Cultural nationalism in contemporary China: The search for national identity under reform

Cultural Nationalism in Contemporary China: The search for national identity under reform

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-192

  Guo, Yingjie ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906615707     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203300480     Document Type: Book

References (350)

1. Akzin, Benjamin, State and Nation, London: Hutchinson, 1964.
2. An Zijie, ' "Hanzi shi kexue, yixue, zhinengxing, guoji de youxiu wenzi" zuotanhui shang de fayan' ['Speech at the Conference "Hanzi Is an Excellent, Intelligent and Scientific Script" '], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 3, 1991, pp. 9-11.
3. Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities, London: Verso, 1991.
4. Barmè, G. and Jaivin, L., New Ghosts, Old Dreams - Chinese Rebel Voices, New York: Times Books, 1992.
5. Barmè, Geremie, 'To screw foreigners is patriotic: China's avant-garde nationalists', in Jonathan Unger (ed.), Chinese Nationalism, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
6. Bar-Tal, Daniel, 'Patriotism as fundamental beliefs of group members', Politics and the Individual 3, 1993, pp. 45-62.
7. Berlin, Isaiah, ' "The bent twig": a note on nationalism', Foreign Affairs, vol. 51, no. 1, 1972, pp. 11-30.
8. Berlin, Isaiah, Vico and Herder, London: Hogarth Press, 1976.
9. Berlin, Isaiah, 'Nationalism: past neglect and present power', in H. Hardy (ed.), Against the Current, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981.
10. Billig, Michael, Banal Nationalism, London: Sage Publications, 1995.
11. Bloomfield, L., Language, London: Allen & Unwin, 1935.
12. Bodde, Derk, 'Harmony and conflict in Chinese thought', in A. Wright (ed.), Studies in Chinese Thought, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1967.
13. Boehm, M.H., 'Nationalism - theoretical aspects', Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences, XI, 1937.
14. Bond, Michael, Beyond the Chinese Face - Insights from Psychology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
15. Bourdieu, Pierre, Language and Symbolic Power, edited and introduced by John B. Thompson and translated into English by Gino Raymond and Matthew Adamson, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1991.
16. Breuilly, John, Nationalism and the State (second edition), Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
17. Bruce, J. Percy, Chu Hsi and His Masters, London: Probsthain, 1923.
18. Cai Degui, 'Dongfang ge guo de ruxue xiandaihua' ['The modernization of Confucianism in the East'], Qilu xuekan [Shandong Academic Journal] 2, 1992, pp. 109-19.
19. Cai Renhou (Ts'ai Jen-hou), Rujia sixiang de xiandai yiyi [The Modern Significance of Confucian Thought], Taibei: Wenjin chubanshe, 1999.
20. Cai Xiaoping, 'Lun minzuzhuyi yu quanqiu yitihua de guanxi' ['On the relationship between nationalism and globalization'], Qinghai minzu xueyuan xuebao (shekeban) [Journal of the Qinghai Nationalities Institute] 3, 1996, pp. 26-31.
21. Calhoun, Craig, Nationalism, Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis Press, 1997.
22. Calhoun, Craig, Social Theory and the Politics of Identity, Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers Inc, 1998.
23. Canovan, Margaret, Nationhood and Political Theory, Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 1996.
24. Cao Bohan, 'The Chinese language movement since the May Fourth period', in Peter J. Seybolt and Gregory Kuei-Ke Chiang (eds), Language Reform in China, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1979 (first edition, 1950).
25. Cao Shunqing, 'Chongjian Zhongguo wenlun huayu de jiben lujing jiqi fangfa' ['Basic approaches to the reconstruction of Chinese literary criticism'], Wenyi yanjiu [Literary Studies] 2, 1996, pp. 12-21.
26. Cao Shunqing, 'Wenhua shiyu yu wenhua bingtai' ['Cultural aphasia and cultural abnormality'], Wenyi zhengming [Literary Debates] 2, 1996, pp. 50-8.
27. Cao Yueming, 'Zhongguo xiandaishi shang de sanda sichao yu minzuzhuyi yundong' ['Three major currents of thought and nationalist movements in modern China'], Tianjin shehui kexue [Tianjin Social Sciences] 1, 1992, pp. 84-9.
28. Carr, Edward, What Is History?, London: Macmillan & Co. Ltd, 1962.
29. Cassirer, Ernst, An Essay on Man: An Introduction to a Philosophy of Human Culture, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994.
30. Chan, Sylvia, 'More problems and more -isms', Postcolonial Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, July 1999, pp. 173-83.
31. Chen Hanming, 'Ruxue yu xiandai minzhu' ['Confucianism and modern democracy'], Tianjin shehui kexue [Tianjin Social Sciences] 1, 1998, pp. 100-1.
32. Chen Mingming, 'Zhengzhi fazhan shijiao zhong de minzu yu minzuzhuyi' ['Nation and nationalism from the angle of political development'], Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and Management] 2, 1996, pp. 63-71.
33. Chen Qing, 'Lun haiwai dangdai xinruxue xiandaihua de jiazhi' ['Overseas New Confucianism and its value to China's modernization'], Shanghai wenhua [Shanghai Culture] 5, 1995, pp. 4-8.
34. Chen Shaoming, 'Minzuzhuyi: fuxing zhi dao?' ['Nationalism: the route to renaissance?'], Dongfang [The East] 2, 1996, pp. 74-6.
35. Chen Xi, 'Nationalism among Chinese intellectuals', China Strategy Review, vol. 1, no. 6, 1996, pp. 9-14.
36. Chen Xiaomei, Occidentalism - A Theory of Counter-Discourse in Post-Mao China, New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
37. Chen Xiaoming, '"Wenhua minzhuzhuyi" de xingqi' ['The rise of "cultural nationalism" '], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 39, February 1997, pp. 35-43.
38. Chen Xiaoming, 'Huigui chuantong yu wenhua minzuzhuyi' ['The return to tradition and the rise of cultural nationalism'], Tianjin shehui kexue [Tianjin Social Sciences] 4, 1997, pp. 64-71.
39. Chen Xiaoming, 'The mysterious Other: postpolitics in Chinese film', boundary 2, 24(3), 1997, pp. 124-36.
40. Chen Xiaoming, 'Hou xiandai zhuyi bushi yiduan xieshuo' ['Postmodernism is not a heresy'], Mingpao yuekan [Mingbao Monthly] 2, 1998, pp. 64-6.
41. Chen Xiaoming, Dai Jinhua, Zhang Yiwu and Zhu Wei, 'Dongfang zhuiyi yu hou zhimin wenhua' ['Orientalism postcolonial culture'], Zhongshan [Mount Zhongshan] 1, 1994, pp. 126-48.
42. Cheng Xiaojun, Zeng Guofan and Modern Chinese Culture [Zeng Guofan yu xiandai Zhongguo wenhua], Changsha: Hunan renmin chubanshe, 1991.
43. Chen Yufeng and Lin Xinmin, 'Zhongxuesheng "shifan xiejian" jiaoxue tantao' ['Teaching high school students to "recognize fanti and write jianti" '], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 2, 1992, pp. 54-60.
44. Christensen, Thomas, 'Chinese realpolitik', Foreign Affairs, vol. 75, no. 5, September-October, 1996, pp. 37-52.
45. Commission for Language Work (ed.), Guojia yuyan wenzi zhengce fagui huibian [A Collection of State Laws and Regulations with Regard to Language], Beijing: Yuwen chubanshe, 1997.
46. Connor, Walker, 'Beyond reason: the nature of the ethno-national bond', Ethnic and Racial Studies 16, 1993, pp. 373-89.
47. Connor, Walker, 'A nation is a nation, is a state, is an ethnic group, is a.', in John Hutchinson and Anthony Smith (eds), Nationalism, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
48. Constitution of the Chinese Communist Party, Renmin ribao [The People's Daily] (overseas edition), 19 November 2002, pp. 1-3.
