Hogs, antibiotics, and the industrial environments of postwar agriculture

Industrializing Organisms: Introducing Evolutionary History

Volumn 5, Issue , 2003, Pages 237-260

  Finlay, Mark R ^a  

^a Armstrong Atlantic State University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 84906630959     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203488782     Document Type: Chapter

References (47)

1. "Science Comes to the Farm in a Feed Bag," Farm Journal 80 (February 1956):67.
2. Wayne D.Rasmussen, "A Postscript: Twenty-Five Years of Change in Farm Productivity," Agricultural History 49, no. 1 (1975): 84-86.
3. Roger Horowitz, "Making the 'Chicken of Tomorrow'," this volume;
4. William Boyd, "Science, Technology, and American Poultry Production," Technology and Culture 42, no. 4(October 2001):631-664.
5. F.W.Woll, Productive Feeding of Farm Animals, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1916), 1-3. This text appeared in the context of the Country Life Movement, an effort to bring the progressive era's interest in social engineering, expertise, and efficiency to farm issues. Reformers believed that mechanization and urban and industrial values offered effective strategies for improving American rural life. For background information see
6. David Danbom, The Resisted Revolution: Urban America and the Industrialization of Agriculture, 1900-1930 (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1979);
7. Deborah Fitzgerald, Every Farm a Factory: The Industrial Ideal in American Agriculture (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003).
8. [Lew P.Reeve], Multiple Farrowing Pleases...The Farmers...and the Housewife, undated pamphlet produced by George. A.Hormel & Company and Iowa State College, Catron Papers.
9. Woll, Feeding of Farm Animals, 210.
10. Arthur L.Anderson, Swine Management, including Feeding and Breeding (Philadelphia:Lippincott, 1950).
11. Claude R.Wickard and J.A.McConnell, "The Feed Situation," Ation's Agriculture 18 (April 1943):4, 14;
12. "Pigs in a Pickle," Business Week, no. 723 (July 10, 1943):46-47;
13. "Feed Crisis Near," Business Week, no. 735 (October 2, 1943):14;
14. "Forage Goals Rise," Business Week, no. 738 (October 23, 1943):40;
15. "Corn for War," Business Week, no. 738 (October 23, 1943):78;
16. "Headache in Hogs," Business Week, no. 742 (November 20, 1943):14;
17. "Corn or Hogs-No. 1 Problem," Business Week, no. 757 (April 8, 1944):15-16;
18. "Feed Crisis Near," Business Week, no. 761 (May 6, 1944):50;
19. "Farmers Face Feed Famine," Breeder's Gazette 109 (May 1944):5, 22. The imbalance of the hog-corn price ratio also encouraged farmers to fatten their hogs to an unusually heavy weight, up to three hundred pounds, before slaughter. This had the twin effects of further depleting feed grain supplies and bringing unusually fatty meat products to the consumer marketplace.
20. Frederick G.Brownell, "Super Cows and Chickens," American Magazine 141 (June 1946):108-111.
21. Maxwell Reid Grant, "Engineering Better Meat," Popular Mechanics 91 (February 1949):174-177, 246, 252.
22. E.L.R.Stokstad, A.C.Page, J.Pierce, A.L.Franklin, T.H.Jukes, R.W.Heinle, M.Epstein, and A.D.Welch, Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 33 (1948):860;
23. T.H. Jukes, E.L.R.Stokstad, and K.C.Gilbert, Poultry Science 27 (1948):434;
24. E.L.R.Stokstad, Thomas H.Jukes, J.Pierce, A.C.Page, Jr., and A.L.Franklin, "The Multiple Nature of the Animal Protein Factor," Journal of Biological Chemistry 180 (1949):647-654;"Antibiotics in the Barnyard"
25. Thomas H.Jukes, Antibiotics in Nutrition, Antibiotics Monographs, 4 (New York: Medical Encyclopedia, 1955), 17-18;
26. Orville Schell, Modern Meat (New York:Random House, 1978), 20-21.
27. T.J.Cunha, H.H.Hopper, J.E.Burnside, A.M.Pearson, R.S.Glasscock, D.V.Catron, A.B. Hoerlein, P.C.Bennett, P.W.Cuff, and P.G.Homeyer, "The Effect of Aureomycin and Other Antibiotics on the Pig," Journal of Animal Science 9 (1950):653ff;
28. D.V.Catron, et al., "Effect of Vitamin B 12 , APF, and Antibiotics on Enteritis in Swine," Journal of Animal Science 9 (1950):651ff.
29. Damon Catron, "Baby Pigs Don't Need Their Mommies Any More!" Iowa Farm Science 6 (April 1952):147-149, 160;
30. Damon Catron, "Wean 'Em at 7 Days," Country Gentleman 124 (April 1954):38-39, 82;
31. Dean C.Wolf, "New Early Wean Ration Brings More Pig Profits," Country Gentleman 124 (September 1954):38, 80-81.
32. Catron quoted in "Health Institute Committee to Study Feed Additives," Feedstuffs 29 (April 13, 1957):10-16.
33. Arnold Nicholson, "Will It Pay You to Air-Condition Hogs?" Country Gentleman 124 (May 1954):38, 74, 76-77. These achievements, too, would not have been possible in the prewar era, before rural electrification became commonplace. Palmer Holden, interview with author, June 20, 2002.
34. Delmer E.Groves and Vernon Schneider, "He Gets a Monthly Hog Check," Successful Farming 50 (February 1952):33-35, 62-63;
35. Mike Bay, "Why I Shifted from Pasture to Concrete," Successful Farming 57 (May 1959):52-53, 97.
36. Edward L.Schapsmeier and Frederick H.Schapsmeier, Ezra Taft Benson and the Politics of Agriculture: The Eisenhower Years, 1953-1961 (Danville, Ill.: Interstate, 1975), 146-147;
37. Gilbert C.Fite, American Farmers: The New Minority (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981), 158-164.
38. Lauren Soth, Farm Trouble (Princeton, N.J.:Princeton University Press, 1957).
39. Ronald R.Kline, Consumers in the Country: Technology and Social Change in Rural America (Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 214, 278. In contrast to Kline's focus on farmers' resistance to adopt various new technologies, William Boyd's recent study of poultry focuses on resistance to this pressure among the animals themselves. See
40. Boyd, "Science, Technology, and American Poultry Production." For broader examination of alternatives to the mass production model
41. Philip Scranton, Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization, 1865-1925 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997).
42. J.A.Hoefer, "What's Ahead in the Hog Business," Successful Farming 58 (February 1960):42-43, 80-82;
43. "Hog Farmers Intensify for the Sixties," Nation's Agriculture 35 (April 1960): 12-13, 21-22
44. Perkins, Geopolitics and the Green Revolution. 62. See Edmund Russell essay in this volume; comment here is based upon draft document titled "An Anatomy of Organismal Technology." 67.
45. Warren Belasco, "Food Matters: Perspectives on an Emerging Field," in Food Nations:Selling Taste in Consumer Societies, ed. W.Belasco and Philip Scranton (New York:Routledge, 2002), 4.
46. Amy Sue Bix, Inventing Ourselves Out of Jobs? America's Debate over Technological Unemployment, 1929-1981 (Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), 249-250.
47. Harold Lee, Roswell Garst: A Biography (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1984), 175-178