메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue , 2014, Pages 542-556

Renewable energy powered membrane technology: A leapfrog approach to rural water treatment in developing countries?

Author keywords

Cost; Membrane technology; Renewable energy; sub Saharan Africa; Water quality; Water supply

Indexed keywords

COST ESTIMATING; COSTS; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; ECONOMICS; LOCATION; POTABLE WATER; RURAL AREAS; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY; WATER TREATMENT; MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 84906517960     PISSN: 13640321     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.164     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (114)
  • 2
    • 68749096892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of renewable energy technologies integrated with desalination systems
    • M.A. Eltawil, Z. Zhengming, and L. Yuan A review of renewable energy technologies integrated with desalination systems Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13 2009 2245 2262
    • (2009) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.13 , pp. 2245-2262
    • Eltawil, M.A.1    Zhengming, Z.2    Yuan, L.3
  • 4
    • 84906482987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) [accessed 17.06.12]
    • th World Water Forum 2009. http://www.oecd.org/ dataoecd/53/38/42349741.pdf[accessed 17.06.12].
    • th World Water Forum 2009
  • 5
    • 56249132679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desalinated versus recycled water - Public perceptions, likelihood of adaptation and profiles of early adopters
    • S. Dolničar, and A.I. Schäfer Desalinated versus recycled water - public perceptions, likelihood of adaptation and profiles of early adopters J Environ Manag 90 2009 888 900
    • (2009) J Environ Manag , vol.90 , pp. 888-900
    • Dolničar, S.1    Schäfer, A.I.2
  • 6
    • 14644391510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health
    • DOI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17991-4
    • J. Bartram, K. Lewis, R. Lenton, and A. Wright Focusing on improved water and sanitation for health Lancet 365 2005 810 812 (Pubitemid 40311371)
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , Issue.9461 , pp. 810-812
    • Bartram, J.1    Lewis, K.2    Lenton, R.3    Wright, A.4
  • 7
    • 33846016967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water and sanitation in developing countries: Including health in the equation
    • M.A. Montgomery, and M. Elimelech Water and sanitation in developing countries: including health in the equation Environ Sci Technol 41 1 2007 17 24
    • (2007) Environ Sci Technol , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 17-24
    • Montgomery, M.A.1    Elimelech, M.2
  • 9
    • 84897710443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrafiltration to supply drinking water in international development: A review of opportunities
    • (July 17-19 2007) Ernest K. Yanful, editor Springer Science+Business Media B.V Ghana, Africa (Dordrecht)
    • J. Davey, and A.I. Schäfer Ultrafiltration to supply drinking water in international development: a review of opportunities (July 17-19 2007) Ernest K. Yanful, Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World: Selected Papers from ERTEP 2007 editor 2009 Springer Science+Business Media B.V Ghana, Africa 151 168 (Dordrecht)
    • (2009) Appropriate Technologies for Environmental Protection in the Developing World: Selected Papers from ERTEP 2007 , pp. 151-168
    • Davey, J.1    Schäfer, A.I.2
  • 10
    • 58749089264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decentralized systems for potable water and the potential of membrane technology
    • M. Peter-Varbanets, C. Zurbrügg, C. Swartz, and W. Pronk Decentralized systems for potable water and the potential of membrane technology Water Res 43 2009 245 265
    • (2009) Water Res , vol.43 , pp. 245-265
    • Peter-Varbanets, M.1    Zurbrügg, C.2    Swartz, C.3    Pronk, W.4
  • 11
    • 84906516047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • White Paper for Southeastern Regional Small Public Water Systems Technical Assistance Center (SE-TAC) [accessed May 2014]
    • Eskaf S, Moreau D. Enhancing Performance of Small Water Systems through Shared Management, White Paper for Southeastern Regional Small Public Water Systems Technical Assistance Center (SE-TAC), 2009, http://www.efc.sog.unc.edu/ reslib/item/enhancing-performance-small-water-systems-through-shared- management[accessed May 2014].
    • (2009) Enhancing Performance of Small Water Systems through Shared Management
    • Eskaf, S.1    Moreau, D.2
  • 12
    • 33644883613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable energy for sustainable development in Africa: A review
    • I.M. Bugaje Renewable energy for sustainable development in Africa: a review Renew Sustain Energy Rev 10 2006 603 612
    • (2006) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.10 , pp. 603-612
    • Bugaje, I.M.1
  • 14
    • 50149105335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ofcom UK. [accessed Feb 2014]
    • Ofcom. The Communications Market Report 2013: UK. http://stakeholders. ofcom.org.uk/binaries/research/cmr/cmr13/2013-UK-CMR.pdf[accessed Feb 2014].