49. Creel, H.G., Confucius - The Man and Myth, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1972.
50. Croce, Benedetto, History: Its Theory and Practice, New York: Russell & Russell, 1960.
51. Cui Zhiyuan, 'Zhidu chuangxin yu dierci sixiang jiefang' ['Institutional innovation and a second thought emancipation'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 24, August 1994, pp. 5-16.
52. Dahl, Robert, Modern Political Analysis, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Yale University Press, 1963.
53. Dai Xueji and Xu Ru, 'Zeng Guofan de "yuyi" sixiang lunlüe' ['Zeng Guofan's strategies to defend China against invasion'], Fujian luntan [Fujian Forum] 2, 1984, pp. 36-41.
54. Davy, G., Ėlements de Sociologie, Paris: Vrin, 1950.
55. De Bary, Wm. Theodore et al., The Unfolding of Neo-Confucianism, New York and London: Columbia University Press, 1975.
56. De Bary, Wm. Theodore, The Trouble with Confucianism, Cambridge, Mass. and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1996.
57. De Certeau, Michel, The Practice of Everyday Life, translated by S.F. Rendall, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984.
58. Deng Hao, 'An Zijie Yuan Xiaoyuan xueshu sixiangji hanzi hanyu jiaoxue yantaohui' ['The conference on An Zijie and Yuan Xiaoyuan's academic thought and the teaching of Chinese characters and of Chinese - a report'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1990, p. 63.
59. Deng Xiaoping, 'Disandai lingdao jiti de dangwu zhiji' ['Urgent tasks for the third generation of leaders'], in Deng Xiaoping wenxuan [Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping], Beijing: Renmin chubanshe, vol. 3, 1993.
60. Deng Yunsheng, 'Zeng Guofan hanjian maiguozei bian' ['A challenge to labeling Zeng Guofan a "traitor to the Han" and "a traitor to his country" '], Qiusuo [Seek and Discover] 1, 1988, pp. 122-30.
61. Deutsch, Karl, Nationalism and Its Alternatives, New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969.
62. Dikötter, Frank, The Discourse of Race in Modern China, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992.
63. Dikötter, Frank, 'Culture, "race", and nation: the formation of national identity in twentieth century China', Journal of International Affairs, vol. 48, no. 2, winter 1996, pp. 590-605.
64. Dirlik, Arif, 'Reversals, ironies, hegemonies: notes on the contemporary historiography of modern China', Modern China, vol. 22, no. 3, July 1996, pp. 243-84.
65. Dittmer, Lowell and Kim, Samuel (eds), China's Quest for National Identity, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993.
66. Dong Qing, 'Zeng Guofan de yisheng' ['A sketch of the life of Zeng Guofan'], Shandong daxue xuebao [Shandong University Journal] 1, 1983, pp. 27-36.
67. Dong Tianjia, 'Rujia lunli de xiandai zuoyong' ['Confucian ethics and its role today'], Dongyue luncong [Shandong Forum] 1, 1989, pp. 16-18.
68. Dong Zhenhua, Zhongguo wenzide yanbian [The Evolution of Chinese Writing], Shanghai, 1937.
69. Duara, Prasenjit, Rescuing History from the Nation: Questioning Narratives of Modern China, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1995.
70. Duara, Prasenjit, 'De-constructing the Chinese nation', in Jonathan Unger (ed.), Chinese Nationalism, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
71. Dubs, H.H. (trans.), The Works of Hsuntzu, London: Probsthain, 1928.
72. Dunn, John, Western Political Theory in the Face of the Future, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.
73. Durkheim, Emile, Textes, vol. 3 (ed. by Karady, V. ), Paris: Editions de minnuit, 1950.
74. Eastman, C., Language Planning, San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp, 1983.
75. Editorial Committee, 'Shehui yongzi naru fazhi guidao' ['Language use according to the law'], Wanhu qianjia [Families] 11, 1992, pp. 1-2.
76. Editorial Committee, 'Yuyan wenzi gongzuo ying zhuyao fang "zuo"' ['It is more important to be on guard against "leftism" in language work'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1993, pp. 1-9.
77. Editorial Committee, 'Huanying hanzi de xin jiyuan' ['Welcoming a new epoch for Chinese characters'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1999, pp. 2-4.
78. Edwards, John, Language, Society and Identity, Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell Ltd, 1989, (first edition, 1985).
79. Engels, F., Anti-Dühring, Moscow: Co-operative Publishing Society, 1934.
80. Erikson, Erik H., Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History, New York: Norton, 1958.
81. Erikson, Erik H., 'The problem of ego identity', in Stein, Maurice et al., Identity and Anxiety, Glencoe, Illinois: Free Press, 1960.
82. Erikson, Erik H., Childhood and Society, New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 1963 (first published 1950).
83. Erikson, Erik H., 'The concept of identity in race relations', Daedalus 95, winter 1966, pp. 145-71.
84. Erikson, Erik H., Dimensions of a New Identity, New York: Norton, 1974.
85. Erikson, Erik H., The Life Cycle Completed, New York: Norton, 1982.
86. Fang Keli, 'Ping Lixing yu Shengming ' ['A review of Rationality and Life'], in Xiandai xinruxue yu Zhongguo xiandai hua [New Confucianism and China's Modernization], Tianjin: Tianjin renmin chubanshe, 1997.
87. Fang Ning et al., Quanqiuhua yinying xia de Zhongguo zhi lu [China's Road under the Shadow of Globalization], Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1999.
88. Feng Youlan (Fung Yu-lan), A History of Chinese Philosophy, translated by D. Bodde, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1952-3.
89. Fewsmith, Joseph, China since Tiananmen - The Politics of Transition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.
90. Fichte, J.G., Addresses to German Nation, Chicago and London: Open Court, 1922.
91. Fishman, J., 'Progress in language planning: a few concluding sentiments', in J. Cobarrubia and J. Fishman (eds), Progress in Language Planning, Berlin: Mouton, 1983.
92. Fishman, J.A., Language and Nationalism - Two Interpretative Essays, Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House Publishers, 1972.
93. Fitzgerald, John, 'The nationless state', in Jonathan Unger (ed.), Chinese Nationalism, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
94. Fitzgerald, John, Awakening China - Politics, Culture, and Class in the Nationalist Revolution, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
95. Fogel, J. and Zarrow, P. (eds), Imagining the People: Chinese Intellectuals and the Concept of Citizenship, 1890-1920, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1997.
96. Forney, Matt, 'Patriotic games', Far Eastern Economic Review 3, October 1996, pp. 22-8.
97. Gadamer, Hans Georg, Philosophical Hermeneutics, translated and edited by David E. Linge, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.
98. Gan Yang, 'Xiangtu Zhongguo chongjian yu Zhongguo wenhua qianjing' ['The reconstruction of rural China and prospects for Chinese culture'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 16, April 1993, pp. 4-12.
99. Gao Yihong, 'Preface', in Gao Yihong (ed.), Collected Essays of Shen Xiaolong on Chinese Cultural Linguistics (in English), Changchun: Northeast Normal University Press, 1997.
100. Ge Hongbing, 'Jingti xia'ai de minzuzhuyi' ['On guard against narrow nationalism'], Zhongguo qingnian yanjiu [Chinese Youth Studies] 1, 1998, pp. 32-3.
101. Gellner, Ernest, Nations and Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.
102. Giddens, Anthony, The Nation-State and Violence, vol. 2: A Contemporary Critique of Historical Materialism, Cambridge: Polity Press, 1985.
