First evidence of simultaneous occurrence of West Nile virus and Usutu virus neuroinvasive disease in humans in Croatia during the 2013 outbreak

Infection

Volumn 42, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 689-695

  Vilibic Cavlek, T ^a   Kaic, B ^a   Barbic, L ^b   Pem Novosel, I ^a   Slavic Vrzic, V ^c   Lesnikar, V ^c   Kurecic Filipovic, S ^a   Babic Erceg, A ^a   Listes, E ^d   Stevanovic, V ^b   Gjenero Margan, I ^a   Savini, G ^e  

^a CROATIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Croatia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB   (Croatia)

^c Zagreb Institute of Public Health   (Croatia)

^d CROATIAN VETERINARY INSTITUTE   (Croatia)

^e Istituto G Caporale   (Italy)

Author keywords

Croatia; Outbreak; Usutu virus; West Nile virus

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; VIRUS RNA; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; VIRUS ANTIBODY;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CROATIA; ELISA KIT; EPIDEMIC; FEMALE; FLAVIVIRUS; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HORSE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; NEUROLOGIC DISEASE; NONHUMAN; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SERODIAGNOSIS; SEROPREVALENCE; USUTU VRUS; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; VIRUS INFECTION; VIRUS MENINGITIS; VIRUS NEUROINVASIVE DISEASE; WEST NILE FLAVIVIRUS; ANIMAL; BLOOD; ENCEPHALITIS, ARBOVIRUS; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS; MIDDLE AGED; WEST NILE FEVER;

ADULT; AGED; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, NEUTRALIZING; ANTIBODIES, VIRAL; CROATIA; DISEASE OUTBREAKS; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES, JAPANESE; ENCEPHALITIS, ARBOVIRUS; ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; FEMALE; HUMANS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUTRALIZATION TESTS; WEST NILE FEVER; WEST NILE VIRUS;