    • (2013) The Communications Market Report
  • 15
    • 33846786894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable energy powered membrane technology. 1. Development and characterization of a photovoltaic hybrid membrane system
    • DOI 10.1021/es061166o
    • A.I. Schäfer, A. Broeckmann, and B.S. Richards Renewable energy powered membrane technology. 1. Development and characterization of a photovoltaic hybrid membrane system Environ Sci Technol 41 2007 998 1003 (Pubitemid 46208542)
    • (2007) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.41 , Issue.3 , pp. 998-1003
    • Schafer, A.I.1    Broeckmann, A.2    Richards, B.S.3
  • 17
    • 36849040406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions
    • G. Hutton, L. Haller, and J. Bartram Global cost-benefit analysis of water supply and sanitation interventions J. Water Health 5 4 2007 481 502
    • (2007) J. Water Health , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 481-502
    • Hutton, G.1    Haller, L.2    Bartram, J.3
  • 18
    • 0011319924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations (UN) [accessed October 2010]
    • United Nations (UN). Millennium Development Goals. http://www.un.org/ millenniumgoals/[accessed October 2010].
    • Millennium Development Goals
  • 19
    • 84906516048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed March 2011]
    • WHO/UNICEF JMP 2011 http://www.wssinfo.org/definitions-methods/watsan- categories/[accessed March 2011].
    • (2011) WHO/UNICEF JMP
  • 21
    • 60049084653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capacity building strategies and policy for desalination using renewable energies in Algeria
    • H. Mahmoudi, O. Abdellah, and N. Ghaffour Capacity building strategies and policy for desalination using renewable energies in Algeria Renew Sustain Energy Rev 13 2009 921 926
    • (2009) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.13 , pp. 921-926
    • Mahmoudi, H.1    Abdellah, O.2    Ghaffour, N.3
  • 22
    • 84876585725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes
    • A. Al-Karaghouli, and L.L. Kazmerski Energy consumption and water production cost of conventional and renewable-energy-powered desalination processes Renew Sustain Energy Rev 24 2013 343 356
    • (2013) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.24 , pp. 343-356
    • Al-Karaghouli, A.1    Kazmerski, L.L.2
  • 26
    • 77954493903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Swimming upstream: Why sanitation, hygiene and water are so important to mothers and their daughters
    • C. Brocklehurst, and J. Bartram Swimming upstream: why sanitation, hygiene and water are so important to mothers and their daughters Bull World Health Organ 88 7 2010 482
    • (2010) Bull World Health Organ , vol.88 , Issue.7 , pp. 482
    • Brocklehurst, C.1    Bartram, J.2
  • 27
    • 84906512289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global water tariffs continue upward trend
    • (http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/12/9/market-profile/ global-water-tariffs-continue-upward-trend.html[accessed February 2014])
    • D. Zetland Global water tariffs continue upward trend Global Water Intell 12 9 2011 (http://www.globalwaterintel.com/archive/12/9/market-profile/global- water-tariffs-continue-upward-trend.html[accessed February 2014])
    • (2011) Global Water Intell , vol.12 , Issue.9
    • Zetland, D.1
  • 28
    • 33645192820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
    • Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. UNDP, New York
    • United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Human Development Report 2006. Beyond scarcity: Power, poverty and the global water crisis. UNDP, New York, 2006.
    • (2006) Human Development Report 2006
  • 29
  • 33
    • 84906490257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asian Development Bank (ADB) Annex 1 Urban water supply and sanitation - Technical standards and options [accessed October 2010]
    • Asian Development Bank (ADB). Sri Lanka: Small towns and rural arid areas water supply and sanitation project. Annex 1 Urban water supply and sanitation - Technical standards and options. 2008. http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/ Consultant/37381-SRI/[accessed October 2010].
    • (2008) Sri Lanka: Small Towns and Rural Arid Areas Water Supply and Sanitation Project
  • 34
    • 84908403340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD) [accessed October 2010]
    • Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD). WSS Utility Database. http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/tools/data2009; [accessed October 2010].