103. Gilley, Bruce, 'Potboiler nationalism', Far Eastern Economic Review 3, October 1996, p. 24.
104. Gleitman, L. and Gleitman, H., Phrase and Paraphrase, New York: Norton, 1970.
105. Goldman, Merle, 'Politically engaged intellectuals in the 1990s', The China Quarterly 159, September 1999, pp. 700-11.
106. Goldman, M., Link, P. and Su, W., 'China's intellectuals in the Deng Era', in L. Dittmer and S. Kim (eds), China's Quest for National Identity, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1993.
107. Gong Shuduo, 'Yuan Shikai zhi an fan bu de' ['The verdict on Yuan Shikai must not be reversed'], Zhongliu [Midstream] 11, 1995, pp. 36-7.
108. Goodin, Robert and Pettit, Philip, 'Preface' to A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, Oxford and Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1993.
109. Goodman, David S.G., 'Structuring local identity: nation, province and county in Shanxi during the 1990s', The China Quarterly 172, December 2002, pp. 837-62.
110. Gu Xin, 'Bolin yu ziyou minzhuzhuyi sixiang' ['Berlin and liberal nationalism'], Gonggong luncong [Res Publica] 5, November 1998, pp. 227-42.
111. Guo Jian, 'Politics of othering and postmodernization of the cultural revolution', Postcolonial Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, July 1999, pp. 213-29.
112. Guo Moruo, 'Basic reform of Chinese writing', in Peter J. Seybolt and Gregory Kuei Ke Chiang (eds), Language Reform in China, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1979.
113. Guo Qiyong, 'Ruxue de shengsi guanhuai jiqi dangdai yiyi' ['Confucian concerns about life and death, and their modern significance'], in China Confucius Foundation (ed.), Confucianism and the Twenty-First Century, Beijing: Huaxia chubanshe, 1996.
114. Harootunian, H.D., 'Postcoloniality's unconscious/area studies' desire', Postcolonial Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, July 1999, pp. 127-47.
115. Harrell, Stevan, 'Introduction', J.N. Lipman and Stevan Harrell (eds), Violence in China: Essays in Culture and Counterculture, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.
116. Hayek, F., Law, Legislation and Liberty, ii, The Mirage of Social Justice, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976.
117. Hayek, F., 'The atavism of social justice', New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978.
118. He Baogang, 'Legitimacy in the Deng era in China: a critical reappraisal', The Journal of Communist Studies, vol. 7, no. 1, 1991, pp. 20-45.
119. He Baogang, The Democratization of China, London and New York: Routledge, 1996.
120. He Baogang and Guo Yingjie, Nationalism, National Identity and Democratization in China, Aldershot, England: Ashgate, 2000.
121. Held, D. and Leftwich, A., 'A discipline of politics?', in A. Leftwich (ed.), What Is Politics?, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1984.
122. Hoston, Germaine, The State, Identity, and the National Question in China and Japan, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
123. Hroch, Miroslav, 'From national movement to fully formed nation', New Left Review 198, March 1993, pp. 3-20.
124. Hu Fagui, Rujia wenhua yu aiguo chuantong [Confucianism and the Patriotic Tradition], Shanghai: Shanghai shehui kexue chubanshe, 1998.
125. Hu Mingyang, in Hu Mingyang et al., ' "Xin shiqi yuyan wenzi guifanhua" bitan' ['A discussion of "language standardization in a new era" '], Zhongguo renmin daxue xuebao [Journal of the Chinese People's University] 4, 1995, pp. 81-91.
126. Hu Ping et al., 'Guanyu Zhongguo jindaishi jiben xiansuo wenti' ['A few questions about the basic framework of modern Chinese history'], Wenshizhe [Literature, History and Philosophy] 3, 1983, pp. 49-56.
127. Hu Shuangbao, Hanyu, hanzi he han wenhua [Chinese, Chinese Characters, and Chinese Culture], Beijing: Beijing University Press, 1998.
128. Hucker, Charles, 'Confucianism and the censorial system', in D. Navison and A. Wright (eds), Confucianism in Action, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1977.
129. Humboldt, Wilhelm, Freiherr von, Linguistic Variability & Intellectual Development, translated by George C. Buck and Frithjof A. Raven, Coral Gables, Fla.: University of Miami Press, 1971.
130. Hutchinson, John, The Dynamics of Cultural Nationalism, London: Allen & Unwin, 1987.
131. Hutchinson, John and Smith, Anthony (eds), Nationalism, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
132. James, Paul, Nation Formation, London: Sage Publications, 1996.
133. Janowitz, Morris, The Reconstruction of Patriotism, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
134. Ji Jin, 'Hanzi yanjiu de chuntian' ['The spring of Chinese character research'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 2, 1990, pp. 18-21.
135. Ji Weidong, 'Dierci sixiang jiefang haishi wutuobang?' ['A second thought emancipation or a utopia?'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 25, October 1994, pp. 4-10.
136. Ji, Xianlin, 'Zhongguo zhishifenzi de aiguo chuantong' ['The patriotic tradition among Chinese intellectuals'], Xinhua wenzhai [New China Digest] 5, 1989, pp. 164-7.
137. Ji Xianlin, Langrun suoyan [A Collection of Essays], Shanghai: Shanghai wenyi chubanshe, 1997.
138. Jiang Duo, 'Lüelun Zeng Guofan qi ren' ['A brief evaluation of Zeng Guofan'], Shehui kexue [Social Sciences] 2, 1989, pp. 74-7.
139. Jiang Linxiang, 'Zou xiang xin shiji de Zhongguo ruxue' ['Confucianism in China marching towards a new century'], in China Confucius Foundation (ed.), Confucianism and the Twenty-First Century, 1996.
140. Jiang Niantao, 'Dui minzu ziwo zhongxin de fanbo' ['A retortion upon the self-centrism of nationality'], Jianghan luntan [Jianghan Forum] 3, 1996, pp. 33-5.
141. Jiang Qing, 'Chaoyue xifang minzhu, huigui Rujia benyuan' ['Transcend Western democracy and return to the Confucian roots'], Zhongguo shehui kexue jikan [Chinese Social Sciences Quarterly] 17, winter 1996, pp. 110-31.
142. Jiang Qing, Zhengzhi ruxue - dangdai ruxue de zhuanxiang, tezhi yu fazhan [Political Confucianism - the Transformation, Characteristics and Development of Modern Confucianism], Beijing daxue chubanshe, 1998.
143. Jiang Yihua, 'Lun ershi shiji zhongguo de minzuzhuyi' ['On Chinese nationalism in the 20th century'], Fudan xuebao (shehui kexue ban) [Fudan University Journal] 3, 1993, pp. 8-13.
144. Jiang Zemin, cited in editorial, 'Jixu guanche zhixing guojia xianxing de yuyan wenzi gongzuo fangzhen zhengce, hanzi jianhua de fangxiang buneng gaibian' ['Continue to implement the current state language policy and uphold the direction of simplication'], Yuwen jianshe [Construction of Chinese] 1, 1993, p. 2.
145. Jiang Zemin, 'Zai xinde lishi tiaojianxia jicheng he fayang aiguozhuyi chuantong' ['Carry on and develop the tradition of patriotism in new historical circumstances'], in Xiao Haisu et al., (eds), Shehuizhuyi jingshen wenming jianshe xuexi gongzuo shouce [A Work Manual for the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization], Beijing: Zhonggong dangshi chubanshe, 1997.
146. Jiang Zemin, 'Zai Zhongguo gongchandang shisi jie liuzhong quanhui shang de jianghua' ['Speech at the closing session of the sixth plenum of the 14th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party'], in Xiao Haisu et al., (eds), A Work Manual for the Construction of Socialist Spiritual Civilization, Beijing: Zhong-gong dangshi chubanshe, 1997.
