Neural Signatures of User-Centered Security: An fMRI Study of Phishing, and Malware Warnings

21st Annual Network and Distributed System Security Symposium, NDSS 2014

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages

  Neupane, Ajaya ^a   Saxena, Nitesh ^a   Kuruvilla, Keya ^a   Georgescu, Michael ^a   Kana, Rajesh ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH; BRAIN; DECISION MAKING; NETWORK SECURITY; NEURONS; PROBLEM SOLVING;

BRAIN ACTIVITY; DECISIONS MAKINGS; END-USERS; FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENT; HUMAN BRAIN; MALWARES; NEURAL SIGNATURES; PHISHING; USER BEHAVIORS; USER-CENTRED;

MALWARE;

EID: 84906774691     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Conference Proceeding    
DOI: 10.14722/ndss/2014.23056     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (57)

1. Barratt, E.S. (1994). Impulsiveness and Aggression. In Monahan, J. and H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and Mental Disorder: Developments in Risk Assessment (pp. 61-79). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
2. An introduction to E-Prime, Laurence Richard, Miami University, Dominic Charbonneau, Université de Montréal, Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology 2009, vol 5(2), p. 68-76.
3. http://step.psy.cmu.edu/materials/manuals/users.pdf
4. Robert M. Joseph, Brandon Keehn, Christine Connolly, Jeremy M. Wolfe, and Todd S. Horowitz.Why is visual search superior in autism spectrum disorder? Developmental Science, 12(6):1083–1096, 2009.
5. S. Ogawa, TM Lee, AR Kay, and DW Tank. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 87(24):9868, 1990.
6. R.S. Menon, J.S. Gati, B.G. Goodyear, D.C. Luknowsky, and C.G. Thomas. Spatial and temporal resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biochemistry and cell biology, 76(2-3):560–571, 1998.
7. Robert M. Joseph, Brandon Keehn, Christine Connolly, Jeremy M.Wolfe, and Todd S. Horowitz. Why is visual search superior in autism spectrum disorder? Developmental Science, 12(6):1083–1096, 2009.
8. Rachna Dhamija, J. D. Tygar, and Marti Hearst. 2006. Why phishing works. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '06), 581-590, 2006.
9. st Conference on Usability, Psychology, and Security, UPSEC’08, pages 1:1–1:15, 2008.
10. Rachna Dhamija, J. D. Tygar, and Marti Hearst. Why phishing works. In CHI '06: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems, pages 581{590, 2006.
11. Devdatta Akhawe, and Adrienne Porter Felt. Alice inWarningland: A Large-Scale Field Study of Browser SecurityWarning Effectiveness.Usenix Security, 2013.
12. Min Wu, Robert C. Miller, and Simson L. Garfinkel. 2006. Do security toolbars actually prevent phishing attacks?. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '06)
13. Joshua Sunshine, Serge Egelman, Hazim Almuhimedi, Neha Atri, and Lorrie Faith Cranor. Crying wolf: An empirical study of ssl warning e ectiveness. usenix security. In Usenix Security Symposium, 2009.
14. Stuart E. Schechter, Rachna Dhamija, Andy Ozment, and Ian Fischer. The emperor's new securityindicators. In IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2007.
15. Batya Friedman, David Hurley, Daniel C. Howe, Edward Felten, and Helen Nissenbaum. 2002. Users' conceptions of web security: a comparative study. In CHI '02 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '02).
16. Serge Egelman, Lorrie Faith Cranor, and Jason Hong. 2008. You've been warned: an empirical study of the effectiveness of web browser phishing warnings. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '08).
17. Cristian Bravo-Lillo, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Julie Downs, Saranga Komanduri, "Bridging the Gap in Computer Security Warnings: A Mental Model Approach," IEEE Security & Privacy, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 18-26, March/April, 2011.
