Sweatshop: The history of an american idea

Sweatshop: The History of an American Idea

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-202

  Hapke, Laura ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906576288     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (189)

1. Abbott, Edith. Women in Industry. [1910] New York: Arno Press, 1969.
2. Adopt-a-Mural. New York: Municipal Art Society, 1991.
3. Alcott, Louisa May .Work: A Story of Experience. [1873] New York: Schocken Books, 1977.
4. Alexander, Mary. "Exhibit Review." Technology and Culture 40, no. 4 (October 1999): 861-865.
5. Amato, Joseph A. Dust: A History of the Small and the Invisible. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
6. Ames, Azel. Sex in Industry: A Plea for the Working Girl. Boston: James R. Osgood, 1875.
7. Anderson, Margo, and Maurine Greenwald. "The Pittsburgh Survey in Historical Perspective." In Pittsburgh Surveyed: Social Science and Social Reform in the Early Twentieth Century, edited by Maurine W. Greenwald and Margo Anderson. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996, 1-14.
8. Anderson, Nels. The Hobo: The Sociology of the Homeless Man. [1923] Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.
9. Argersinger, Jo Ann E. Making the Amalgamated: Gender, Ethnicity, and Class in the Baltimore Clothing Industry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1999.
10. Arthur, T. S. The Seamstress: A Tale of the Times. Philadelphia: R. G. Berford, 1843.
11. Asch, Sholem. Uncle Moses. Translated by Isaac Goldberg. [1917] New York: E. P. Dutton, 1920.
12. Banta, Martha. Taylored Lives: Narrative Productions in the Age of Taylor, Veblen, and Ford. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993.
13. Baron, Ava, and Susan E. Klepp. "'If I Didn't Have My Sewing Machine . . .': Women and Sewing Machine Technology." In A Needle, a Bobbin, a Strike: Women Needleworkers in America, edited by Joan M. Jensen and Sue Davidson. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984, 20-59.
14. Barret, Michelle. The Politics of Truth from Marx to Foucault. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1991.
15. Becker, Linda Gail. "Invisible Threads: Skill and the Discursive Marginalization of the Garment Industry Workforce." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1997.
16. Bender, Daniel."From Sweatshop to Model Shop: Anti-Sweatshop Campaigns and Languages of Labor and Organizing, 1880-1934." Ph.D. dissertation, New York University, 2001.
17. Bender, Daniel, and Richard Greenwald, eds. Sweatshop U.S.A.: Essays in Social History New York: Routledge, 2004.
18. Biddle, George. An American Artist's Story. Boston: Little, Brown, 1939.
19. Bonacich, Edna, and Richard P. Appelbaum. Behind the Label: Exploitation in the Los Angeles Apparel Industry. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
20. Boris, Eileen. Home to Work: Motherhood and the Politics of Industrial Homework in the United States. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
21. Boydston, Jeanne. Home and Work: Housework, Wages, and the Ideology of Labor in the Early Republic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
22. Boyer, Paul S. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1967.
23. Brandes, Joseph. "From Sweatshop to Stability: Jewish Labor between Two World Wars." YIVO Annual 16 (1976): 1-149.
24. Bremner, Robert H. From the Depths: The Discovery of Poverty in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 1956.
25. Buhle, Mari Jo. Women and American Socialism, 1870-1920. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981.
26. Buhle, Paul, and Edmund Sullivan. Images of American Radicalism. Hanover, Mass.: Christopher Publishing House, 1998.
27. Bulmer, Martin. "The Social Survey Movement." In Pittsburgh Surveyed, Social Science and Social Reform in the Early Twentieth Century, edited by Maurine W. Greenwald and Margo Anderson. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996, 15-43.
28. Butler, Elizabeth Beardsley. Women and the Trades: Pittsburgh, 1907-1908. [1909] Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1984.
29. Butterfield, Roger. "George Lippard and His Secret Brotherhood." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 79 (1955): 285-301.
30. Cahan, Abraham. The Imported Bridegroom and Other Stories of the New York Ghetto. [1898] New York: Dover, 1960.
31. Campbell, Helen. Prisoners of Poverty. [1887] Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1970.
32. Cappetti, Carla. Writing Chicago: Modernism, Ethnography, and the Novel. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.