147. Kahn, Hans, The Idea of Nationalism, New York: Macmillan, 1994.
148. Karlgren, Bernard, Sound and Symbol in Chinese, London: Oxford University Press, 1923.
149. Kedourie, Elie, Nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
150. Kristeva, Julia, About Chinese Women, translated by Anita Barrows, New York: Urizon, 1977 (first edition 1974).
151. Langacker, R., 'An initial look at language', in R. Abrahams and R. Troike (eds), Language and Cultural Diversity in American Education, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1972.
152. Langlois, John D., 'Chinese culturalism and the Yuan analogy: seventeenth century perspectives', Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 40, no. 2, 1980, pp. 355-98.
153. Lau, D.C. (trans.), Mencius, London: Penguin Books, 1970.
154. Legge, James (trans.), Book of Changes, in Sacred Books of the East, vol. XVI, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1899.
155. Lenin, V.I., Collected Works, vol. 29 and vol. 38, London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1960.
156. Lenneberg, E., Biological Foundations of Language, New York: Wiley, 1967.
157. Levenson, Joseph, 'The suggestiveness of vestiges: Confucianism and monarchy at the last', in D. Navison and A. Wright (eds), Confucianism in Action, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1977.
158. Leys, Simon (trans.), The Analects of Confucius, New York and London: W.W. Norton & Company, 1997.
159. Li Minsheng, 'An Zijie lun hanzi shi Zhonghua minzu wenhua de gen' ['An Zijie's theory of characters as the root of Chinese culture'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1996, pp. 21-5.
160. Li Minsheng, 'Guanyu fantizi wenti' ['The question of fanti'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 2002, pp. 22-30.
161. Li Rui, 'Wei shenme "dufu Zeng Wenzheng"' ['Why did Mao admire Zeng Guofan?'], Dushu [Reading] 2, 1992, pp. 8-17.
162. Li Ruihuan, 'Guanyu hongyang minzu youxiu wenhua de ruogan wenti' ['Some questions relevant to enhancing the outstanding elements of national culture'], Renmin ribao [The People's Daily], 10 January 1990.
163. Li Tao, 'Hanzi luohoulun yu hanyu ladinghua de zhongjie' ['The end of the "theory of backward Chinese" and of Latinization'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 3, 1991, pp. 45-51.
164. Li Weihan, 'Zhongguo gongchandang yu renmin minzhu tongyizhangxian' ['The Chinese Communist Party and the People's Democratic United Front'], Renmin Zhongguo [People's China], IV: 1, 1 July 1951, p. 38.
165. Li Xianghai, 'Dangdai Zhongguo wenhua baoshouzhuyi de neihan, yiyi yu kunjing' ['The content, significance and dilemma of contemporary Chinese cultural conservatism'], Tianjin shehui kexue [Tianjin Social Sciences] 1, 1998, pp. 60-1.
166. Li Xing, 'Lun guojia minzuzhuyi gainian' ['On the concept of state nationalism'], Beijing daxue xuebao (zhexue shehui kexue ban) [Beijing University Journal] 4, 1995, pp. 74-80.
167. Li Yi, Zhongguo Makesi zhuyi yu xiandai xinruxue [Chinese Marxism and Neo-Confucianism], Shenyang: Liaoning University Press, 1994.
168. Li Zehou, 'Yu Wang Desheng duitan', ['A conversation with Wang Desheng'], Shiji xinmeng [New Dream of the Century], Hefei: Anhui wenyi chubanshe, 1998.
169. Li Zehou and Liu Zaifu (eds), Gaobie geming: huiwang ershi shiji Zhongguo [Farewell to Revolution: Looking Back on Twentieth Century China], Hong Kong: Tiandi tushu youxian gongsi, 1995.
170. Li Zonggui (ed.), Rujia wenhua yu Zhonghua minzhu ningjuli [Confucianism and the Cohesion of the Chinese Nation], Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin chubanshe, 1998.
171. Liang Houpu, 'Zhongwen de youyuexing' ['The superiority of Chinese'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1990, pp. 60-2.
172. Liang Shuming, The Complete Works of Liang Shuming, vol. 1, Jinan: Shangdong renmin chubanshe, 1989.
173. Lin Yu-sheng, The Crisis of Chinese Consciousness, Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1979.
174. Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation, Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1996.
175. Liu Bin, 'Liu Bin zai 1992 nian quanguo jiaoyu gongzuo huiyi shang guanyu yuyan wenzi gongzuo wenti de fayan' ['Speech on the language question at the 1992 national conference on education'], in Li Xingjian (ed.), Zhongguo yuyanxue nianjian [Chinese Linguistics Language Yearbook], Beijing: Yuwen chubanshe, 1993.
176. Liu Bin, 'Zai quanguo yuyan wenzi gongzuo xianjin danwei xianjin gongzuozhe biaozhang dahui shang de jianghua' ['Speech at the closing ceremony'], Yuwen jianshe [Construction of Chinese] 1, 1993, pp. 8-9.
177. Liu Dong, 'Jingti renwei de "yangjingbang" xuefeng' ['On the alert against "pidgin academics" '], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 32, December 1995, pp. 4-13.
178. Liu Guochang, 'Wei hongyang Zhonghua minzu canlan wenhua zuo gongxian - fang hanzi xiandaihua yanjiuhui huizhang Xu Dejiang' [' "Contributing to the promotion of the glorious culture of the Chinese nation" - an interview with Xu Dejiang, Deputy-president of the Association of Research on the Modernization of Chinese Characters'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 3, 1990, pp. 56-7.
179. Liu Juning, 'Xinjiapo: rujia ziyouzhuyi de tiaozhan' ['Singapore: the challenge of Confucian liberalism'], Dushu [Reading] 2, 1993, pp. 9-15.
180. Liu Junning, 'Minzuzhuyi simianguan' ['Four dimensions of nationalism'], Nanfang wenhua [Southern Culture] 6, 1997, pp. 25-8.
181. Liu Junning, 'Baoshou zhuyi yu ziyouzhuyi zhijian - cong Hayeke dao Zhongguo' ['Between conservatism and liberalism - from Hayek to China'], in Li Shitao (ed.), Zhishi fenzide lichang [The Position of the Intellectuals], Changchun: Shidai wenyi chubanshe, 2000, p. 504.
182. Liu Leyang, 'Lüetan Zeng Guofan de lishi gongzui yu xueshu diwei' ['A brief evaluation of Zeng Guofan's merits and demerits and his intellectual influence'], Jianghai xuekan [Jianghai Monthly] 4, 1987, pp. 82-6.
183. Liu Runwei, 'Zhimin wenhua lun' ['On colonial culture'], Qiushi [Seeking Truth] 5, 1996, pp. 26-33.
184. Liu Shuxian (Liu Sshu-hsien), Zhongguo zhexue yu xiandaihua [Chinese Philosophy and Modernization], Taibei: Taiwan shibao wenhua chuban gongsi, 1980.
185. Liu Xiaobo, 'Contemporary Chinese intellectuals and politics', Zhengming 4, 1989, pp. 78-81.
186. Liu Zhifeng (ed.), Moral China [Daode Zhongguo], Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1999.
187. Lowe, Lisa, Critical Terrains: French and British Orientalisms, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
188. Lu Xinning, 'Jingcheng dajie kan paibian' ['Shop signs in Beijing'], Renmin robao [The People's Daily], 6 December 1992, p. 3.
189. Luo Fuhui, Zhongguo minzhuzhuyi sixiang lungao [A Treatise on Chinese Nationalism], Wuhan: Huazhong shifan daxue chubanshe, 1996.
190. Luo Rongqu, 'Hanzi: shenqi de wenzi, wenhua de gongchen' ['Chinese characters: a miraculous script that has contributed greatly to Chinese culture'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1994, pp. 9-12.
