On the misinterpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation in CMIP5 models

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 43, Issue 5-6, 2014, Pages 1497-1511

  Davini, Paolo ^a   Cagnazzo, Chiara ^a  

^a CNR   (Italy)

Author keywords

Atlantic jet stream; Atmospheric blocking; CMIP5; North Atlantic Oscillation

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC BLOCKING; CLIMATE MODELING; GREENHOUSE GAS; JET STREAM; NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION;

ARCTIC; GREENLAND;

EID: 84906941614     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-013-1970-y     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ambaum M, Hoskins B, Stephenson D (2001) Arctic oscillation or North Atlantic Oscillation? J Clim 14(16): 3495-3507.
2. Anstey JA, Davini P, Gray LJ, Woollings TJ, Butchart N, Cagnazzo C, Christiansen B, Hardiman SC, Osprey SM, Yang S (2013) Multi-model analysis of Northern Hemisphere winter blocking: model biases and the role of resolution. J Geophys Res Atmos 118: 3956-3971.
3. Athanasiadis P, Wallace J, Wettstein J (2010) Patterns of wintertime jet stream variability and their relation to the storm tracks. J Atmos Sci 67(5): 1361-1381.
4. Barnes E, Hartmann D (2010) Dynamical feedbacks and the persistence of the NAO. J Atmos Sci 67: 851-864.
5. Barnes E, Hartmann D (2011) Rossby Wave scales, propagation, and the variability of eddy-driven jets. J Atmos Sci 68(12): 2893-2908.
6. Barnes E, Hartmann D (2012) Detection of Rossby wave breaking and its response to shifts of the midlatitude jet with climate change. J Geophys Res 117(D9): D09, 117.
7. Barnes EA, Polvani L (2013) Response of the midlatitude jets, and of their variability, to increased greenhouse gases in the CMIP5 models. J Clim 26: 7117-7135.
8. Benedict J, Lee S, Feldstein S (2004) Synoptic view of the North Atlantic Oscillation. J Atmos Sci 61(2): 121-144.
9. Berrisford P, Hoskins B, Tyrlis E (2007) Blocking and Rossby wave breaking on the dynamical tropopause in the Southern Hemisphere. J Atmos Sci 64: 2881-2898.
10. Casado M, Pastor M (2012) Use of variability modes to evaluate AR4 climate models over the Euro-Atlantic region. Clim Dyn 38(1): 225-237.
11. Cassou C, Terray L, Hurrell J, Deser C (2004) North Atlantic winter climate regimes: spatial asymmetry, stationarity with time, and oceanic forcing. J Clim 17: 1055-1067.
12. Compo G, Whitaker J, Sardeshmukh P, Matsui N, Allan R, Yin X, Gleason B, Vose R, Rutledge G, Bessemoulin P et al (2011) The Twentieth Century Reanalysis project. Q J R Meteorol Soc 137(654): 1-28.
13. Croci-Maspoli M, Schwierz C, Davies H (2007) Atmospheric blocking: space-time links to the NAO and PNA. Clim Dyn 29: 713-725.
14. Davini P, Cagnazzo C, Gualdi S, Navarra A (2012) Bidimensional diagnostics, variability and trends of Northern Hemisphere blocking. J Clim 25(19): 6509-6996.
15. Davini P, Cagnazzo C, Neale R, Tribbia J (2012) Coupling between Greenland blocking and the North Atlantic Oscillation pattern. Geophys Res Lett 39(14): L14, 701.
16. Dommenget D, Latif M (2002) A cautionary note on the interpretation of EOFs. J Clim 15(2): 216-225.
17. Dunn-Sigouin E, Son SW (2013) Northern Hemisphere blocking frequency and duration in the CMIP5 models. J Geophys Res Atmos.
18. Franzke C, Lee S, Feldstein S (2004) Is the North Atlantic Oscillation a breaking wave? J Atmos Sci 61: 145-160.
19. Gillett N, Graf H, Osborn T (2003) Climate change and the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Monogr Ser 134: 193-210.
20. Handorf D, Dethloff K (2012) How well do state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation models reproduce atmospheric teleconnection patterns? Tellus A 64(19777): 1-27.
21. Hurrell J, Kushnir Y, Ottersen G, Visbeck M (2003) An overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Geophys Monogr Ser 134: 1-36.
22. Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, Collins W, Deaven D, Gandin L, Iredell M, Saha S, White G, Woollen J, Zhu Y, Chelliah M, Ebisuzaki W, Higgins W, Janowiak J, Mo KC, Ropelewski C, Wang J, Leetmaa A, Reynolds R, Jenne R, Joseph D (1996) The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 77: 437-471.
23. Kunz T, Fraedrich K, Lunkeit F (2009) Impact of synoptic-scale wave breaking on the NAO and its connection with the stratosphere in ERA-40. J Clim 22(20): 5464-5480.
24. Masato G, Hoskins BJ, Woollings T (2013) Winter and summer Northern hemisphere blocking in CMIP5 models. J Clim 26: 7044-7059.
25. McIntyre ME, Palmer T (1983) Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere. Nature 305: 593-600.
26. Monahan AH, Fyfe JC (2006) On the nature of zonal jet EOFs. J Clim 19(24): 6409-6424.
27. Monahan AH, Fyfe JC, Ambaum MH, Stephenson DB, North GR (2009) Empirical orthogonal functions: the medium is the message. J Clim 22(24): 6501-6514.
28. Nakamura H, Wallace JM (1991) Skewness of low-frequency fluctuations in the tropospheric circulation during the Northern hemisphere winter. J Atmos Sci 48(12): 1441-1448.
29. Pelly J, Hoskins B (2003) A new perspective on blocking. J Atmos Sci 60: 743-755.
30. Peters D, Waugh D (1996) Influence of barotropic shear on the poleward advection of upper-tropospheric air. J Atmos Sci 53: 3013-3031.
31. Rex D (1950) Blocking action in the middle troposphere and its effect upon regional climate: I. An aerological study of blocking action. Tellus 2: 196-211.
32. Riviere G, Orlanski I (2007) Characteristics of the Atlantic storm-track eddy activity and its relation with the North Atlantic Oscillation. J Atmos Sci 64(2): 241-266.
33. Scherrer S, Croci-Maspoli M, Schwierz C, Appenzeller C (2006) Two-dimensional indices of atmospheric blocking and their statistical relationship with winter climate patterns in the Euro-Atlantic region. Int J Climatol 26: 233-249.
34. Stephenson D, Hannachi A, O'Neill A (2004) On the existence of multiple climate regimes. Q J R Meteorol Soc 130(597): 583-605.
35. Stephenson D, Pavan V, Collins M, Junge M, Quadrelli R (2006) North Atlantic Oscillation response to transient greenhouse gas forcing and the impact on European winter climate: a CMIP2 multi-model assessment. Clim Dyn 27(4): 401-420.
36. Stoner A, Hayhoe K, Wuebbles D (2009) Assessing general circulation model simulations of atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J Clim 22(16): 4348-4372.
37. Strong C, Magnusdottir G (2008) Tropospheric Rossby wave breaking and the NAO/NAM. J Atmos Sci 65(9): 2861-2876.
38. Taylor K (2001) Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram. J Geophys Res 106(D7): 7183-7192.
39. Taylor K, Stouffer R, Meehl G (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93(4): 485.
40. Thorncroft C, Hoskins B, McIntyire M (1993) Two paradigms of baroclinic wave life-cycle behaviour. Q J R Meteorol Soc 119: 17-55.
41. Tibaldi S, Molteni F (1990) On the operational predictability of blocking. Tellus 42A: 343-365.
42. Walker G, Bliss E (1932) World weather V. Meml R Meteorol Soc 134: 193-210.
43. Wallace J, Gutzler D (1981) Teleconnections in the geopotential height field during the Northern Hemisphere winter. Mon Weather Rev 109: 784-812.
44. Wang Y, Magnusdottir G (2012) The shift of the northern node of the NAO and cyclonic Rossby wave breaking. J Clim 25(22): 7973-7982.
45. Wang Y-H, Magnusdottir G, Stern H, Tian X, Yu Y (2012) Decadal variability of the NAO: introducing an augmented NAO index. Geophys Res Lett 39(21): L21702.
46. Woollings T, Hoskins B, Blackburn M, Berrisford P (2008) A new Rossby wave breaking interpretation of the North Atlantic Oscillation. J Atmos Sci 65: 326-609.
47. Woollings T, Hannachi A, Hoskins B (2010) Variability of the North Atlantic eddy-driven jet stream. Q J R Meteorol Soc 136: 856-868.
48. Woollings T, Hannachi A, Hoskins B, Turner A (2010) A regime view of the North Atlantic Oscillation and its response to anthropogenic forcing. J Clim 23: 1291-1307.