Dangerous Knowledge: The JFK assassination in art and film

Dangerous Knowledge: The JFK Assassination in Art and Film

Volumn , Issue , 1996, Pages 1-265

  Simon, Art ^a  

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References (350)

1. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978; Vintage Books, 1979), 202.
2. Roland Barthes, S/Z, trans. Richard Miller, with a preface by Richard Howard (New York: Hill and Wang, 1985), 105.
3. Frederic Jameson, "Periodizing the Sixties", in The 60s Without Apofogy, ed. Sohnya Sayers et al. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1985), 182.
4. Christopher Lasch, "The Life of Kennedy's Death", Harper's, October 1983, 32.
5. Gerald Posner, Case Closed (New York: Random House, 1993).
6. Dominic LaCapra, Soundings in Critical Theory (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989), 37.
7. DeLloyd J. Guth and David R. Wrone, comps., The Assassination of John E Kennedy: A Comprehensive Historical and Legal Bibliography, 1963-1979 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1980).
8. Skeptic 9 (September/October 1975), 41-42.
9. Morris Dickstein, Gates of Eden: American Culture in the Sixties (New York: Penguin, 1989), 248-251.
10. Sayres et al., The 60s Without Apology, 8.
11. Joachim Joesten, Oswald: Assassin or Fall Guy? (New York: Marzani and Munsell, 1964).
12. Thomas Buchanan, Who Killed Kennedy? (New York: Putnam, 1964).
13. David S. Lifton, Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy (New York: Carroll & Graf 1980), 15.
14. Calvin Trillin, "The Buffs", The New Yorker, 7 June 1967, 41.
15. Michel Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, edited and with an introduction by Donald F. Bouchard, trans. Donald F. Bouchard and Sherry Simon (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977; Cornell Paperbacks, 1980), 138.
16. Edward Jay Epstein, Inquest (New York: Viking, 1966).
17. Harold Weisberg, Whitewash (Hyattstown, Md.: Harold Weisberg, 1965).
18. Anthony Lewis, "Panel to Reject Theories of Plot in Kennedy's Death", New York Times, 1 June 1964.
19. Jerry Policoff, "The Second Dallas Casualty, the Media and the Assassination of Truth", in Government by Gunplay: Assassination Conspiracy Theories from Dallas to Today, ed. Sid Blumenthal and Harvey Yazijian (New York: Signet, 1976), 211.
20. Gerald Ford, "How the Commission Pieced Together the Evidence", Life, 2 October 1964, 42.
21. Psychiatric Quarterly 40(1966):737-755.
22. Mark Lane, Rush to Judgment (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966; Dell, 1975).
23. Josiah Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas (New York: Bernard Geis Associates with Random House, 1967; Berkeley Publishing, 1976).
24. "Did Oswald Act Alone? A Matter of Reasonable Doubt", Life, 25 November 1966, 53.
25. "The Assassination, the Phantasmagoria", Time, 25 November 1966, 34-35-
26. New York Times, 25 November 1966, 36.
27. MacFarlane, Proof of Conspiracy, 127.
28. Time, 25 November 1966, 34.
29. John Corry, The Manchester Affair (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1967).
30. Sylvia Meagher, "The Kennedy Conspiracy by Paris Flammonde", Commonweal, 7 March 1969, 712-714;
31. Edward Jay Epstein, Counterplot (New York: Viking Press, 1969);
32. James Phelan, "A Plot to Kill Kennedy? Rush to Judgment in New Orleans", The Saturday Evening Post, 6 May 1967, 21-25.
33. Robert Sam Anson, They've Killed the President: The Search for the Murderers of John F. Kennedy (New York: Bantam Books, 1975), 102-128.
34. Richard Sprague, "The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: The Application of Computers to the Photographic Evidence", Computers and Automation 19(May 1970): 29-60; (June 1970): 7;19(July 1970): 36; 20 (March 1971):44; 20 (May 1971):27-29.
35. Fred Cook, "Assassination Investigations: The Irregulars Take the Field", The Nation, 19 July 1971, 40-46.
36. MacFarlane, Proof of Conspiracy, 131-134.
37. MacFarlane, Proof of Conspiracy, 134.
38. "Life Sues to Enjoin Book on Assassination of Kennedy", Publisher's Weekly, 25 December 1967, 32.