    • (2009) WSS Utility Database
  • 36
    • 84906496102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed March 2011]
    • OANDA 2011 Currency converter. http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical- rates/[accessed March 2011].
    • OANDA 2011 Currency Converter
  • 38
    • 0036842095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distributed power generation versus grid extension: An assessment of solar photovoltaics for rural electrification in Northern Ghana
    • DOI 10.1002/pip.439
    • J. Nässén, J. Evertsson, and B. Andersson Distributed power generation versus grid extension: an assessment of solar photovoltaics for rural electrification in northern Ghana Prog Photovolt: Res Appl 10 2002 495 510 (Pubitemid 35289504)
    • (2002) Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications , vol.10 , Issue.7 , pp. 495-510
    • Nassen, J.1    Evertsson, J.2    Andersson, B.A.3
  • 39
    • 84906516044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Policy Brief: Cost-benefit analysis of rural electrification
    • December 2012. [accessed March 2014]
    • Anderson R, Ræstad MJ, Sainju P. Policy Brief: Cost-benefit analysis of rural electrification. NORPLAN report December 2012. http://www.multiconsult.no/Documents/NORPLAN%20study%20Policy%20Brief%201%20- %20Cost-benefit%20analysis%20-%20NORPLAN%20-%20FINAL%20Dec%202012.pdf[accessed March 2014].
    • NORPLAN Report
    • Anderson, R.1    Ræstad, M.J.2    Sainju, P.3
  • 41
    • 84884384135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • REN21 REN21 Secretariat, Paris [accessed 21.02.14]
    • REN21. Renewables 2013 Global Status Report. REN21 Secretariat, Paris, 2013. http://www.ren21.net/Portals/0/documents/Resources/GSR/2013/GSR2013- lowres.pdf[accessed 21.02.14].
    • (2013) Renewables 2013 Global Status Report
  • 43
    • 84870721178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed 16.06.13]
    • Europe's Energy Portal. http://www.energy.eu/#domestic/[accessed 16.06.13].
    • Europe's Energy Portal
  • 44
    • 84890309297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Towards grid parity in insular energy systems: The case of photovoltaics (PV) in Cyprus
    • P.A. Fokaides, and A. Kylili Towards grid parity in insular energy systems: the case of photovoltaics (PV) in Cyprus Energy Policy 65 2014 223 228
    • (2014) Energy Policy , vol.65 , pp. 223-228
    • Fokaides, P.A.1    Kylili, A.2
  • 45
    • 84896725284 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innovations in financing that drive cost parity for long-term electricity sustainability: An assessment of Italy, Europe's fastest growing solar photovoltaic market
    • N. Ameli, and D.M. Kammen Innovations in financing that drive cost parity for long-term electricity sustainability: an assessment of Italy, Europe's fastest growing solar photovoltaic market Energy Sustain Dev 19 2014 130 137
    • (2014) Energy Sustain Dev , vol.19 , pp. 130-137
    • Ameli, N.1    Kammen, D.M.2
  • 46
    • 84889015435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are we there yet? Improving solar PV economics and power planning in developing countries: The case of Kenya
    • J. Ondraczek Are we there yet? Improving solar PV economics and power planning in developing countries: the case of Kenya Renew Sustain Energy Revs 30 2014 604 615
    • (2014) Renew Sustain Energy Revs , vol.30 , pp. 604-615
    • Ondraczek, J.1
  • 48
    • 0030147912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characteristics and costs of MF and UF plants
    • S.S. Adham, J.G. Jacangelo, and J.M. LaIné Characteristics and costs of MF and UF plants J AWWA 88 5 1996 22 43
    • (1996) J AWWA , vol.88 , Issue.5 , pp. 22-43
    • Adham, S.S.1    Jacangelo, J.G.2    Lainé, J.M.3
  • 53
    • 84855819266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pros and cons of using nanofiltration in lieu of reverse osmosis for indirect potable reuse applications
    • C. Bellona, D. Heil, C. Yu, P. Fu, and J.E. Drewes The pros and cons of using nanofiltration in lieu of reverse osmosis for indirect potable reuse applications Sep Purif Technol 85 2012 69 76
    • (2012) Sep Purif Technol , vol.85 , pp. 69-76
    • Bellona, C.1    Heil, D.2    Yu, C.3    Fu, P.4    Drewes, J.E.5
  • 54
    • 38549118939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water desalination cost literature: Review and assessment
    • DOI 10.1016/j.desal.2007.02.071, PII S0011916407008843