18. Adam W. Craig, Yuliya Komarova Loureiro, Stacy Wood, Jennifer M.C. Vendemia (2012) Suspicious Minds: Exploring Neural Processes During Exposure to Deceptive Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research: June 2012, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 361-372.
19. Hristo Bojinov. Daniel Sanchez, Paul Reber, Dan Boneh, Patrick Lincoln. Neuroscience Meets Cryptography: Designing Crypto Primitives Secure Against Rubber Hose Attacks. In 21st USENIX Security Symposium. USENIX Association. August, 2012.
20. Ivan Martinovic‚ Doug Davies‚ Mario Frank‚ Daniele Perito‚ Tomas Ros and Dawn Song. On the Feasibility of Side−Channel Attacks with Brain−Computer Interfaces. In 21st USENIX Security Symposium. USENIX Association. August, 2012.
21. Ward, B.D. (2000). Simultaneous inference for fMRI data. Available at: http:// homepage.usask.ca/~ges125/fMRI/AFNIdoc/AlphaSim.pdf
22. Shomstein,Sarah, Cognitive Functions of the Posterior Parietal Cortex: Top-down and bottom-up attentional control, Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, Volume 6, July 2012, ISSN 1662-5145.
23. DiQuattro, N. E., Geng, J.J.,Contextual knowledge configures attentional control networks, The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, Volume 31, Issue 49, December 2011, Pages 18026-1803.
24. Huang Mengfei, Bridge Holly, Kemp Martin J, Parker Andrew J, Human cortical activity evoked by the assignment of authenticity when viewing works of art, Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Volume 5, 2011, Number 00134, ISSN 1662-5161.
25. Juliana V. Baldo, Nina F. Dronkers, The Role of Inferior Parietal and Inferior Frontal Cortex in Working Memory, Neuropsychology, Volume 20, Issue 5, 2006, Pages 529-538.
26. Nigel Blackwood, Dominic ffytche, Andrew Simmons, Richard Bentall, Robin Murray, Robert Howard, The cerebellum and decision making under uncertainty, Cognitive Brain Research, Volume 20, Issue 1, June 2004, Pages 46-53, ISSN 0926-6410.
27. Buckner, Randy L., and Daniel C. Carroll, Self-projection and the brain, Trends in Cognitive Sciences Volume 11 Issue 2, 2007, Pages 49-57.
28. Burgess GM, Mullaney I, McNeill M, Dunn PM, Rang HP. Second messengers involved in the mechanism of action of bradykinin in sensory neurons in culture. J Neurosci. 1989;9:3314–3325.
29. Gallagher, HL and Frith, CD (2003) Functional imaging of ‘theory of mind’. Trends Cogn Sci 7:77–83.
30. Gilbert DL, Wang Z, Sallee FR, Ridel KR, Merhar S, Zhang J, et al. Dopamine transporter genotype influences the physiological response to medication in ADHD. Brain.Volume 129, Issue 8, 2006, 2038–2046.
31. Ramnani, Narender., owen,Adrian M., Anterior prefrontal cortex: insights into function from anatomy and neuroimaging, Nat Rev Neurosci, Volume 5, Issue 3, march 2004, Pages 184-194, ISSN 1471-003X.
32. Loos M, Pattij T, Janssen MC, Counotte DS, Schoffelmeer AN, Smit AB, Spijker S, van Gaalen MM, Dopamine receptor D1/D5 gene expression in the medial prefrontal cortex predicts impulsive choice in rats, Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y.: 1991), Volume 20, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 1064-1070.
33. Luhmann, J. G.,Curtis, D. W.,Schroeder, P.,McCauley, J.,Lin, R. P.,Larson, D. E.,Bale, S. D.,Sauvaud, J. A.,Aoustin, C.,Mewaldt, R. A.,Cummings, A. C.,Stone, E. C.,Davis, A. J.,Cook, W. R.,Kecman, B.,Wiedenbeck, M. E.,Rosenvinge, T.,Acuna, M. H.,Reichenthal, L. S.,Shuman, S.,Wortman, K. A.,Reames, D. V.,Mueller-Mellin, R.,Kunow, H.,Mason, G. M.,Walpole, P.,Korth, A.,Sanderson, T. R.,Russell, C. T.,Gosling, J. T., STEREO IMPACT Investigation Goals, Measurements, and Data Products Overview, Space Science Reviews, Volume 136, Issue 1-4, April 2008, Pages 117-184.
34. Sripada, C. S., Gonzalez, R., Phan, K. L., Liberzon, I., The neural correlates of intertemporal decision-making: contributions of subjective value, stimulus type, and trait impulsivity, Human brain mapping, Volume 32, Issue 10, October 2011, Pages 1637-1648.
35. Frederick, S. Valuing future life and future lives: A framework for understanding discounting. Journal of Economic Psychology, 27, 667-680, 2006.