39. Robert Blair Kaiser, "The JFK Assassination: Why Congress Should Reopen the Investigation " Rolling Stone, 24 April 1975, 27-38;
40. Robert Sam Anson, "The Man Who Never Was", New Times, 19 September 1975, 14-25;
41. Jerry Policoff, "The Media and the Murder of John Kennedy" New Times, 8 August 1975, 28-36;
42. Forum for Contemporary History, Skeptic, September/October 1975.
43. Martin Waldron, "Schweiker Joins Attack on Warren Report as Clamor for New Inquiry Rises", New York Times, 20 October 1975, sec. B, 1.
44. New York Times, 1 December 1975, 30.
45. Blumenthal and Yazijian, Government by Gunplay, 260.
46. U. S. House of Representatives, The Final Assassinations Report, Report of the Select Committee on Assassinations, by Louis Stokes, chairman, with a forward by Tom Wicker and introduction by G. Robert Blakey (New York: Bantam Books, 1979). Hereafter I will refer to this report as the HSCA Final Report.
47. HSCA Final Report, 63-103.
48. Richard B. Trask, Pictures of the Pain: Photography and the Assassination of'President Kennedy (Danvers, Mass.: Yeoman Press, 1994), 139-141.
49. G. Robert Blakey and Richard N. Billings, The Plot to Kill the President (New York: Times Books, 1981).
50. David E. Scheim, Contract on America (New York: Zebra Books, 1989).
51. Carl Oglesby and Jeff Goldberg, "Did the Mob Kill Kennedy?" Washington Post, 25 February 1979, B1, B4.
52. Christopher Sharrett, "Debunking the Official History: The Conspiracy Theory in JFK" Cineaste 19(1992):11-14.
53. "The Twisted Truth of 'JFK': Why Oliver Stone's New Movie Can't Be Trusted."
54. Tim Werner, "Papers on Kennedy Assassination Are Unsealed, and '63 Is Revisited", New York Times, 24 August 1993, A1, Ai 1.
55. "Johnson Balked at Panel on Kennedy Killing", New York Times, 23 September 1993, B13
56. and David Wise, "Was Oswald a Spy, and Other Cold War Mysteries", New York Times Magazine, 6 December 1992, 42-48.
57. U. S. News and Weekly Report, 6 September 1993, 62-98.
58. CBS Reports: "Who Killed JFK?" 19 November 1993.
59. Evan Thomas, "The Real Cover-Up", Newsweek, 22 November 1993, 67.
60. Newsweek, 22 November 1963, 57.
61. Michael Beschloss, "The Day That Changed America", Newsweek, 22 November 1993, 62.
62. Neal Karlen 's report on the ASK assassination symposium, "Jack in the Box", City Pages, 15 December 1993, 10-11.
63. Penn Jones, Jr., editor of the Midlothian Mirror
64. Anson, They've Killed the President, 137-138
65. Blakey, The Plot to Kill the President, 152-153
66. "Bruce Conner", Film Comment 5(Winter 1969):16-25.
67. Bob Katz, "Still on the Case", Boston Globe Magazine, 13 November 1988, 44.
68. Michel Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice, 154.
69. Robert Sam Anson, "They've Killed the President!" (New York: Bantam Books, 1975), 15-20.
70. Richard B. Trask, Pictures of the Pain: Photography and the Assassination of President Kennedy, (Danvers, Mass.: 1994), 57-153.
71. Rick Friedman, "Pictures of Assassination Fall to Amateurs on the Street", Editor and Publisher, 30 November 1963, 16-17, 67.
72. Trask, Pictures of the Pain, 107.
73. Philip H. Melanson, "Hidden Exposure: Cover-up and Intrigue in the CIA's Secret Possession of the Zapruder film", The Third Decade 1(November 1984):13-21.
74. Loudon Wainright, The Great American Magazine (New York: Knopf, 1968), 308-333.
75. Wainright, The Great American Magazine, xvii.
76. Jerry Policoff, 'The Media and the Murder of John Kennedy", New Times, 8 August 1975, 28-36.
77. Robert Hennelly and Jerry Policoff, "JFK: How the Media Assassinated the Real Story", Village Voice, 31 March 1992, 33-39.
78. Harold Weisberg, Photographic Whitewash (Hyattstown, MD.: Harold Weisberg, 1967), 142.
79. Edward J. Epstein, Inquest (New York: Viking, 1966).
80. Josiah Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas (New York: Bernard Geis Associates with Random House, 1967; Berkeley Publishing, 1976), 9-12.
81. Epstein, Inquest, 122-126.
82. Soundings in Critical Theory (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989).
83. Dominick LaCapra, Rethinking Intellectual History (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983), 50-52.
84. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, app. F.