    • I.C. Karagiannis, and P.G. Soldatos Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment Desalination 223 2008 448 456 (Pubitemid 351150116)
    • (2008) Desalination , vol.223 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 448-456
    • Karagiannis, I.C.1    Soldatos, P.G.2
  • 55
    • 46449119810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the cost of desalination plants using a cost database
    • DOI 10.1016/j.desal.2007.07.023, PII S0011916408002683
    • M.K. Wittholz, B.K. O'Neill, C.B. Colby, and D. Lewis Estimating the cost of desalination plants using a cost database Desalination 229 2008 10 20 (Pubitemid 351927735)
    • (2008) Desalination , vol.229 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 10-20
    • Wittholz, M.K.1    O'Neill, B.K.2    Colby, C.B.3    Lewis, D.4
  • 56
    • 84863463219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Full cost in desalination. A case study of the Segura River Basin
    • E. Lapuente Full cost in desalination. A case study of the Segura River Basin Desalination 300 2012 40 45
    • (2012) Desalination , vol.300 , pp. 40-45
    • Lapuente, E.1
  • 59
    • 48149099239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: Thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation
    • S. Al-Obaidani, E. Curcio, F. Macedonio, G. Di Profio, H. Al-Hinaid, and E. Drioli Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation J Membr Sci 323 2008 85 98
    • (2008) J Membr Sci , vol.323 , pp. 85-98
    • Al-Obaidani, S.1    Curcio, E.2    Macedonio, F.3    Di Profio, G.4    Al-Hinaid, H.5    Drioli, E.6
  • 60
    • 66449135118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment for low pressure membranes in water treatment: A review
    • H. Huang, K. Schwab, and J.G. Jacangelo Pretreatment for low pressure membranes in water treatment: a review Environ Sci Technol 43 9 2009 3011 3019
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , Issue.9 , pp. 3011-3019
    • Huang, H.1    Schwab, K.2    Jacangelo, J.G.3
  • 62
    • 72249105301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household water treatment in developing countries: Comparing different intervention types
    • P.R. Hunter Household water treatment in developing countries: comparing different intervention types Environ Sci Technol 43 2009 8991 8997
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , pp. 8991-8997
    • Hunter, P.R.1
  • 63
    • 64349118281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Household water treatment in poor populations: Is there enough evidence for scaling up now?
    • W.-D. Schmidt, and S. Cairncross Household water treatment in poor populations: is there enough evidence for scaling up now? Environ Sci Technol 43 4 2009 986 992
    • (2009) Environ Sci Technol , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 986-992
    • Schmidt, W.-D.1    Cairncross, S.2
  • 64
    • 84906483833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed October 2010]
    • Vestergaard Frandsen. http://www.vestergaard-frandsen.com/ lifestraw[accessed October 2010].
    • Vestergaard Frandsen
  • 66
    • 41149117499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades
    • DOI 10.1038/nature06599, PII NATURE06599
    • M.A. Shannon, P.W. Bohn, M. Elimelech, J.G. Georgiadis, B.J. Mariñas, and A.M. Mayes Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades Nature 452 7185 2008 301 310 (Pubitemid 351430783)
    • (2008) Nature , vol.452 , Issue.7185 , pp. 301-310
    • Shannon, M.A.1    Bohn, P.W.2    Elimelech, M.3    Georgiadis, J.G.4    Marias, B.J.5    Mayes, A.M.6
  • 67
    • 84906516045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faculty Working Paper, College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1975 290, [accessed July 2012]
    • Hinomoto H. Do economies of scale exist in water utility? Faculty Working Paper, College of Commerce and Business Administration, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1975 290, http://www.archive.org/details/ doeconomiesofsca290hino, [accessed July 2012].
    • Do Economies of Scale Exist in Water Utility?
    • Hinomoto, H.1
  • 71
    • 84906494265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integrated Water Resources Management Conference, Dresden 2011. [accessed April 2014]
    • Brenda M, Urban WJF. Solardriven desalination - an environmentally sound technology. Integrated Water Resources Management Conference, Dresden 2011. http://www.iwar.tu-darmstadt.de/media/iwar-wasserversorgung/mitarbeiter-6/ brenda/Desal-Poster-CWDesign.pdf[accessed April 2014].