33. Carr, Albert Z. "Can an Executive Afford a Conscience?" Harvard Business Review ( July-August 1970): 58-64.
34. Carroll, Peter."Ralph Fasanella Limns the Story of the Workingman." Smithsonian, August 1993, 58-69.
35. Census of Manufactures, 1914. Vol. 2.Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1916.
36. Clark, Sue Ainslie, and Elizabeth Wyatt. Making Both Ends Meet: The Income and Outlay of New York Working Girls. New York: Macmillan, 1911.
37. Clark, Sue Ainslie, and Elizabeth Wyatt. "Working Girls' Budgets: The Shirtwaist Makers and Their Strike." McClure's 36 (November 1910): 70-86.
38. Cobble, Dorothy Sue. Women and Unions: Forging a Partnership. Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press, 1993.
39. Coe, Sue."Porkopolis Series." New Yorker, November 7, 1994, 229-233.
40. "Comprehensive Factory Evaluation Report Prepared on Kukdong International Mexico."Verite, Inc., March 2001 (independent auditor's report).
41. Comstock, Sarah."The Uprising of the Girls." Collier's (December 25, 1909): 14-16.
42. Corbin, Alain. The Foul and the Fragrant: Odor and the French Social Imagination. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1986.
43. Crane, Stephen. Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. Edited by Thomas Gullason. [1893] New York: W.W. Norton, 1974.
44. Davis, Allen F. Spearheads for Reform: The Social Settlements and the Progressive Movement, 1890-1914. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.
45. Debord, Guy. The Society of the Spectacle.Translated by Donald Nicholson-Smith. New York: Zone Books, 1995.
46. Diner, Hasia R. Lower East Side Memories: A Jewish Place in America. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000.
47. Dreiser, Theodore. "The Transmigration of the Sweatshop." Puritan 7 (July 1898): 498-502.
48. Dubinsky, David, and A. H. Raskin. David Dubinsky: A Life with Labor. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1977.
49. Dublin, Thomas. Women at Work: The Transformation of Work and Community in Lowell, Massachusetts, 1826-1860. New York: Columbia University Press, 1979.
50. Dutcher, Elizabeth."Budgets of the Triangle Fire Victims." Life and Labor (September 11, 1912): 265-267.
51. Eastman, Crystal. Work Accidents and the Law. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1910.
52. Eisler, Benita, ed. The Lowell Offering: Writings by New England Mill Women, 1840-1845. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1975.
53. Enstad, Nan. Ladies of Labor, Girls of Adventure: Working Women, Popular Culture, and Labor Politics at the Turn of the Twentieth Century. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999.
54. "The Evils of the Sweat-Shop." Outlook 51 (May 4, 1895): 734-735.
55. Factory Investigating Report, State of New York. No. 20, March 1, 1912. Albany: J. B. Lyons, 1912.
56. Fawcett, Edgar."The Woes of the New York Working-Girl." Arena 4 (1891): 26-35.
57. Federal Support for the Visual Arts: The New Deal and Now. Edited by Francis V. O'Connor. New York: New York Graphic Society, 1969.
58. Finnigan, David."Our Cheap Clothes Are Their Horror Stories." National Catholic Review (Kansas City), December 29, 1995, 6.
59. Fitch, John. The Steel Workers, 1907-1908. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1910.
60. Foner, Philip S. Women and the American Labor Movement from Colonial Times to the Eve of World War I. New York: Free Press, 1979.
61. Fraser, Steven. Labor Will Rule: Sidney Hillman and the Rise of American Labor. New York: Basic Books, 1991.
62. Gandal, Keith. The Virtues of the Vicious: Jacob Riis, Stephen Crane, and the Spectacle of the Slum. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
63. Garment Industry Efforts to Address the Prevalence and Conditions of Sweatshops. Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs, Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C.: United States General Accounting Office, 1994.
64. Glenn, Susan A. Daughters of the Shtetl: Life and Labor in the Immigrant Generation. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990.