85. Sylvia Meagher, Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, the Authorities and the Report, with an introduction by Peter Dale Scott, preface by Richard S. Schweiker (New York: Vintage Books, 1976), 22.
86. Vincent J. Salandria, "LIFE Magazine and the Warren Commission" Liberation 11(October 1966):44.
87. "AMatter of Reasonable Doubt", Life, 25 November 1966, 38-53.
88. Thompson refers to the photos as "inviolable" in Six Seconds in Dallas, 17.
89. Thompson, Six Seconds In Dallas, 17.
90. Time Inc. v. Bernard Geis, Josiah Thompson and Random House Inc., 67 Civ. 4736 U. S. District Court, Southern District of New York.
91. Harriet F. Pilpel with Kenneth P. Norwick", 'Fair Use' Protects Zapruder Film Copies", Publishers' Weekly, 28 October 1968, 26-27.
92. L. Fletcher Prouty, "The Guns of Dallas", Gallery, October 1975, 87.
93. Trask, Pictures of the Pain, 269-275.
94. James McKinley, Assassination in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), 139.
95. New York Times, 27 March 1975.
96. Robert Groden, "A New Look at die Zapruder Film", Rolling Stone, 24 April 1975, 35.
97. CBS Reports Inquiry: The American Assassins, 25, 26 November 1975.
98. Trask, Pictures of the Pain, 275.
99. Trask, Pictures of the Pain, 275.
100. David E. James, Allegones of Cinema (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1989), 244.
101. Lois Mendelson and Bill Simon, "Tom, Tom, The Piper's Son", ART-FORUM, September 1971, 47.
102. Rolling Stone, 24 April 1975, 34.
103. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, ch. 3-5.
104. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, app. B and C.
105. Groden, "A New Look", 35-36
106. and Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 32-151.
107. HSCA Final Report, 31-103.
108. Luis W. Alvarez, "A Physicist Examines the Kennedy Assassination Film", American Journal of Physics (September 1976).
109. Martin Shackelford, "Listening to the Zapruder Film", The Third Decade 3(March 1987):19-20.
110. Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Chief Justice Earl Warren, chairman (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1964), 109.
111. Meagher, Accessories After the Fact, 34.
112. Gaeton Fonzi, 'The Warren Commission, the Truth, and Arlen Specter", Greater Philadelphia 57(August 1966):12-15, 73-86.
113. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 115-116.
114. Harold Weisberg, Whitewash II (Hyattstown, MD.: Harold Weisberg, 1966), 221.
115. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 121.
116. Groden, "A New Look", 36.
117. "CBS Reports: Who Killed Kennedy", 19 November 1993.
118. Gerald Posner, Case Closed (New York: Random House, 1993), 317.
119. Posner, Case Closed, 322.
120. John K. Lattimer. Lattimer puts forth the Thorburn's position thesis in Kennedy and Lincoln Medical and Ballistic Comparisons of Their Assassinations, (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), 240-245.
121. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 7.
122. Sylvia Meagher noted, "It is frustrating and ironic that the Zapruder film does not enable the viewer to pinpoint the exact moment of impact of the bullet in the President's back or of the bullet (or bullets) that struck the Governor." Accessories After the Fact, 29.
123. Trask, Pictures of the Pain, 116.
124. Gerald Posner, "The Magic Bullet", U. S. News & World Report, 30 August-6 September 1993, 88.
125. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 121.
126. Cyril H. Wecht, M. D., "A Critique of President Kennedy's Autopsy", in Josiah Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas (New York: Bernard Geis Associates with Random House, 1967; Berkeley Publishing, 1976), app. D, 361.
127. Michel Foucault, The Birth of the Clinic: An Archeology of Medical Perception, trans. A. M. Sheridan Smith (London: Tavistock Publications, 1973; New York: Vintage Books Edition, 1975), 125.
128. Sylvia Meagher, Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, the Authorities and the Report, with an introduction by Peter Dale Scott, preface by Richard S. Schweiker (New York: Vintage Books, 1976), 134-135.
129. Meagher, Accessories After the Tact, 146-147.
130. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 252.
131. Dr. John K. Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln: Medical and Ballistic Comparisons of Their Assassinations (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), 200.
132. Post Mortem: JFK Assassination Cover-up Smashed (Frederick, MD.: Harold Weisberg, 1975), 580-595
133. Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln, 192-219.
134. Thompson, Six Seconds in Dallas, 140.
135. Gerald Posner, Case Closed: Lee Harvey Oswald and the Assassination of JFK, (New York: Random House, 1993), 312-313.