191. Luo Yijun, 'Jin shi yu nian dangdai xinruxue de yanjiu yu suowei menhu wenti' ['Studies on Neo-Confucianism in the last decade and the quarrel among different schools'], Ruxue yu dangjin shijie [Confucianism and the World Today], Taibei: Wenjin chubanshe, 1994.
192. Luo Yijun et al. (eds), Lixing yu shengming [Rationality and Life], vols I and II, Shanghai: Shanghai shudian chubanshe, 1994.
193. Ma Qingyu, 'Duiyu wenhua baoshouzhuyi de jianxing' ['A Critique of cultural conservatism'], Zhongguo renmin daxue xuebao [Journal of the Chinese People's University] 3, 1997, pp. 32-7.
194. Ma Yongshan, 'Zeng Guofan 'Hanjian' shuo zhiyi' ['Questioning Zeng Guofan's label of "a traitor to the Han"'], Nei Menggu minzu shiyuan xuebao [Journal of the Nationalities Teachers' College of Inner Mongolia] 1, 1987, pp. 82-4.
195. Ma, B., Li, W., Gong, S. and Zhang, H., 'Qingchu zhimin wenhua xinli, tingqi Zhonghua minzhu jiliang' ['Eradicate the colonial cultural mentality and straighten the spine of the Chinese nation'], Guangming ribao [The Enlightenment Daily], 27 February 1996.
196. MacFarquauhar, Roderick (ed.), The Politics of China, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
197. Madsen, Richard, 'The public sphere, civil society and moral community: a research agenda for contemporary China studies', Modern China, vol. 19, no. 2, April 1993, pp. 183-98.
198. Marx, K., The Poverty of Philosophy, Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1956.
199. Marx, K. and Engels, F., The German Ideology, Moscow: Progress Publishers,1968.
200. Marx, K. and Engels, F., Selected Works, vol. 1, Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1973.
201. Miao Runtian, 'Ruxue yu xiandai hua de zhongjie' ['Confucianism and the transition to modernity'], Dongyue luncong [Shandong Forum] 2, 1990, pp. 77-8.
202. Mill, John S., Representative Government, reprinted in part in Zimmern, A, Modern Political Doctrines, London: Oxford University Press, 1939.
203. Miller, David, On Nationality, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995.
204. Minogue, K.R., Nationalism, New York: Basic Books, 1967.
205. Mou Zongsan (Mou Tsung-san), Shidai yu ganshou [Times and Reflections], Taibei: Ehu chubanshe, 1984.
206. Mou Zongsan (Mou Tsung-san), Daode de lixiangzhuyi [Moral Idealism], Taibei: Xuesheng shuju, 1985.
207. Mu Fu-sheng, The Wilting of the Hundred Flowers: The Chinese Intelligentsia under Mao, New York: Praeger, 1962.
208. Oakeshott, Michael, Experience and Its Modes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
209. Oksenberg, Michel, 'China's confident nationalism', Foreign Affairs, vol. 65, no. 3, 1987, pp. 501-23.
210. Peng Qian, 'Tantan Zeng Guofan yanjiu wenti' ['On the study of Zeng Guofan'], Qunyan [Vox Populi] 1, 1986, pp. 34-5.
211. Pfaff, Richard, 'The function of Arab nationalism', Comparative Politics 2, 1970, pp. 147-68.
212. Pi Mingyong, 'Minzuzhuyi yu rujia wenhua' ['Nationalism and Confucian culture'], Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and Management] 2, 1996, pp. 51-7.
213. Plamenatz, John, 'Two types of nationalism', in E. Kameka (ed.), Nationalism: the Nature and Evolution of An Idea, London: Edward Arnold, 1976.
214. Plano, Jack and Olton, Roy, The International Relations Dictionary, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc, 1996.
215. Pye, Lucian, The Spirit of Chinese Politics, Cambridge, Mass. and London, England: The M.I.T. Press, 1968.
216. Pye, Lucian, 'Identity and political culture', in Binder, Leonard et al., (eds), Crisis and Sequences in Political Development, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1971.
217. Qi Huyang and Wang Minmin, 'Shanghai Pudong xinqu shangye guanggao zhong fantizi shiyong qingkuang de diaocha' ['A survey of the use of fanti in commercial advertisements in Shanghai's Pudong district'], Yuyan wenzi yingyong [The Use of Language] 3, 1999, pp. 47-54.
218. Qian Weichang, 'Hazi wenhua shi suoyou Zhongguoren de gongshi gongqi de jichu; aiguo, tongyi jinbu shi suoyou Zhongguoren de guangming qiantu' ['Speech at the Conference, 'The Chinese Character Culture Is a Basis of Consensus for All Chinese; A Bright Future for All Chinese Lies in Patriotism, Unification and Progress'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1991, pp. 24-7.
219. Rao Huaimin and Wang Xiaotian, 'Zeng Guofan yanjiu shuping' ['An overview of Zeng Guofan studies'], Hunan shifan daxue shehui kexue xuebao [Journal of Hunan Normal University - Social Sciences] 5, 1986, pp. 3-10.
220. Ren Jiyu, 'Ren Jiyu xiansheng jianhua' ['Speech at the seminar on the question of fanti'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1992, pp. 7-8.
221. Ren Jiyu, Tian ren zhi ji [Between Heaven and Man], Shanghai: Shanghai wenyi chubanshe, 1998.
222. Renan, Ernest, 'What is a nation?', in Zimmern, A., Modern Political Doctrines, London: Oxford University Press, 1939.
223. Renwick, Nei and Cao Qing, 'China's political discourse towards the 21st century: victimhood, identity, and political power', East Asia: An International Quarterly, winter, vol. 12, no. 4, 1999, pp. 111-22.
224. Rocker, Rudolf, Nationalism and Culture, London: Freedom Press, 1937.
225. Rosen, Stanley, 'The effect of post-4 June re-education campaigns on Chinese students', The China Quarterly 132, June 1993, pp. 311-34.
226. Rustow, Dankwart A., A World of Nations: Problems of Political Modernization, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institute, 1967.
227. Said, Edward, Orientalism, London, England: Penguin Books (first published by Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978).
228. Said, Edward, Culture and Imperialism, London, England: Vintage, 1994 (first published by Chatto & Windus, 1993).
229. Sapir, Edward, 'Language and national; antagonisms', in Alain Locke and Bernard Stern (eds), When People Meet, New York: Progressive Education Association, 1942.
230. Sapir, Edward, Selected Writings of Edward Sapir in Language, Culture and Personality, edited by David G. Mandelbaum, Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1949.
231. Saunders, Philip, 'China's American watchers: changing attitudes towards the United States', The China Quarterly 161, March 2000, pp. 41-65.
232. Seton-Watson, Hugh, Nations and States: An Enquiry into the Origins of Nations and the Politics of Nationalism, London: Methuen, 1977.
233. Sha Lianxiang, Zhongguo shehui wenhua xinli [Cultural Psychology in the Chinese Society], Beijing: Zhongguo shehui chubanshe, 1998.
234. Shambaugh, David, 'Peaceful coexistence vs. peaceful evolution', Issues & Studies, vol. 28 (11), no. 11, November 1992, pp. 65-85.
235. Shen Jiarong, 'Zeng Guofan "maiguozei an" xintan' ['A revaluation of the Zeng Guofan "case of treason" '], Shixue yuekan [Historical Studies Monthly] 1, 1990, pp. 45-50.
236. Shen Jiazhuang, 'Zeng Guofan yu Hong Xiuquan bijiao' ['A comparison of Zeng Guofan and Hong Xiuquan'], Guangming ribao [The Enlightenment Daily], 5 August 1987, p. 3.
237. Shen Xiaolong, 'Preface', in Zouxiang xinshiji de yuyanxue [Linguistics Towards a New Century], Taibei: Wanjuanlou tushu youxian gongsi, 1998.