65. Godkin, E. L."Our Sweating System." Nation 50 (June 19, 1890): 482.
66. Gold, Michael. Jews without Money. [1935] New York: Carroll and Graf, 1996.
67. Goldberg, Vicki, ed. Lewis W. Hine: Children at Work. Munich: Prestel, 1999.
68. Goldstein, Bruce, et al. "Enforcing Fair Labor Standards in the Modern American Sweatshop: Rediscovering the Statutory Definition of Employment." 46 UCLA Law Review 983 (April 1999): 1078-1102.
69. Greathead, Scott."Making It Right: Sweatshops, Ethics, and Retailer Responsibility." Chain Store Executive 78, no. 5 (May 2002): 195.
70. Green, Nancy. Ready-to-Wear and Ready-to-Work: A Century of Industry and Immigrants in Paris and New York. Durham: Duke University Press, 1997.
71. Halem, Samantha C."Slaves to Fashion:A Thirteenth Amendment Litigation Strategy to Abolish Sweatshops in the Garment Industry." San Diego Law Review 36 (1999): 397-453.
72. Hales, Peter Bacon. Silver Cities: The Photography of American Urbanization, 1839-1915. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984.
73. Hamilton, Alice. Exploring the Dangerous Trades. Boston: Little, Brown, 1943.
74. Hapgood, Hutchins. The Spirit of the Ghetto: Studies of the Jewish Quarter of New York. [1902] Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1967.
75. Herod, Andrew. "The Spatiality of Labor Unionism." In Organizing the Landscape: Geographical Perspectives on Labor Unionism, edited by Andrew Herod. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1998.
76. Hill, Herbert. "Guardians of the Sweatshops: The Trade Unions, Racism, and the Garment Industry." In Puerto Rico and Puerto Ricans: Studies in History and Society, edited by Adalberto Lopez and James Petra. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1974, 353-416.
77. Hill, Joseph A. Women in Gainful Occupations, 1870-1920.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1929.
78. Hillquit, Morris. Loose Leaves from a Busy Life. [1936] New York: Da Capo Press, 1971.
79. Hills, Patricia. Urban Concern and Social Realism. Boston: Boston University Art Gallery, n.d.
80. Ho, Laura, Catherine Powell, and Leti Volpp. "(Dis)Assembling Rights of Women Workers along the Global Assembly Line: Human Rights and the Garment Industry." Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Review 31 (Summer 1996): 384-414.
81. Hoberman, J. "Der Ershter Talkies: 'Uncle Moses' and the Coming of the Yiddish Sound Film." Film Comment 27, no. 6 (November-December 1991), 32-40.
82. Holmes, Stanley."Free Speech or False Advertising?" Business Week, April 28, 2003, 69.
83. Hood, Thomas. "The Song of the Shirt." In Strong-Minded Women and Other Lost Voices from Nineteenth-Century England, edited by Janet Horowitz Murray. New York: Pantheon, 1982, 351.
84. Howe, Irving: World of Our Fathers. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1976.
85. Husband, Julie."'The White Slave of the North': Lowell Mill Women and the Reproduction of 'Free' Labor." Legacy 16, no. 1 (1999): 11-21.
86. Joselit, Jenna Weissman. "Telling Tales: Or, How a Slum Became a Shrine." Jewish Social Studies 2, no. 2 (Winter 1996): 54-63.
87. Kahle, Lynn R., David M. Boush, and Mark Phelps."Good Morning, Vietnam:An Ethical Analysis of Nike Activities in Southeast Asia." Sport Marketing Quarterly 9, no. 1 (2000): 43-52.
88. Karp, Ivan. "Culture and Representation." In Exhibiting Cultures: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Displays, edited by Ivan Karp and Steven D. Lavine. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1991.
89. Katz, Daniel."A Union of Many Cultures: Yiddish Socialism and Industrial Organization in the ILGWU, 1913-1941." Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University, 2003.
90. Kazin, Alfred. A Walker in the City. [1946] New York: Harvest Press, 1979.
91. Keeping New York in Fashion: A Strategic Plan for the Future of the New York Fashion Industry. New York: Kurt Salmon Associates/Garment Industry Development Corporation, 1992.
92. Kelley, Florence. "The Sweating-System." In Hull-House Maps and Papers. [1895] New York:Arno Press/New York Times, 1970, 27-45.