136. Robert J. Groden and Harrison Edward Livingstone, High Treason: The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy and the New Evidence of Conspiracy (New York: Berkley Books, 1990), 82.
137. Richard B. Stolley, "What Happened Next", Esquire, November 1973, 135.
138. Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln, 193.
139. Playboy, June 1965, November 1965, February 1967, October 1967, January-May 1976, November 1978;
140. Penthouse, October 1981;
141. Gallery, October 1975, February 1978, April 1978, June 1978, July 1979;
142. Playgirl, August 1975.
143. Walter Kendrick, The Secret Museum: Pornography in Modern Culture (New York: Viking Press, 1987).
144. Rev. Ivan Stang, High Weirdness by Mail (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988).
145. 'The Parts That Were Left out of the Kennedy Book", The Realist 74 (May 1967), 18.
146. Paul Krassner, Confessions of a Raving Unconfined Nut: Misadventures in the Counter-Culture (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993), 126-144.
147. Jean-Louis Comolli, "Machines of the Visible", in The Cinematic Apparatus, ed. Teresa de Lauretis and Stephen Heath (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1980).
148. Serge Daney, "Sur Salador", Cahiers du Cinema 122(July 1970):39.
149. Comolh, "Machines of the Visible", 126.
150. Linda Williams, Hard Core: Power, Pleasure and the Frenzy of the Visible (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1989), 37-48.
151. Hard Core, 113.
152. Williams, Hard Core, 48.
153. Dan Carmichael, United Press International, "Efforts to open Oswald's grave blocked by his brother", Minneapolis Tribune, 15 August 1980, 5A.
154. Thomas Thompson, "Assassin: The Man Held- and Killed-for Murder", Life, 29 November 1963, 38;
155. and "Oswald Called It my 'Historic Diary'- And It Is", Life, 10 July 1964, 28-29.
156. "A Big Sale", Newsweek, 2 March 1964, 80.
157. Hearings Before the President's Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1964), vol. 21, 449-451.
158. WC Hearings, 21, 452-453.
159. Meagher, Accessories After the Fact: The Warren Commission, the Authorities and the Report, with an introduction by Peter Dale Scott, preface by Richard S. Schweiker (New York: Vintage Books, 1976), 207.
160. Groden and Livingstone, High Treason, 204-206.
161. Robert Sam Anson, "They've Killed the President!": The Search for the Murderers of John F Kennedy (New York: Bantam Books, 1975), 78-80;
162. and Meagher, Accessories After the Fact, 202-207.
163. Sigmund Freud, "The Uncanny", in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (New York: Hogarth Press, 1953-1974), vol. 17, 219-252.
164. Sigmund Freud, On Creativity and the Unconscious (New York: Harper & Row, 1958), 122-161.
165. Freud, "The Uncanny", 129.
166. Freud, "The Uncanny", 123.
167. Freud, "The Uncanny", 141.
168. Richard H. Popkin, The Second Oswald, with an introduction by Murray Kempton (New York: Avon and The New York Review, 1966).
169. Popkin, The Second Oswald, 74-94
170. and Meagher, Accessories After the Fact, 359-387.
171. Robert Sam Anson, 'The greatest cover-up of all", New Times, 18 April 1975, 26.
172. Popkin, The Second Oswald, 67-73.
173. Lifton puts forth the multiple-casket theory in Best Evidence: Disguise and Deception in the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, 3d ed. (New York: Carroll and Graf, 1989), 569-652.
174. Donald Jackson, "Evolution of an Assassin", Life, 21 February 1964, 68A-80.
175. Christopher Lasch, "The Life of Kennedy's Death", Harper's, October. 1983, 34.
176. Dr. John K. Lattimer, Kennedy and Lincoln: Medical and Ballistic Comparisons of their Assassinations (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980).
177. Freud, "The Uncanny", 132.
178. Lincoln Lawrence, Were We Controlled? (New Hyde Park, N. Y.: University Books, 1967).
179. Michel Foucault, The History of Sexuality, vol. 1, An Introduction, trans. Robert Hurley (New York: Random House, 1978; Vintage Books, 1980), 59.
180. Lawrence Zelig Freedman, "Psychopathology of Assassination", in Assassinations and the Political Order, ed. William J. Crotty (New York: Harper & Row, 1971), 150-160.
181. Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Marina and Lee (New York: Harper & Row, 1977).
182. "Oswald Called It My 'Historic Diary'- And It Is", Life, 10 July 1964, 26-31.