238. Shi Xingzhou, 'Dui Zeng Guofan pingjia de zhenglun' ['Contending evaluations of Zeng Guofan'] Jiefang ribao [The Liberation Daily], 25 January 1987.
239. Shotter, John (ed.), Cultural Politics of Everyday Life, Buckingham: Open University Press, 1993.
240. Shuang Yi, 'Xuezhe xiance, quanzhe juece' ['Academics offer policy advice, the powers-that-be make the decisions'], Zhongguo shibao zhoukan [Chinese Times Weekly] 94, 17-23 October 1993, pp. 16-18.
241. Sieyès, E.J., What Is the Third Estate? London: Pall Mall Press, 1963.
242. Slyke, Lyman P. Van, Enemies and Friends - The United Front in Chinese Communist History, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1967.
243. Smith, Anthony, Theories of Nationalism, London: Duckworth, 1971.
244. Smith, Anthony, The Ethnic Revival, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.
245. Smith, Anthony, National Identity, Reno, Las Vegas and London: University of Nevada Press, 1993 (first published by Penguin Books, 1991).
246. Song Liming, 'Minzuzhuyi yu Xizang wenti' ['Nationalism and the Tibet problem'], Modern China Studies 2, 1997, pp. 159-67.
247. Song Ping, 'Zai quanguo zuzhi buzhang huiyi shang de jianghua' ['Speech at the national meeting of organization department heads'], in Zhonggong zhongyang wenxian yanjiushi (ed.), Shisanda yilai wenxian xuanbian, zhong [Important Documents Since the Thirteenth Party Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, vol. 2], Beijing: Zhongyang wenxian chubanshe, 1991.
248. Song Ping, 'Speech at the National Defence University', in Zhang Weiping (ed.), Xin dangwu gongzuo shouce [A New Work Manual for Party Affairs], Beijing: Zhongguo yanshi chubanshe, 1995.
249. Song Qiang et al., Zhongguo keyi shuo bu [China Can Say No], Beijing: Zhonghua gongshang lianhe chubanshe, 1996.
250. Song Quan, 'Guanyu minzuzhuyi de jige wenti' ['On several topics about nationalism'], Heilongjiang congkan [Heilongjiang Journal] 2, 1996, pp. 31-4.
251. Su Peicheng, 'Jianjue guanche zhixing guojia de yuwen zhengce' ['Resolutely uphold the current state language policy'], Zhongguo jiayu bao [China Education Daily], 25 January 1997, p. 3.
252. Sun Wanzhong (ed.), Jiaoyu falü fagui quanshu [A Collection of Educational Laws and Regulations], Beijing: Zhongguo falu nianjian she, 1998.
253. Sun Yat-sen, Sanminzhuyi [Three Principles of the People], translated by Frank W. Price, Shanghai: Institute of Pacific Relations, 1927.
254. Tan Bing, 'Zhonghua minzu de ningjuli de wenhua chanshi' ['A cultural explanation of the coherence of the Chinese nation'] in Li Zonggui (ed.), Rujia wenhua yu Zhonghua minzu ningjuli [The Confucian Tradition and the Coherence of the Chinese Nation], Guangzhou: Guangdong renmin chubanshe, 1998.
255. Tang Changli, 'Shidai tezheng yu rujia gongneng' ['Characteristics of the times and the function of Confucianism'], Dongyue luncong [Shandong Forum] 1, 1989, pp. 14-16.
256. Tang Songbo, 'Gongtong hanzi, jiantizi he fantizi' ['Common Chinese characters, simplified characters and traditional characters'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1998, pp. 21-4.
257. Tang Xiaobing, Global Space and the Nationalist Discourse of Modernity, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996.
258. Tang Yijie, 'Luelun ruxue de dangdai yiyi' ['The significance of Confucianism in the modern world'], in China Confucius Foundation (ed.), Ryxue yu ershiyi shiji [Confucianism and the Twenty-First Century], Beijing: huaxia chubanshe, 1996.
259. Tang Yongsheng, 'Minzuzhuyi yu guoji zhixu' ['Nationalism and the international order'], Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and Management] 3, 1996, pp. 76-9.
260. Tao Dongfeng, 'Xiandai Zhongguo de minzuzhuyi' ['Nationalism in modern China'], Xueshu yuekan [Academic Monthly] 6, 1994, pp. 6-9.
261. Tao Dongfeng, Shehui zhuanxing yu dangdai zhishifenzi [Social Transformation and the Contemporary Intellectual], Shanghai: Sanlian shudian, 1999.
262. Taylor, Charles, Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992.
263. Taylor, Charles, The Ethics of Authenticity, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1992.
264. Tian Tong, 'Guanyu minzuzhuyi lilun de ruogan jiexi' ['Various analyses of nationalism theory'], Shixue yuekan [Historical Studies Monthly] 5, 1997, pp. 9-13.
265. Townsend, James, 'Chinese nationalism', in Unger, Jonathan (ed.), Chinese Nationalism, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996;.
266. Trudgill, P. Sociolinguistics, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1974.
267. Tu Wei-ming (ed.), The Living Tree, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994.
268. Unger, Jonathan, Chinese Nationalism, Armonk, New York: M.E. Sharpe, 1996.
269. Waley, Arthur (trans.), The Analects of Confucius, London: Allen & Unwin, 1945.
270. Wang Gungwu, The Chineseness of China, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.
271. Wang Gungwu, 'National choice', Asian Studies Review, vol. 20, no. 2, 1996, pp. 1-6.
272. Wang Gungwu, 'The revival of Chinese nationalism', IIAS Lecture Series, Leiden, 1996.
273. Wang Hongchen and Wang Mingzhi, 'Yuyan guifanhua: jiaqiang wenhua guanli de yige zhongyao fangmian' ['Language standardization: a crucial aspect of cultural management'], Yuwen jianshe [Construction of Chinese] 1, 1997, pp. 56-7.
274. Wang Hui and Zhang Tianwei, 'Wenhua piping lilun yu dangdai Zhongguo minzuzhuyi wenti' ['Theories of cultural critique and the problem of nationalism in contemporary China'], Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and Management] 4, 1994, pp. 17-20.
275. Wang Huning, 'Zuowei guojia shili de wenhua: ruan quanli' ['Culture as a component of national strength: soft power'], Fudan xuebao (sheke ban) [Fudan University Journal] 3, 1993, pp. 91-6.
276. Wang Huning, 'Wenhua kuozhang yu wenhua zhuquan: dui zhuquan guannian de tiaozhan' ['Cultural expansion and cultural sovereignty: challenges to the concept of sovereignty'], Fudan xuebao (sheke ban) [Fudan University Journal] 3, 1994, pp. 9-15.
277. Wang Jianwei, 'Weihu zhongyang quanwei shi quandang quanguo renmin de zuigao liyi suozai' ['To safeguard the authority of the Party is in the best interest of the whole Party and the whole nation'], Qiushi [Seeking Truth] 8, 1995, pp. 26-9.
278. Wang Linmao, 'Rujia lunli guannian zhidao xia de Zeng Guofan Hua yang jiaoshe sixiang' ['Zeng Guofan's thought on Sino-foreign negotiations guided by Confucian ethics'], Jindaishi yanjiu [Research on Modern Chinese History] 3, 1996, pp. 165-89.
279. Wang Ning, 'Dongfang zhuyi, hou zhimin zhuyi he wenhua baquan zhuyi pipan' ['Orientalism, postcolonialism and criticism of cultural hegemony'], Beijing daxue xuebao (sheke ban) [Beijing University Journal] 2, 1995, pp. 54-62.
280. Wang Pengling, 'Zhongguo minzuzhuyi de yuanliu jianlun cong geming de minzuzhuyi zhuanxiang jianshe de minzuzhuyi' ['Source of Chinese nationalism - on the transformation from revolutionary nationalism to constructive nationalism'], Modern China Studies 2, 1997, pp. 101-27.