EID: 84906790451     PISSN: 03008126     EISSN: 14390973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s15010-014-0625-1     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Lindenbach BD, Thiel HJ, Rice CM. Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields virology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 1101-51.
2. Marra PP, Griffing S, Cafreey CL, Kilpatrick AM, McLean R, Brand C, Saito E, Dupuis AP, Kramer L, Novak R. West Nile virus and wildlife. Bioscience. 2004;54:393-402. (Pubitemid 38641532)
3. Hayes EB, Sejvar JJ, Zaki SR, Lanciotti RS, Bode AV, Campbell GL. Virology, pathology, and clinical manifestations of West Nile virus disease. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1174-9. (Pubitemid 41045322)
4. Gaibani P, Pierro AM, Cavrini F, Rossini G, Landini MP, Sambri V. False positive transcription-mediated amplification assay detection of West Nile virus in blood from a patient with viremia caused by an Usutu virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48:3338-9.
5. Nikolay B, Diallo M, Boye CSB, Sal AA. Usutu virus in Africa. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011;11:1417-23.
6. Pecorari M, Longo G, Gennari W, Grottola A, Sabbatini A, Tagliazucchi S, Savini G, Monaco F, Simone M, Lelli R, Rumpianesi F. First human case of Usutu virus neuroinvasive infection, Italy, August-September 2009. Euro Surveill. 2009;14:pii:19446.
7. Cavrini F, Gaibani P, Longo G, Pierro AM, Rossini G, Bonilauri P, Gerunda GE, Di Benedetto F, Pasetto A, Girardis M, Dottori M, Landini MP, Sambri V. Usutu virus infection in a patient who underwent orthotropic liver transplantation, Italy, August-September 2009. Euro Surveill. 2009;14:pii:19448.
8. Calistri P, Giovannini A, Hubalek Z, Ionescu A, Monaco F, Savini G, Lelli R. Epidemiology of West Nile in Europe and in the Mediterranean Basin. Open Virol J. 2010;4:29-37.
9. www. http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/west-nile-fever/West-Nile- fever maps/Pages/index.aspx.
10. Pradier S, Lecollinet S, Leblond A. West Nile virus epidemiology and factors triggering change in its distribution in Europe. Rev Sci Tech. 2012;31:829-44.
11. Pem-Novosel I, Vilibic-Cavlek T, Gjenero-Margan I, Pandak N, Peric L, Barbic L, Listes E, Cvitkovic A, Stevanovic V, Savini G. First outbreak of West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease in humans, Croatia, 2012. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2014;14:82-4.
12. Weissenböck H, Kolodziejek J, Url A, Lussy H, Rebel-Bauder B, Nowotny N. Emergence of Usutu virus, an African mosquito borne flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis virus group, central Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:652-6. (Pubitemid 34764727)
13. Bakonyi T, Erdelyi K, Ursu K, Ferenczi E, Csörgo T, Lussy H, Chvala S, Bukovsky C, Meister T, Weissenböck H, Nowotny N. Emergence of Usutu virus in Hungary. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:3780-4.
14. Tamba M, Bonilauri P, Bellini R, Calzolari M, Albieri A, Sambri V, Dottori M, Angelini P. Detection of Usutu virus within a West Nile virus surveillance program in Northern Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2011;11:551-7.
15. Calzolari M, Gaibani P, Bellin R, Defilippo F, Pierro A, Albieri A, Maioli G, Luppi A, Rossini G, Balzani A, Tamba M, Galletti G, Gelati A, Carrieri M, Poglayen G, Cavrini F, Natalini S, Dottori M, Sambri V, Angelini P, Bonilauri P. Mosquito, bird and human surveillance of West Nile and Usutu viruses in Emilia- Romagna region (Italy) in 2010. PLoS One. 2012;7:e38058.
16. Busani L, Capelli G, Cecchinato M, Lorenzetto M, Savini G, Terregino C, Vio P, Bonfanti L, Pozza MD, Marangon S. West Nile virus circulation in Veneto region in 2008-2009. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139:818-25.
17. Llorente F, Pérez-Ramírez E, Fernández-Pinero J, Soriguer R, Figuerola J, Jiménez-Clavero MA. Flaviviruses in game birds, southern Spain, 2011-2012. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:1023-5.
18. Steinmetz HW, Bakonyi T, Weissenböck H, Hatt JM, Eulenberger U, Robert N, Hoop R, Nowotny N. Emergence and establishment of Usutu virus infection in wild and captive avian species in and around Zurich, Switzerland-genomic and pathologic comparison to other central European outbreaks. Vet Microbiol. 2011;148:207-12.
19. Becker N, Jöst H, Ziegler U, Eiden M, Höper D, Emmerich P, Fichet-Calvet E, Ehichioya DU, Czajka C, Gabriel M, Hoffmann B, Beer M, Tenner-Racz K, Racz P, Günther S, Wink M, Bosch S, Konrad A, Pfeffer M, Groschup MH, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Epizootic emergence of Usutu virus in wild and captive birds in Germany. PLoS One. 2012;7:e32604.
20. Hubálek Z, Rudolf I, Capek M, Bakonyi T, Betáš ová L, Nowotny N. Usutu Virus in blackbirds (Turdus merula), Czech Republic, 2011-2012. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2012;. doi:10.1111/tbed.12025.
21. Savini G, Monaco F, Terregino C, Di Gennaro A, Bano L, Pinoni C, De Nardi R, Bonilauri P, Pecorari M, Di Gialleonardo L, Bonfanti L, Polci A, Calistri P, Lelli R. Usutu virus in Italy: an emergence or a silent infection. Vet Microbiol. 2011;151:264-74.
22. Gaibani P, Pierro A, Alicino R, Rossini G, Cavrini F, Landini MP, Sambri V. Detection of Usutu-virus-specific IgG in blood donors from Northern Italy. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:431-3.
23. Allering L, Jöst H, Emmerich P, Günther S, Lattwein E, Schmidt M, Seifried E, Sambri V, Hourfar K, Schmidt-Chanasit J. Detection of Usutu virus infection in a healthy blood donor from south-west Germany, 2012. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:pii:20341.
24. Weissenböck H, Bakonyi T, Rossi G, Mani P, Nowotny N. Usutu virus, Italy, 1996. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:274-7.
25. Vazquez A, Jimenez-Clavero M, Franco L, Donoso-Mantke O, Sambri V, Niedrig M, Zeller H, Tenorio A. Usutu virus: potential risk of human disease in Europe. Euro Surveill. 2011;16:pii:19935.
26. European centre for disease control and prevention. Meeting report. expert consultation on West Nile virus infection. Stockholm, 21-22 April, 2009. Available at: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/0909-MER- Expert-consultation-on-WNV.pdf.
27. Vesenjak-Hirjan J, Galinovic-Weisglass M, Brudnjak Z, Calisher CH, Tovornik D, Lazuick JS, Rendic Z. Island of brac-focus of arbovirus infections. In: Vesenjak-Hirjan J, editor. Arboviruses in the Mediterranean countries. ZbL Bakt. Suppl 9 ed. Stuttgart and New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag; 1980. p. 311-7.
28. GolubićD, Dobler G. Flaviviruses in the north-west Croatia. Croat J Infect. 2012;32:153-7 (Article in Croatian).
29. Madić J, Savini G, Di Gennaro A, Monaco F, Jukić B, Kovač S, Rudan N, Listes E. Serological evidence for West Nile virus infection in horses in Croatia. Vet Rec. 2007;160:772-3. (Pubitemid 46918091)
30. Barbić L, Listeš E, Katić S, Stevanović V, Madić J, Starešina V, Labrović A, Di Gennaro A, Savini G. Spreading of West Nile virus infection in Croatia. Vet Microbiol. 2012;159:504-8.
31. Cavrini F, Della Pepa ME, Gaibani P, Pierro AM, Rossini G, Landini MP, Sambri V. A rapid and specific real-time RT-PCR assay to identify Usutu virus in human plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Virol. 2011;50:221-3.
32. Barbic L, Vilibic-Cavlek T, Listes E, Stevanovic V, Gjenero- Margan I, Ljubin-Sternak S, Pem-Novosel I, Listes I, Mlinaric- Galinovic G, Di Gennaro A, Savini G. Demonstration of Usutu virus antibodies in horses, Croatia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013;13:772-4.
33. Beck C, Jimenez-Clavero MA, Leblond A, Durand B, Nowotny N, Leparc-Goffart I, Zientara S, Jourdain E, Lecollinet S. Flaviviruses in Europe: complex circulation patterns and their consequences for the diagnosis and control of West Nile disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:6049-83.
34. Yeh JY, Lee JH, Park JY, Seo HJ, Moon JS, Cho IS, Kim HP, Yang YJ, Ahn KM, Kyung SG, Choi IS, Lee JB. A diagnostic algorithm to serologically differentiate West Nile virus from Japanese encephalitis virus infections and its validation in field surveillance of poultry and horses. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2012;12:372-9.
35. Stiasny K, Aberle SW, Heinz FX. Retrospective identification of human cases of West Nile virus infection in Austria (2009-2010) by serological differentiation from Usutu and other flavivirus infections. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:pii:20614.
36. Pierro A, Landini MP, Gaibani P, Rossini G, Vocale C, Finarelli AC, Cagarelli R, Sambri V, Varani S. A model of laboratory surveillance for neuro-arbovirosis applied during 2012 in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;. doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12436.