183. Thomas Powers, "The Heart of the Story", New York Times Book Review, 30 October 1977, 46.
184. Ira Progoff, "The Psychology of Lee Harvey Oswald: A Jungian Approach", Journal of Individual Psychology 23(May 1967):45-46.
185. "Lee Harvey Oswald in Freudian, Adlerian, and Jungian Views."
186. Lasch, "The Life of Kennedy's Death", 34.
187. Edward Linn, "We Already Know the Next Assassin", True, November 1968, 25-29, 69-73.
188. James McKinley, "Playboy's History of Assassination in America", Playboy, January-May, 1976.
189. Assassination and Political Violence: A Report to the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, ed. James J. Kirkham, Sheldon G. Levy, and William J. Crotty (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1969).
190. Kirkham et al., Assassination and Political Violence, 73.
191. Jacob Cohen, "Conspiracy Fever", Commentary, October 1975, 33-42.
192. Joseph Bensman, "Social and Institutional Factors Determining the Level of Violence and Political Assassination in the Operation of Society: A Theoretical Discussion", in Kirkham et al., Assassination and Political Violence, 349.
193. Bradley S. Greenberg and Edwin B. Parker, The Kennedy Assassination and the American Public (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1965).
194. Michel Foucault, Language, Counter-Memory, Practice (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1977), 138.
195. Edward Jay Epstein, Inquest (New York: Viking, 1966).
196. Saturday Evening Post, September 1975, 51-53.
197. Edmund Aubrey, The Case of the Missing President (New York: Congdon & Weed, 1980).
198. Rush to Judgment (New York: Dell Publishing, 1975), xxxvii.
199. Harold Weisberg, Photographic Whitewash (Hyattstown, MD.: Harold Weisberg, 1967), 7.
200. Lane, Rush to Judgment, xxxviii.
201. Peter Dale Scott, "The Death of Kennedy and the Vietnam War", in Government by Gunplay: Assassination Conspiracy Theories from Dallas to Today, ed. Sid Blumenthal and Harvey Yazijian, with an introduction by Philip Agee (New York: Signet, 1976), 152-187.
202. John M. Newman, JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue and the Struggle for Power (New York: Warner Books, 1992).
203. Noam Chomsky, Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U. S. Political Culture (Boston: South End Press, 1993).
204. Anson, They've Killed the President, 14.
205. Michael McClure, "On Semina", interview by Eduardo Lipschutz-Villa, in Wallace Berman: Support the Revolution (Amsterdam: Institute of Contemporary Art, 1992), 62.
206. Rebecca Solnit, Secret Exhibition: Six California Artists of the Cold War Era (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1990).
207. Michael McClure, Star (New York: Grove Press, 1970), 31.
208. Andy Warhol and Pat Hackett, Popism: The Warhol '6os (New York: Harper & Row, 1980), 274.
209. Thomas Crow, "Saturday Disasters: Trace and Reference in Early Warhol", Artm America, May 1987, 130.
210. Crow, "Saturday Disasters", 130-132.
211. Gertrude Stein, Lectures in America, with an introduction by Wendy Steiner (Boston: Beacon Press, 1985), 177.
212. John Coplans, "Early Warhol: The Systematic Evolution of the Impersonal Style", ARTFORUM, March 1970, 59.
213. Life, 29 November 1963, 23-39, and 6 December 1963, 38-52F.
214. Paul Mandel, "End to Nagging Rumors: The Six Critical Seconds", Life, 6 December 1963, 52E
215. Andrew Ross, No Respect: Intellectuals & Popular Culture (New York: Roudedge, Chapman and Hall, 1989), 149.
216. Warhol, Popism, 60.
217. Ross, No Respect, 150.
218. Crow, "Saturday Disasters", 133.
219. Rosalind E. Krauss, The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1985), 8-22.
220. David James, Allegories of Cinema: American Film in the Sixties (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1989), 28.
221. Peter Gidal, Andy Warhol: Films and Painting (London: Studio Vista, 1971), 32-33.
222. Gidal, Andy Warhol, 33-34
223. Gidal, Andy Warhol, 58.
224. Benjamin H. D. Buchloh, "Andy Warhol's One-Dimensional Art: 1956-1966", in Andy Warhol: A Retrospective, ed. Kynaston McShine (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1989), 50.
225. Kenneth Anger, Hollywood BabyIon (New York: Dell Publishing, 1975).
226. Thomas Crow, "Saturday Disasters", 133-135.
227. Sidra Stich, Made in USA: An Americanization in Modern Art, thesos & 605 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 15-44.