93. Kellogg, Paul. "Monongah." Charities and the Commons 19 ( January 1908): 1, 313-1, 328.
94. Kellogg, Paul. Wage-Earning Pittsburgh. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1914.
95. Kessler-Harris, Alice. Out to Work: A History of Wage-Earning Women in the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
96. Kessner, Thomas. The Golden Door: Italian and Jewish Immigrant Mobility in New York City, 1880-1915. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
97. Kleeblatt, Norman, and Susan Chevlowe, eds. Painting a Place in America: Jewish Artists in New York, 1900-1945. New York: Jewish Museum, 1991.
98. Kleinberg, S. J. The Shadow of the Mills: Working-Class Families in Pittsburgh, 1870-1907. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1989.
99. Kraut, Alan M. Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the "Immigrant Menace." New York: Basic Books, 1994.
100. Lee, Louise, and Aaron Bernstein. "Who Says Student Protests Don't Matter?" Business Week, June 12, 2000, 94-95.
101. Levin, Rebekah, and Robert Ginsburg. Sweatshops in Chicago: Conditions in Low-Income and Immigrant Communities, A Survey, February 16, 2000. Chicago: Sweatshop Working Group of Chicago, 2000.
102. Levine, Louis. The Women's Garment Workers: A History of the International Ladies' Garment Workers Union. New York: B.W. Huebsch, 1924.
103. Liebhold, Peter, and Harry R. Rubenstein, eds. Between a Rock and a Hard Place: A History of American Sweatshops, 1820 to the Present. Los Angeles: UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 1999.
104. Liebhold, Peter, and Harry R. Rubenstein, "History of Sweatshops." In Between a Rock and a Hard Place. Los Angeles: UCLA Asian American Studies Center, 1999, 1-15.
105. "The Life Story of a Polish Sweatshop Girl." In Life Stories of Undistinguished Americans. Edited by Hamilton Holt, introduction by Werner Sollors. 2nd ed.New York: Routledge, 1990, 21-28.
106. Lippard, George. The Nazarene. Philadelphia: n.p., 1846.
107. Louie, Miriam Ching Yoon. Sweatshop Warriors: Immigrant Women Workers Take on the Global Factory. Boston: South End Press, 2001.
108. Lozowick, Louis. William Gropper. Philadelphia: Art Alliance Press, 1983.
109. MacLean, Annie Marion."The Sweat-Shop in Summer." American Journal of Sociology 9, no. 3 (November 1903): 289-309.
110. MacLean, Annie Marion. Wage-Earning Women. New York: Macmillan, 1910.
111. Maffi, Mario. Gateway to Ethnicity: Ethnic Cultures on New York's Lower East Side. New York: New York University Press, 1995.
112. Malkiel, Theresa S. The Diary of a Shirtwaist Striker. [1910] Ithaca, N.Y.: ILR Press, 1990.
113. Mathews, Cornelius. The Career of Puffer Hopkins. [1842] New York: Garrett, 1970.
114. McClymer, John F. "The Pittsburgh Survey, 1907-1908: Forging an Ideology in the Steel District." Pennsylvania History 41 (April 1974): 169-188.
115. McEvoy, Arthur F. "The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911: Social Change, Industrial Accidents, and the Evolution of Common-Sense Causality." Law and Social Inquiry 20, no. 2 (Spring 1995): 625-651.
116. Mergen, Bernard. "'Another Great Prize': The Jewish Labor Movement in the Context of American Labor History." YIVO Annual of Jewish Social Science 16 (1975-1976): 394-423.
117. Montgomery, David. The Fall of the House of Labor: The Workplace, the State, and American Labor Activism, 1865-1925. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.
118. Naduris-Weissman, Eli. "Confronting the Sweatshop Industry: Student-Labor Activism Advances." Against the Current n.s. 14, no. 5 (1999): 11-13.
119. Nesbitt, Lois E."Sue Coe." Artforum (January 1990): 136-137.
120. New York in Fashion: A Strategic Plan for the Future of the New York Fashion Industry. New York: Kurt Salmon Associates, 1992.
121. New York State, Factory Investigating Commission, Fourth Report, Senate doc. 43, vols., 1 and 2.Albany: J. B. Lyons, 1915.