281. Wang Shaopu, 'Zeng Guofan yangwu sixiang de xingcheng, xingzhi he zuoyong' ['The formation, nature, and role of Zeng Guofan's ideas on modernization'], Lishi yanjiu [Historical Studies] 2, 1983, pp. 164-77.
282. Wang Yichuan et al., 'Bianyuan, zhongxin Dongfang, Xifang' ['Margin, centre, east, west'], Dushu [Reading] 1, 1994, pp. 146-52.
283. Wang Yizhou, 'Dong'ou fangshi, dongya fangshi, Zhongguo daolu' ['The Eastern European model, the East Asian model, and China's road'], Tianjin shehui kexue [Tianjin Social Sciences] 1, 1993, pp. 33-7.
284. Wang Yongxiang and Pan Zhifeng, 'Ruxue yu Zhongguo xiandaihua' ['Confucianism and China's modernization'], in China Confucius Foundation (ed.), Ruxue yu ershiyi shiji [Confucianism and the Twenty-First Century], vol. I, Beijing: Huaxia chubanshe, 1996.
285. Wang Zhankui (ed.), Guoqi, guohui, guoge zhishi wenda [The National Flag, the State Emblem, the National Anthem - Questions and Answers], Beijing: Guojia xingzheng xueyuan chubanshe, 1997.
286. Wang Zhengping, 'U.S. "human rights diplomacy" is doomed to fail', Renmin ribao [The People's Daily], 4 March 1996, trans. in FBIS-CHI-96-054, 19 March 1996, p. 10.
287. Wang Zigen, ' "Shijimo" de wenhua jingyu yu women de chulu - Beijing daxue bijiao wenxue yanjiusuo Zhong Xi wenhua "pingxing yanjiu" yu "huayu jiangou" taolunhui jiyao' ['The cultural milieu at the end of the century and our way out - a report on the symposium on "parallel studies" and "discourse construction" '], Wenyi zhengming [Literary Debates] 2, 1994, pp. 32-5.
288. Weber, M., 'The nation', in Gerth, H.H. and Wright-Mills, C. (trans. and ed.) From Max Weber: Essays in Sociology, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1948.
289. Wen Zhizhou, 'Ershiyisuo gaoxiao xuesheng xinli diaocha fankui zongshu' ['Summarizing the feedback from an investigation of the psychology of students from 29 universities'], Jiangxi gaojiao yanjiu [Jiangxi Journal of Research on Tertiary Education] 1, 1988, p. 28.
290. Whiting, Allen, 'Assertive nationalism in Chinese foreign policy', Asian Survey, vol. xxiii, no. 8, 1983, pp. 913-33.
291. Whiting, Allen, 'Chinese nationalism and foreign policy after Deng', The China Quarterly 142, June 1995, pp. 295-316.
292. Whorf, Benjamin, Language, Thought and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Whorf, edited and with an introduction by John B. Carroll, Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press, 1998 (first edition 1956).
293. Wittgenstein, Ludwig, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, translated by D.F. Pears and B.F. McGuinness, London: New York: Routledge, 1994.
294. Wong Yu, 'Boy wonder', Far Eastern Economic Review 3, October 1996, p. 26.
295. Wright, Arthur, 'Introduction' to The Confucian Persuasion, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1960.
296. Wu Chuke, 'Dui Dangdai minzuzhuyi sichao fanlan de pingxi' ['Comments on and analyses of the spread of nationalism in the present age'], Neimenggu shehui kexue (wenxueshi ban) [Inner Mongolia Social Sciences] 3, 1996, pp. 6-12.
297. Wu Guoguang, 'Yi lixing minzuzhuyi kangheng "weidu Zhongguo"' ['Responding to "containing China" with rational nationalism'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 34, 1996, pp. 25-33.
298. Wu Renyan, 'Yueding sucheng, wenbu qianjin' ['Follow the flow and move forward steadily'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1997, pp. 1-2.
299. Xia Yinying, 'Zhimin wenhua xianxiang yu wenhua zhimin zhuyi' ['Phenomena of colonial culture and cultural colonialism'], Wenyi lilun yu piping [Literary Theory and Criticism] 2, 1996, pp. 129-39.
300. Xiao Gongqin, 'Dongya quanwei zhengzhi yu xiandaihua' ['East Asian authoritarianism and modernization'], Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and Management] 2, 1994, pp. 28-34.
301. Xiao Gongqin, 'Minzuzhuyi yu zhongguo zhuanxing shiqi de yishi xingtai' ['Nationalism and ideology in China during the period of transformation'], Zhanlüe yu guanli [Strategy and Management] 4, 1994, pp. 21-5.
302. Xiong Kunxin, 'Guanyu minzuzhuyi zhenglun zhong de jige redian wenti' ['On several hot topics concerning nationalism'], Guizhou minzu yanjiu [Guizhou Journal of Ethnic Studies] 4, 1996, pp. 1-6.
303. Xu Ben, '"Disan shijie piping" zai dangjin Zhongguo de chujing' ['The condition of "Third-World criticism" in contemporary China'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 27, February 1995, pp. 16-27.
304. Xu Dejiang, 'Kaibi yuyan wenzi yanjiu yu jiaoxue de xin tiandi' ['Break new ground in the research on and teaching of language'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1991, pp. 14-27.
305. Xu Jialu, 'Guanyu hanzi jianhua wenti da Taiwan xuezhe wen' ['The simplification of Chinese characters - an interview with a Taiwanese scholar'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 2, 1990, pp. 37-40.
306. Xu Jilin, Xunqiu yiyi [In Search of Meaning], Shanghai: Shanghai sanlian shudian, 1997.
307. Xu Shanhe, 'Zeng Guofan shi aiguozhe' ['Zeng Guofan was a patriot'], Xiangtan daxue xuebao (sheke ban) [Xiangtan University Journal] 1, 1989, pp. 86-90.
308. Xu Youyu, 'Ziyouzhuyi yu dangdai Zhongguo' ['Liberalism and contemporary China'], in Li Shitao (ed.), Zhishi fenzide lichang [The Position of the Intellectuals], Changchun: Shidai wenyi chubanshe, 2000, p. 415.
309. Yang Guoqiang, 'Zeng Guofan jianlun' ['A brief evaluation of Zeng Guofan'], Lishi yanjiu [Historical Studies] 6, 1987, pp. 97-100.
310. Yang Guoqiang, 'Zeng Guofan he chuantong wenhua' ['Zeng Guofan and traditional culture'], Jindaishi yanjiu [Research on Modern Chinese History] 1, 1989, pp. 58-83.
311. Yang Naiqiao et al., 'Hou zhiminzhuyi yujing xia de Zhongguo wenhua' ['Chinese culture from a postcolonial perspective'], Wenyi zhengming [Literary Debates] 2, 1994, pp. 35-49.
312. Yang Nianqun, 'Wo kan "Zeng Guofan xianxiang" ' ['My views on the "Zeng Guofan phenomenon"'], Ershiji shiji [Twenty-First Century] 25, October 1994, pp. 132-5.
313. Yang Qiguang, 'Shilun Hanminzu de juxiang siwei fangshi' ['On the mode of thinking of the Han nation'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1997, pp. 19-22.
314. Yi Dan, 'Chaoyue zhimin wenxue de wenhua kunjin' ['Beyond the cultural dilemma of colonial literature'], Waiguo wenxue pinglun [Foreign Literature Review] 2, 1994, pp. 111-16.
315. Yi Mengchun, 'Zeng Guofan zai banli Tianjin jiao'an zhong de xinli maodun' ['Zeng Guofan's psychological conflicts in handling the Tianjin riots'], Jindaishi yanjiu [Research on Modern Chinese History] 1, 1990, pp. 84-97.