228. Congress, Senate, House, Committee on Public Works, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts: Hearings Before the Joint Session of the Committee on Public Works, 88th Cong., 1st sess., 12 December 1963, 8.
229. Stich, Mode in USA, 119.
230. Neal Benezra, Ed Paschke (New York: Hudson Hills Press and the Art Institute of Chicago, 1990), 15-39.
231. Stich, Made in USA, 185.
232. Ed Paschke, Violence in Recent American Art (Chicago: Museum of Contemporary Art, 1968)
233. Stich, Made in USA, 185.
234. Warren I. Susman, Culture as History: The Transformation of American Society in the Twentieth Century (New York: Pantheon Books, 1984), 185.
235. Andrew Ross, No Respect: Intellectuals & Popular Culture (New York: Roudedge, Chapman and Hall, 1989), 137-138.
236. Ross, No Respect, 139.
237. Ross, No Respect, 155.
238. Derek Pell, Assassination Rhapsody (Brooklyn: Autonomedia, 1989).
239. "Bruce Conner", Film Comment 5(Winter 1969):18.
240. Bruce Conner, "The Warp and Woof of Bruce Conner", interview by Thyrza Goodeve, Idiolects 14(Spring 1984):46.
241. P. Adams Sitney describes Conner's attitude toward distribution and exhibition of his work as "ambivalent", in Visionary Film: The American Avant-Garde 1943-1978 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), 305.
242. Stan Brakhage, Film at Wi's End (Kingston, N. Y.: Documentext, 1989), 136-138.
243. Sidra Stich, Made in USA: An Americanization in Modern Art, the sos and 6os (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 180.
244. Scott MacDonald, A Critical Cinema: Interviews with Independent Filmmakers (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988), 253.
245. Brian O'Doherty, "Bruce Conner and His Films", in The New American Cinema, ed. Gregory Battcock (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1967), 195.
246. Mitch Tuchman, "Kennedy Death Films", Take One 6(May 1978):20.
247. Film at Wifs End, 133.
248. Conner, 'The Warp and Woof of Bruce Conner", 45.
249. Brakhage, Film at Wit's End, 131.
250. David James, Allegories of Cinema: American Film in the Sixties (Princeton, N. J.: Princeton University Press, 1989), 158.
251. Bruce Conner, "Bruce Conner", Film Comment 5(Winter 1969):18.
252. Leger Grindon, "Significance Reexamined: A Report on Bruce Conner", Post Script 4 (Winter 1985).
253. James, Allegories of Cinema, 156-157.
254. James, Allegories of Cinema, 28.
255. Patricia Mellencamp, "Video Politics: Guerrilla TV, Ant Farm, Eternal Frame", Discourse 10(Spring-Summer 1988):78-100.
256. Mellencamp, "Video Politics", 92.
257. Ant Farm and T. R. Uthco, The Eternal Frame, 1975.
258. "The Eternal Frame: A Nightmare Unfolds in Dealey Plaza", National Lampoon, January 1976, 44-48.
259. Al Andrien, "Jackie's Date with Destiny", National Lampoon, January 1976, 57.
260. Deidre Boyle, "A Brief History of American Documentary Video", in Illuminating Video: An Essential Guide to Video Art, ed. Doug Hall and Sally Jo Fifer, with a preface by David Bolt, with a foreword by David Ross, with an introduction by Doug Hall and Sally Jo Fifer (New York: Aperture, in association with Bay Area Video Coalition, 1990), 51-69.
261. Anthony Frewin, The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: An Annotated Film, TV, and Videography, 1963-1992, with a forward by Martin Short (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993).
262. Pier Paolo Pasolini, "Observations on the Sequence Shot", in Heretical Empiricism, trans. Lawton and Barnett (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 233-237.
263. Gary Kibbons, The Long Take, 1988.
264. Pasolini, "Observations on the Sequence Shot", 237.
265. Don DeLillo, Libra (New York: Viking, 1988), 370.
266. Priscilla Johnson McMillan, Marina and Lee (New York: Harper & Row, 1977), 380
267. Robert G. Blakey and Richard N. Billings, The Plot to Kill the President (New York: Times Books, 1981), 361.
268. Anthony Frewin, The Assassination of John F. Kennedy: An Annotated Film, TV, and Videography, 1963-1992, with a foreword by Martin Short (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993), 93.
269. Thomas Doherty, "A Second Look", Cineaste 16(1988):31.
270. Robin Wood, Arthur Penn (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1969), 70.
271. Arthur Penn, interview by Andre Labarthe and Jean-Louis Comolli, Cahiers du Cinema (December, 1967).
272. Michael Ryan and Douglas Kellner, Camera Politica: The Politics and Ideology of Contemporary Hollywood Film (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 95-105.