    • Solardriven Desalination - An Environmentally Sound Technology
    • Brenda, M.1    Urban, W.J.F.2
  • 72
    • 0037056681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design considerations for a solar-powered desalination system for remote communities in Australia
    • B.S. Richards, and A.I. Schäfer Design considerations for a solar-powered desalination system for remote communities in Australia Desalination 144 2002 193 199
    • (2002) Desalination , vol.144 , pp. 193-199
    • Richards, B.S.1    Schäfer, A.I.2
  • 73
    • 84857885397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of intermittent operation on a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination
    • G.L. Park, A.I. Schäfer, and B.S. Richards The effect of intermittent operation on a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination Water Sci Technol 65 5 2012 867 874
    • (2012) Water Sci Technol , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 867-874
    • Park, G.L.1    Schäfer, A.I.2    Richards, B.S.3
  • 74
    • 29444441406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membranes and renewable energy - A new era of sustainable development for developing countries
    • DOI 10.1016/S0958-2118(05)70569-3, PII S0958211805705693
    • A. Schäfer, A. Broeckmann, and B. Richards Membranes and renewable energy - a new era of sustainable development for developing countries Membr Technol 11 2005 6 10 (Pubitemid 43009012)
    • (2005) Membrane Technology , Issue.11 , pp. 6-10
    • Schafer, A.1    Broeckmann, A.2    Richards, B.3
  • 75
    • 84864045070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable energy-powered membrane technology: Supercapacitors for buffering resource fluctuations in a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination
    • G. Park, A.I. Schäfer, and B.S. Richards Renewable energy-powered membrane technology: supercapacitors for buffering resource fluctuations in a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination Renew Energy 50 2013 126 135
    • (2013) Renew Energy , vol.50 , pp. 126-135
    • Park, G.1    Schäfer, A.I.2    Richards, B.S.3
  • 76
    • 79951556358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable energy powered membrane technology: The effect of wind speed fluctuations on the performance of a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination
    • G.L. Park, A.I. Schäfer, and B.S. Richards Renewable energy powered membrane technology: the effect of wind speed fluctuations on the performance of a wind-powered membrane system for brackish water desalination J Membr Sci 370 2011 34 44
    • (2011) J Membr Sci , vol.370 , pp. 34-44
    • Park, G.L.1    Schäfer, A.I.2    Richards, B.S.3
  • 77
    • 84906494261 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar Photovoltaic Plant Operating and Maintenance Costs
    • September 2010. [accessed February 2014]
    • Jacobi J, Starkweather R. Solar Photovoltaic Plant Operating and Maintenance Costs. ScottMadden report September 2010. http://www.scottmadden. com/insight/407/Solar-Photovoltaic-Plant-Operating-and-Maintenance-Costs. html[accessed February 2014].
    • ScottMadden Report
    • Jacobi, J.1    Starkweather, R.2
  • 78
    • 33846312448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social aspects of a solar-powered desalination unit for remote Australian communities
    • DOI 10.1016/j.desal.2006.05.008, PII S0011916406012884
    • M. Werner, and A.I. Schäfer Social aspects of a solar-powered desalination unit for remote Australian communities Desalination 203 2007 375 393 (Pubitemid 46117962)
    • (2007) Desalination , vol.203 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 375-393
    • Werner, M.1    Schafer, A.I.2
  • 79
    • 77954204902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solar-driven desalination with reverse osmosis: The state of the art
    • A. Ghermandi, and R. Messalem Solar-driven desalination with reverse osmosis: the state of the art Desalin Water Treat 7 2009 285 296
    • (2009) Desalin Water Treat , vol.7 , pp. 285-296
    • Ghermandi, A.1    Messalem, R.2
  • 80
    • 67650720960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of membrane processes and renewable energies for desalination
    • C. Charcosset A review of membrane processes and renewable energies for desalination Desalination 245 2009 214 231
    • (2009) Desalination , vol.245 , pp. 214-231
    • Charcosset, C.1
  • 81
    • 71549154093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic-driven desalination systems
    • A. Al-Karaghouli, D. Renne, and L.L. Kazmerski Technical and economic assessment of photovoltaic-driven desalination systems Renew Energy 35 2010 323 328