316. Yin Binyong and Su Peicheng (eds), Kexue de pingjia hanyu he hanzi [Scientifically Evaluate Chinese and Chinese Characters], Beijing: Huayu jiaoxie chubanshe, 1994.
317. Yu Lin and Jin Fei, 'Shifan xiejian - fang hanzi xiandaihua yanjiuhui huizhang Yuan Xiaoyuan jiaoshou' ['To be able to recognize fani and write jianti - an interview with Yuan Xiaoyuan'], the president of the Association of Research on the Modernization of Chinese Characters', Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1990, pp. 57-61.
318. Yu Xin and Mu Zi, 'Boluan fanzheng, quanmian zhunque de guanche guojia yuwen zhengce' ['To clear the confusion and implement the state language policy fully and accurately'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1990, pp. 45-62.
319. Yu Ying-shih, 'Democracy and nationalism', in Feng Hua Yuan, fhytk06 (17 May 1996). Online. Available HTTP: http://uwalpha.uwinnipeg.ca:8001/fhy/.
320. Yu Ying-shih, Xiandai Ruxue lun [On Modern Confucianism], Shanghai: Shanghai renmin chubanshe, 1998.
321. Yuan Xiaoyuan, 'Hanzi xiangdaihua yanjiuhui Yuan Xiaoyuan huizhang zhi kaimuci' ['Speech at the Conference on 'The Twenty-first Century Is a Time for the Chinese Characters to Show Their Strength'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 3, 1990, pp. 1-3.
322. Yuan Xiaoyuan, 'Lun "shifan xiejian" yu "wenzi gaige" - da Lü Shuxiang deng xiangsheng' ['On "recognizing fanti and writing jianti" and "language reform" - a reply to Lü Shuxiang and others'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 2, 1992, pp. 11-24.
323. Yuan Xiaoyuan, ' "Hanzi wenhua" shi jianshe renlei xiandaihua wenming de baogui yuanquan' [' "Chinese character culture" is a valuable source of modern human civilization'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 4, 1995, pp. 2-4.
324. Zhang Biao and Zhang Jianming, 'Dui zhongxiaoxue deyu de yousi' ['Concerns about primary and secondary school moral education'], Qingnian yanjiu [Youth Studies] 4, 1991, pp. 18-20.
325. Zhang Dainian, 'Zhongguo wenhua de xin shidai' ['A new epoch for Chinese culture'], Chuantong wenhua yu xiandaihua [Traditional Culture and Modernization] 1, 1993, pp. 151-3.
326. Zhang Fa et al., 'Cong "xiandaixing" dao "Zhonghuaxing" - xin zhishi xing de tanxun' ['From "modernity" to "Chineseness" - in search of a new mode of knowledge'], Wenyi zhengming [Literary Debates] 2, 1994, pp. 10-20.
327. Zhang Haipeng, 'Bochi 'gaobie geming' de miushuo' ['Refuting the absurd slogan of "farewell to revolution" '], Zhongliu [Midstream] 2, 1997, pp. 29-31.
328. Zhang Junmai, Minzu fuxing zhi xueshu jichu [The Intellectual Foundation of National Revival], Beiping: Zaishengshe, 1935.
329. Zhang Kuan, 'Ou Mei ren yanzhong de "feiwo zulei": cong "Dongfangzhuyi" dao "Xifangzhuyi" ' ['The "other" in the eyes of the Europeans and the Americans: from Orientalism to Occidentalism'], Dushu [Reading] 9, 1993, pp. 3-9.
330. Zhang Longxi, 'Debating "Chinese postcolonialism" ', Postcolonial Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, July 1999, pp. 185-98.
331. Zhang Rulun, 'Yazhou de houxiandai' ['Postmodernity in Asia'], Dushu [Reading] 11, 1994, pp. 24-31.
332. Zhang Weiping (ed.), Dangwu gongzuo shouce [A New Work Manual for Party Affairs], Beijing: Zhongguo yanshi chubanshe, 1995.
333. Zhang Wenbiao, 'Zhonghua minzu yishi yu shehui fazhan' ['National consciousness of China and social development'], Fujian luntan (wenshizhe ban) [Fujian Forum] 1, 1996, pp. 15-21.
334. Zhang Yiwu, 'Zhongguo "xiandaixing" yu hanyu shumianyu lunzheng' ['Re-evaluate the argument of "modernity" and written Chinese'], Wenxue pinglun [Literary Criticism] 4, 1994, pp. 109-13.
335. Zhang Yiwu, 'Chanshi "Zhongguo" de jiaolü' ['The anxiety of interpreting "China"'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 28, April 1995, pp. 128-35.
336. Zhang Yiwu et al., 'Chonggu "xiandaixing" ' ['Re-evaluate "modernity"'] Huanghe [The Yellow River] 4, 1994, pp. 195-207.
337. Zhao Qizhi, 'Hanzi xiang hechu qu?' ['Wither Chinese characters?'], Hanzi wenhua [Chinese Character Culture] 1, 1995, pp. 58-60.
338. Zhao Yiheng, '"Houxue" yu Zhongguo xin baoshou zhuyi' ['"Postist learning" and Neo-Conservatism in China'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 27, February 1995, pp. 4-15.
339. Zhao Yiheng, 'Wenhua pipan yu houxiandai zhuyi lilun' ['Cultural critique and postmodernist theory'], Ershiyi shiji [Twenty-First Century] 31, October 1995, pp. 147-51.
340. Zheng Jiadong, 'Zongjiaoxing yu rujia sixiang de xiandai chanshi' ['Confucianism as a religion and a modern interpretation of Confucian thought'], in China Confucius Foundation (ed.), Ruxue yu ershiyi shiji [Confucianism and the Twenty-First Century], Beijing: Huaxia chubanshe, 1996.
341. Zheng Min, 'Shijimo de huigu: Hanyu yuyan biange yu Zhongguo xinshi chuangzuo' ['Retrospect at the end of the century: language reform and Chinese new poetry'], Wenxue pinglun [Literary Criticism] 3, 1993, pp. 6-20.
342. Zheng Xiaojiang et al., Chuantong daode yu dangdai Zhongguo [Traditional Morality and Contemporary China], Hefei: Anhui jiaoyu chubanshe, 1998.
343. Zheng Yongnian, Discovering Chinese Nationalism in China - Modernization, Identity, and International Relations, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
344. Zhong Weiguang, 'Minzu, minzuzhuyi he zhongguo wenti' ['Nation, nationalism and the China problem'], Modern China Studies 2, 1997, pp. 128-42.
345. Zhou Enlai, 'Report to the CPPCC', China Digest, 5 October 1949.
346. Zhou Qing and Zhuang Youming, 'Xinjiapo xiandaihua dianjiren de zhiguo lilun' ['Theories of governance by Singapore's pioneers in modernization'], Dongnanya yanjiu [Studies of South-East Asia] 5/6, 1993, pp. 58-63.
347. Zhu Andong, 'Ping Zeng Guofan zai jindaishi shang de zuoyong he yingxiang' ['Zeng Guofan's role and influence in modern Chinese history'], Qiusuo [Seek and Discover] 1, 1988, pp. 112-21.
348. Zhu Junxin, 'Zai quanguo yuyan gongzuo huiyi shang de jianghua' ['A speech at the national conference on language work'], Guangmin ribao [The Enlightenment Daily], 23 December 1997, p. 1.
349. Zhu Zhenhua, 'Zeng Guofan he jindai keji' ['Zeng Guofan and modern science and technology'], Jianghuai luntan [Jianghuai Forum] 1, 1984, pp. 116-20.
350. Zi Zhongjun, 'Aiguo de zuobiao' ['The criteria for patriotism'], Dushu [Reading] 6, 1996, pp. 57-65.