273. Richard Hofstadter, The Paranoid Style in American Politics and Other Essays (New York: Vintage Books, 1967).
274. Christopher Lasch, "The Life of Kennedy's Death", Harper's, October 1983, 33.
275. Thomas Elsaesser, "Notes on the Unmotivated Hero, the Pathos of Failure: American Films in the 70s" Monogram 5(October 1975):13.
276. Robin Wood, Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), 27.
277. Wood 's use of the term incoherent and his abbreviated references to the changes brought by the demise of the studio system are from his essay "The Incoherent Text: Narrative in the 70s", Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan, 46-49.
278. Dominick LaCapra, Soundings in Critical Theory (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989), 193.
279. 'Toward a Definition of Filmnoia", The Velvet Light Trap 13(1974):2-6.
280. Hendrik Hertzberg and David C. K. McClelland, "Paranoia: An Idee Fixe Whose Time Has Come" Harpers, June 1974, 51-60.
281. In his semiparodic essay "Sixty Versions of the Kennedy Assassination", Edward Jay Epstein refers to this as the "Dallas Oligarchy Theory", its chief proponent being assassination critic Thomas Buchanan. Epstein writes: "According to Buchanan's theory, 'Mr. X,' a right-wing Texas oil millionaire, had to eliminate Kennedy and Khrushchev to gain world domination of the oil market. He decided to assassinate Kennedy in such a way that Kruschev would be discredited." Smiling Through the Apocalypse: Esquire's History of the Sixties (New York: McCall Publishing Co., 1969), 485.
282. Donald Freed and Mark Lane, Executive Action: Assassination of a Head of State, with an introduction by Richard H. Popkin, with special material by Stephen Jaffe (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1973).
283. Joan Mellen, "Executive Action: The Politics of Distortion", Cineaste 6(1974):8-12.
284. Loren Singer, The Parallax View (New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1972).
285. Stephen Farber, "Movies That Reflect Our Obsession with Conspiracy and Assassination", New York Times, 11 August 1974, p. 11.
286. Peter Dale Scott, "From Dallas to Watergate", in Government by Gunplay, ed. Sid Blumenthal and Harvey Yazijian (New York: Signet, 1976), 113-129.
287. *3 (Woodstock, N. Y.: Rush Harp and Barbara Black, 1977).
288. Robert J. Groden and Harrison Edward Livingston, High Treason (New York: Berkeley Books, 1990), 403-446.
289. L. Fletcher Prouty, The Secret Team: The CIA and Its Alius in Control of the United States and the World (New York: Prentice-Hall, 1973).
290. Chip Berlet, "Friendly Fascists: The Far Right Tries to Move in on the Left", The Progressive, June 1992, 16-20.
291. Michael Ryan and Douglas Kellner, Camera Politica: The Politics and Ideology of Contemporary Hollywood Film (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1988), 95.
292. Seymour Martin Lipset and William Schneider, The Confidence Gap: Business, Labor and Government in the Public Mind (New York: The Free Press, 1983), 36-37.
293. Corporate Power in America, ed. Ralph Nader and Mark J. Green (New York: Grossman Publishers, 1973).
294. Andrew Horton, "Political Assassination and Cinema: Alan J. Pakula's The Parallax View, Persistence of Vision 3/4 (Summer 1986), 66-67.
295. Philip French, "The Parallax View", Sight and Sound 44 (Winter 1974-1975), 54.
296. Joseph Kanon, "The Parallax Candidate", Atlantic, August 1974, 86.
297. Robin Wood, Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986), 31.
298. George Wead, 'Toward a Definition of Filmnoia", The Velvet Light Trap 13(1974):5-6.
299. Richard Condon, "Who Killed Winter Kills?" Harper's, May 1983, 73-80.
300. Aljean Harmetz, "Film Took a Gamble That May Pay Off" New York Times, 17 May 1979, p. 17.
301. Condon, "Who Killed Winter Kills?" 80.
302. Robin Wood, Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan, 50.
303. Linda Williams, Hard Core (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989), 191.
304. Wood, Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan, 155.
305. Beth Horning, "Blow Out: Fake Humanism", Jump Cut 27 (July 1982), 6-7
306. and Jacquelin Bautista, "Intent and Effect in Blow Out", 65-66
307. Beth Horning, "Alienating Hopelessness", Jump Cut 29 (February 1984), 66.
308. Sigmund Freud, On Creativity and the Unconscious (New York: Harper & Row, 1958), 137.
309. Wood, Hollywood from Vietnam to Reagan, 160.
310. Chris Hugo, "Three Films of Brian De Palma", Move 33(Winter 1989):58.
311. Kellner and Ryan, Camera Politica, 99.
312. George Lardner, "Dallas in Wonderland: Oliver Stone and JFK's Assassination", Washington Post, National Weekly Edition, 27 May-2 June 1991, 23-24.