122. Nochlin, Linda. Representing Women. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1999.
123. Odencrantz, Louise C. Italian Women in Industry: A Study of Conditions in New York City. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1913.
124. Orleck, Annelise. Common Sense and a Little Fire: Women and Working-Class Politics in the United States, 1900-1965. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995.
125. Park, Marlene, and Gerald Markowitz. Democratic Vistas: Post Offices and Public Art in the New Deal. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984.
126. Park, Robert E."The City as a Social Laboratory." In Chicago: An Experiment in Social Science Research, edited by T.V. White and L.D. Smith. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1929, 1-19.
127. Park, Robert E."Life History." American Journal of Sociology 79, no. 2 (September 1973): 243-260.
128. Peiss, Kathy. Cheap Amusements: Working Women and Leisure in Turn-of-the-Century New York. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986.
129. Perlman, Bennard B. Painters of the Ashcan School: The Immortal Eight. New York: Dover, 1988.
130. Petras, Elizabeth McLean. "The Shirt on Your Back: Immigrant Workers and the Reorganization of the Garment Industry." Social Justice 19 (1992): 76-114.
131. Phelps, Elizabeth Stuart."Opening Address by Miss Phelps."Workingman's Journal 6 (May 1869): 1.
132. Platt, Susan Noyes. "The Jersey Homesteads Mural: Ben Shahn, Bernarda Bryson, and History Painting in the 1930s." In Redefining American History Painting, edited by Patricia Mullan Burnham and Lucretia H. Giese (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 294-309.
133. Pohl, Frances K. In the Eye of the Storm: An Art of Conscience, 1930-1970. San Francisco: Pomegranate Art Books, 1995.
134. Portelli, Alessandro. The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Other Essays .Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990.
135. Prendergast, Christopher. Paris and the Nineteenth Century. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
136. Recent Fine Prints: Federal Art Gallery. New York: FAP/WPA, 1937.
137. Reports of the Industrial Commission on Immigration and on Education.Vol. 15.Washington: Government Printing Office, 1901.
138. Rifkin, Adrian. Street Noises: Parisian Pleasure, 1900-1940. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
139. Riis, Jacob. How the Other Half Lives: Studies among the Tenements of New York. [1890; revised 1902]. New York: Dover, 1971.
140. Riis, Jacob. Out of Mulberry Street. [1898] Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Gregg Press, 1970.
141. Rosenfeld, Morris. Songs from the Ghetto. [1898] Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Gregg Press, 1970.
142. Ross, Andrew, ed. No Sweat: Fashion, Free Trade, and the Rights of Garment Workers. New York: Verso, 1997.
143. Salgado, Sebastiao. Workers: An Archaeology of the Industrial Age. New York: Aperture, 1995.
144. Sanders, Ronald. The Downtown Jews: Portraits of an Immigrant Generation. New York: Dover, 1987.
145. Sanger, William. The History of Prostitution. [1858] New York: Medical Publishing Company, 1898.
146. Schneiderman, Rose."A Capmaker's Story." Independent 58 (April 27, 1905): 935-938.
147. Scott, Miriam. "The Spirit of the Girl Strikers." Outlook 94 (February 19, 1909): 394-395.
148. Second Report of the Factory Investigating Commission. State of New York. Vol. 2. Albany: J. B. Lyons, 1913.
149. Seidman, Joel. The Needle Trades. New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1942.
150. Sekula, Alan."Dismantling Modernism: Reinventing Documentary (Notes on the Politics of Representation)." Massachusetts Review 19 (Winter 1978): 859-883.
151. Seller, Maxine Schwartz. "The Uprising of the Twenty Thousand: Sex, Class, and Ethnicity in the Shirtwaist Makers' Strike of 1909." In "Struggle a Hard Battle": Essays on Working-Class Immigrants, edited by Dirk Hoerder. DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 1986, 254-279.
152. Seltzer, Mark. Bodies and Machines. New York: Routledge, 1992.
153. Soyer, Moses, and Robert W. Gill. Painting the Human Figure. New York: Watson/Gaptill, 1964.
154. Spewack, Bella Cohen. Streets: A Memoir of the Lower East Side. New York: Feminist Press, 1995.
155. Stange, Maren. Symbols of Ideal Life: Social Documentary Photography in America, 1890-1950. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.