36. Price, C.J. The anatomy of language: contributions from functional neuroimaging. Journal of Anatomy, 197, 335–359, 2000.
37. Bookheimer, S., Functional MRI of language: New approaches to understanding the cortical organization of semantic processing, Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 25, 2002, Pages 151-188.
38. Friederici, A.D., Towards a neural basis of auditory sentence processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 78–84, 2002.
39. Hagoort, P. On Broca, brain, and binding: a new framework. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 416-423, 2005.
40. Krueger RF, Markon KE, Patrick CJ, Iacono WG. Externalizing psychopathology in adulthood: dimensional-spectrum conceptualization and its implications for DSM-V. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114:537–550, 2005.
41. Swann AC, Lijffijt M, Lane SD, Steinberg JL, Moeller FG. . Trait impulsivity and response inhibition in antisocial personality disorder. Journal of Psychiatry Research, 43:1057–1063, 2009.
42. Mortensen M, Ebert B, Wafford K & Smart TG, Distinct activities of GABA agonists at synaptic- and extrasynaptic-type GABAA receptors, The Journal of Physiology, Volume 588, 2010, Pages 1251-1268.
43. Moreno-López L, Catena A, Fernández-Serrano MJ, Delgado-Rico E, Stamatakis EA, Pérez-García M, Verdejo-García A. (2012). Trait impulsivity and prefrontal gray matter reductions in cocaine dependent individuals. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012 Oct 1;125 (3):208-14.
44. Ernst, M. & Paulus, M.P. Neurobiology of decision making: a selective review from a neurocognitive and clinical perspective. Biological Psychiatry, 58, 597–604, 2005.
45. Sanfey, A.G., Rilling, J.K., Aronson, J.A., Nystrom, L.E. & Cohen, J.D. The neural basis of economic decision-making in the Ultimatum Game. Science, 300, 1755–1758, 2003.
46. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202, 2001.
47. Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, Steve Sheng, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, and Jason Hong. Teaching johnny not to fall for phish. ACM Trans. Internet Technol., 10(2):1{31, 2010.
48. Steve Sheng, Bryant Magnien, Ponnurangam Kumaraguru, Alessandro Acquisti, Lorrie Faith Cranor, Jason Hong, and Elizabeth Nunge. Anti-phishing phil: the design and evaluation of a game that teaches people not to fall for phish. In SOUPS '07: Proceedings of the 3rd symposium on Usable privacy and security, pages 88{99, 2007.
49. Sukamol Srikwan and Markus Jakobsson. Using cartoons to teach internet security. Cryptologia, 32(2):137{154, 2008.
50. Alain Forget, Sonia Chiasson, and Robert Biddle. Lessons from brain age on password memorability (poster). In Future Play '08: Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on Future Play, pages 262{263, 2008.
51. Rosen BR, Buckner RL, Dale AM. Event-related functional MRI: past, present, and future. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:773– 780, 1998.
52. Julie Thorpe, P. C. van Oorschot, and Anil Somayaji. Pass-thoughts: authenticating with our minds. In the workshop on New security paradigms (NSPW '05), 2005.
53. John Chuang, Hamilton Nguyen, Charles Wang, and Benjamin Johnson. I Think, Therefore I Am: Usability and Security of Authentication Using Brainwaves. In Workshop on Usable Security (USEC), 2013.
54. Oldfield, R.C. The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia, 9, 97-113, 1971.
55. Desmond, J.E., Glover, G.H. Estimating sample size in functional MRI (fMRI) neuroimaging studies: statistical power analyses. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 118, 115–128, 2002.
56. Murphy, K., & Garavan, H. An Empirical Investigation into the number of subjects required for an event-related fMRI study. Neuroimage, 22, 879-885, 2004.
57. Cox, R.W. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Computers and Biomedical Research, 29, 162–73,1996.