313. Richard Zoglin, "More Shots in Dealey Plaza", Time, 10 June 1991, 64-66.
314. Kenneth Auchincloss, "Twisted History", Newsweek, 23 December 1991, 46-49.
315. Anthony Lewis, "'J-F. K.,'" New York Times, 9 January 1992.
316. James Petras, "The Discrediting of the Fifth Estate", Cineaste 19(1992):15-17.
317. David Anson, "A Troublemaker for Our Times", Newsweek, 23 December 1991, 50.
318. Richard Corliss, "Who Killed J. F. K.?" Time, 23 December 1991, 68.
319. David Denby, 'Thrill of Fear", New York, 6 January 1991, 50-51.
320. "What Does Oliver Stone Owe History?" Newsweek, 23 December 1991, 49;
321. "Plunging into the Labyrinth", Time, 23 December 1991, 74-76;
322. Gary Crowdus, "Clarifying the Conspiracy: An Interview with Oliver Stone", Cineaste 19(1992):25-27.
323. Oliver Stone, "Oliver Stone Talks Back", Premiere, January 1992, 67-72.
324. Oliver Stone, "Dallas in Wonderland: Seeking a Higher Truth...?" 'Washington Post, National Weekly Edition, 10-16 June 1991, 24.
325. Stone, "Oliver Stone Talks Back", 72.
326. The Nation, 18 May 1992, 650, 676-680.
327. Tikkun, March/April 1992, 37.
328. Erwin Knoll, "Conspiracy", The Progressive, March 1992, 4.
329. John M. Newman, JFK and Vietnam: Deception, Intrigue and the Struggle for Power (New York: Warner Books, 1992).
330. Robert Sam Anson, "The Shooting of JFYJ" Esquire, November 1991, 93-102, 174-176.
331. Noam Chomsky, Rethinking Camelot: JFK, the Vietnam War, and U. S. Political Culture (Boston: South End Press, 1993).
332. Bill Carter, "ABC Finds K. G. B. Fickle on Oswald", New York Times, 21 November 1991, C26.
333. "'J. F. K.' May Elicit Action on Files", New York Times, 12 January 1992, 6.
334. Jack Newfield, "Hoffa Had the Mob Murder JFK, New York Post, 14 January 1992, 4-5.
335. Jack Newfield, "Secret Tapes May Hold Key to JFK Plot", New York Post, 28 January 1992, 2, 16.
336. Lawrence K. Altman, "Doctors Affirm Kennedy Autopsy Report", New York Times, 20 May 1992, AI, B7.
337. Dennis L. Breo, "JFKs Death-The Plain Truth from the MDs Who Did the Autopsy" Journal of the American Medical Association, 267(27 May 1992):2794-2807.
338. "Two Shots, from the Rear", New York Times, 20 May 1992, A22.
339. Tim Weiner, "Papers on Kennedy Assassination Are Unsealed, and '6 3 Is Revisited", New York Times, 24 August 1993, AI, AII.
340. "New Files on JFK Assassination Offer Gore but Few Revelations", The Star-Ledger, 4 May 1994, 5.
341. Richard Lingeman, Don't You Know There's a War On? (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1970), 242-243.
342. Stone, "Oliver Stone Talks Back", 69.
343. Pat Dowell, "Last Year at Nuremberg: The Cinematic Strategies of JFK", Cmeaste 19(1992):10.
344. Bob Fisher, 'The Whys and Hows of JFK", American Cinematographer, February 1992, 45.
345. Auchincloss, "Twisted History", 47.
346. Fisher, "The Hows and Whys of JFK", 42-52.
347. Michael Rogin, "AHR Forum JFK: The Movie", American Historical Review 97(April 1992):500-505;
348. Roy Grundman and Cynthia Lucia, "Gays, Women and an Absent Hero: The Sexual Politics of JFK", Cineaste 19(1992):20-22;
349. David Ehrenstein, "JFK-A New Low for Hollywood", Advocate, 14 January 1992, 78-80.
350. Rogin, "AHR Vorum JFK: The Movie", 502.