moritani T 2004a The application of independent component analysis to the multi-channel surface electromyographic signals for separation of motor unit action potential trains: part I-measuring techniques J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 14 423-32
78. Nakamura H, Yoshida M, Kotani M, Akazawa K and Moritani T 2004b The application of independent component analysis to the multi-channel surface electromyographic signals for separation of motor unit action potential trains: part II-modelling interpretation J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 14 433-41
79. Nawab S H, Chang S S and De Luca C J 2010 High-yield decomposition of surface EMG signals Clin. Neurophysiol. 121 1602-15
80. Neblett R, Brede E, Mayer T G and Gatchel R J 2013 What is the best surface EMG measure of lumbar flexion-relaxation for distinguishing chronic low back pain patients from pain-free controls? Clin. J. Pain 29 334-40
81. Negro F and Farina D 2011 Linear transmission of cortical oscillations to the neural drive to muscles is mediated by common projections to populations of motoneurons in humans J. Physiol. 589 629-37
82. Oliveira A S, Silva P B, Lund M E, Kersting U G and Farina D 2013 Fast changes in direction during human locomotion are executed by impulsive activation of motor modules Neuroscience 228 283-93
83. Overduin S A, D'Avella A, Roh J and Bizzi E 2008 Modulation of muscle synergy recruitment in primate grasping J. Neurosci. 28 880-92
84. Pantall A, Durham S and Ewins D 2011 Surface electromyographic activity of five residual limb muscles recorded during isometric contraction in transfemoral amputees with osseointegrated prostheses Clin. Biomech. 26 760-5
85. Raasch C C and Zajac F E 1999 Locomotor strategy for pedaling: muscle groups and biomechanical functions J. Neurophysiol. 82 515-25
86. Radeke J, van Dijk J P, Holobar A and Lapatki B G 2014 Electrophysiological method for examining the muscle fiber architecture of the upper lip in cleft-lip subjects, J. Orofac. Orthop. 75 51-61
87. Richard P D, Gander R E, Parker P A and Scott R N 1983 Multistate myoelectric control: the feasibility of 5-state control J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 20 84-6
88. Roeleveld K, Stegeman D F, Falck B and Sta˚lberg E V 1997a Motor unit size estimation: confrontation of surface EMG with macro EMG Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 105 181-8
89. Roeleveld K, Stegeman D F, Vingerhoets H M and Van Oosterom A 1997b The motor unit potential distribution over the skin surface and its use in estimating the motor unit location Acta Physiol. Scand. 161 465-72
90. Roh J, Rymer W Z and Beer R F 2012 Robustness of muscle synergies underlying three-dimensional force generation at the hand in healthy humans J. Neurophysiol. 107 2123-42
91. Sanger T D 2008 Use of surface electromyography (EMG) in the diagnosis of childhood hypertonia: a pilot study J. Child. Neurol. 23 644-8
92. Sartori M, Gizzi L, Lloyd D G and Farina D 2013 A musculoskeletal model of human locomotion driven by a low dimensional set of impulsive excitation primitives Front. Comput. Neurosci. 7 79
93. Staudenmann D, Daffertshofer A, Kingma I, Stegeman D F and van Dieën J H 2007 Independent component analysis of high-density electromyography in muscle force estimation IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54 751-4
94. Theis F J and García G A 2006 On the use of sparse signal decomposition in the analysis of multichannel surface electromyograms Signal Process. 86 603-23
95. Ting L H and Macpherson J M 2005 A limited set of muscle synergies for force control during a postural task J. Neurophysiol. 93 609-13
96. Torres-Oviedo G and Ting L H 2010 Subject-specific muscle synergies in human balance control are consistent across different biomechanical contexts J. Neurophysiol. 103 3084-98
97. Torres-Oviedo G, Macpherson J M and Ting L H 2006 Muscle synergy organization is robust across a variety of postural perturbations J. Neurophysiol. 96 1530-46
98. Tresch M C, Cheung V C and D'Avella A 2006 Matrix factorization algorithms for the identification of muscle synergies: evaluation on simulated and experimental data sets J. Neurophysiol. 95 2199-212
99. Vaiman M and Krakovski D 2012 EMG assessment of analgesia in treatment of posttonsillectomy pain: random allocation, preliminary report Clin. J. Pain 28 143-8
100. Watanabe K, Gazzoni M, Holobar A, Miyamoto T, Fukuda K, Merletti R and Moritani T 2013 Motor unit firing pattern of vastus lateralis muscle in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients Muscle Nerve 48 806-13
101. Watanabe K, Miyamoto T, Tanaka Y, Fukuda K and Moritani T 2012 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients manifest characteristic spatial EMG potential distribution pattern during sustained isometric contraction Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 97 468-73
102. Woźniak K, Pia¸tkowska D, Lipski M and Mehr K 2013 Surface electromyography in orthodontics - a literature review Med. Sci. Monit. 19 416-23
103. Zariffa J, Steeves J and Pai D K 2012 Changes in hand muscle synergies in subjects with spinal cord injury: characterization and functional implications J. Spinal. Cord. Med. 35 310-18
104. Zhang Q, Jonasson C and Styf J 2011 Simultaneous intramuscular pressure and surface electromyography measurement in diagnosing the chronic compartment syndrome Scand. J. Med. Sci. Sports 21 190-5
105. Zhang X, Barkhaus P, Rymer W and Zhou P 2013 Machine learning for supporting diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using surface electromyogram IEEE Trans. Neural. Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 22 96-103