156. Stansell, Christine. City of Women: Sex and Class in New York. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1986.
157. Stein, Leon, ed. Out of the Sweatshop: The Struggle for Industrial Democracy. [1977] Ithaca: ILR/Cornell University Press, 2002.
158. Sugarman, Tracy."Echoes on Paper: Reflections on My Garment Workers Sketchbook, 1958." Labor's Heritage (Winter 1994): 22-25.
159. Sullivan, James W. Tenement Tales of New York. New York: Henry Holt, 1895.
160. Sumner, Helen L. Report on the Condition of Women and Child Wage-Earners in the United States. Vol. 9.Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1910.
161. Tax, Meredith. The Rising of the Women: Feminist Solidarity and Class Conflict, 1890-1917. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1980.
162. Taylor, R. B. Sweatshops in the Sun: Child Labor on the Farm. Boston: Beacon, 1973.
163. Thomas, William Isaac. The Unadjusted Girl. [1923] Montclair, N.J.: Paterson Smith, 1969.
164. Todd, Ellen Wiley. The "New Woman" Revisited: Painting and Gender Politics on Fourteenth Street. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.
165. Trachtenberg, Alan. Reading American Photographs: Images as History, Mathew Brady to Walker Evans. New York: Hill and Wang, 1989.
166. United States Department of Labor, Garment Enforcement Report, October 1996-December 1996.Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.
167. Vairnanktarakis, George, and Janice Kim Winch. "Probability in the Engineering and Information Sciences." Bobbin 9, no. 3 (September 1998): 457-473.
168. Van Kleeck, Mary. The Artificial Flower Makers. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1913.
169. Van Kleeck, Mary. "Women and Children Who Make Men's Clothes." Survey (April 1, 1911): 65-69.
170. Varney, Pamela, ed. The Sweatshop Quandary: Corporate Responsibility on the Global Frontier. Washington, D.C.: Investor Responsibility Research Center, 1998.
171. Vecoli, Rudolph. "Pane e Guistizia." La Parola del Popolo 26 (September/October 1976): 55-61.
172. Veiller, Lawrence."The Tenement House Exhibition." Charities and the Commons 4 (February 17, 1900): 1-11.
173. Vergara, Camilo Jose. The New American Ghetto. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1995.
174. Wagner-Martin, Linda. Telling Women's Lives: The New Biography. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1994.
175. Watson, Patrick. Fasanella's City:The Paintings of Ralph Fasanella, with the Story of His Life and Art. New York: Ballantine Books, 1973.
176. White, Henry."Conditions Transformed by Label." ILGWU Fourth Annual Convention, commemorative/souvenir booklet, Cleveland, Ohio, June 1, 1903.
177. Willet, Mabel Hurd. The Employment of Women in the Clothing Trade. New York: Columbia University Press, 1902.
178. Williams, Catharine. Fall River: An Authentic Narrative. Edited by Patricia Caldwell. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
179. Williams, Marilyn T. Washing "the Great Unwashed": Public Baths in Urban America, 1840-1920. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1991.
180. Wilson, Elizabeth. The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, the Control of Disorder, and Women. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.
181. Wirth, Louis. The Ghetto. [1928] Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997.
182. Wirth, Louis. Urbanism as a Way of Life. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1969.
183. Working Women in Large Cities. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1889.
184. Wright, Carroll D. The Slums of Baltimore, Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia. [1894] New York: Arno Press/New York Times, 1970.
185. Wyckoff, Walter A. The Workers: An Experiment in Reality. Vol. 1, The West. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1898.
186. Yew, Elizabeth."Medical Inspection of Immigrants at Ellis Island, 1891-1924." Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 56 (June 1980): 488-510.
187. Yezierska, Anzia. All I Could Never Be. New York: Brewer, Warren, & Putnam, 1932.
188. Yezierska, Anzia. Hungry Hearts and Other Stories. [1920] New York: Persea Books, 1985.
189. Zengerle, Jason. "Exhibiting Bias." New Republic 217, no. 16 (October 16, 1997): 18-20.