    • (2010) Renew Energy , vol.35 , pp. 323-328
    • Al-Karaghouli, A.1    Renne, D.2    Kazmerski, L.L.3
  • 82
    • 70349484249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skyjuice technology impact on the U.N. MDG outcomes for safe affordable potable water
    • R. Butler Skyjuice technology impact on the U.N. MDG outcomes for safe affordable potable water Desalination 248 2009 622 628
    • (2009) Desalination , vol.248 , pp. 622-628
    • Butler, R.1
  • 83
    • 0343674732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Desalination by solar-powered reverse osmosis in a remote area of the Sultanate of Oman
    • DOI 10.1016/S0306-2619(99)00100-2, PII S0306261999001002, Energex 98: proceedings of the 7th International Energy Conference, Bahrain
    • Z. Al Suleimani, and V.R. Nair Desalination by solar-powered reverse osmosis in a remote area of the Sultanate of Oman Appl Energy 65 2000 367 380 (Pubitemid 30184249)
    • (2000) Applied Energy , vol.65 , Issue.1-4 , pp. 367-380
    • Al Suleimani, Z.1    Nair, V.R.2
  • 86
    • 84906494263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustainable and decentralized drinking water supply with Mörk Desalin
    • Instanbul, Turkey, 23-24 Oct 2013. [accessed May 2014]
    • Puy J. Sustainable and decentralized drinking water supply with Mörk Desalin. 16th International Business Forum, Instanbul, Turkey, 23-24 Oct 2013. http://www.ibf2013.net/en/outcomes/download.php?id=1010[accessed May 2014].
    • 16th International Business Forum
    • Puy, J.1
  • 89
    • 45249084550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Renewable energy powered membrane technology. 2. The effect of energy fluctuations on performance of a photovoltaic hybrid membrane system
    • DOI 10.1021/es703157n
    • B.S. Richards, D.P.S. Capão, and A.I. Schäfer Renewable Energy Powered Membrane Technology. 2. The Effect of Energy Fluctuations on Performance of a Photovoltaic Hybrid Membrane System Environ Sci Technol 42 2008 4563 4569 (Pubitemid 351842407)
    • (2008) Environmental Science and Technology , vol.42 , Issue.12 , pp. 4563-4569
    • Richards, B.S.1    Capao, D.P.S.2    Schafer, A.I.3
  • 91
    • 38349054865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Economic evaluation of desalination by small-scale autonomous solar-powered membrane distillation units
    • F. Banat, and N. Jwaied Economic evaluation of desalination by small-scale autonomous solar-powered membrane distillation units Desalination 220 2008 566 573
    • (2008) Desalination , vol.220 , pp. 566-573
    • Banat, F.1    Jwaied, N.2
  • 92
    • 0012351154 scopus 로고
    • Models of Management Systems for the Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities
    • [accessed October 2010]
    • Roark P, Hodgkin J, Wyatt A. Models of Management Systems for the Operation and Maintenance of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Facilities. WASH Technical Report No, 71, 1993, http://www.ehproject.org/eh/eh-publications. html#technical[accessed October 2010].
    • (1993) WASH Technical Report No, 71
    • Roark, P.1    Hodgkin, J.2    Wyatt, A.3
  • 93
    • 0037217864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Water safety plans for small systems: A model for applying HACCP concepts for cost-effective monitoring in developing countries
    • G. Howard Water safety plans for small systems: a model for applying HACCP concepts for cost-effective monitoring in developing countries Water Sci Technol 47 3 2003 215 220 (Pubitemid 36300865)
    • (2003) Water Science and Technology , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-220
    • Howard, G.1
  • 94
    • 33845276966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Putting solar home system programmes into perspective: What lessons are relevant?
    • DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.04.001, PII S0301421506001686
    • F. van der Vleuten, N. Stam, and R. van der Plas Putting solar home system programmes into perspective: what lessons are relevant? Energy Policy 35 2007 1439 1451 (Pubitemid 44858134)
    • (2007) Energy Policy , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 1439-1451
    • Van Der Vleuten, F.1    Stam, N.2    Van Der Plas, R.3
  • 96
    • 84906504007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Barefoot College [accessed April 2014]
    • Barefoot College. 2014 http://www.barefootcollege.org/[accessed April 2014].
    • (2014)
  • 97
    • 77957775154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fault-tolerant control of a small reverse osmosis desalination plant with feed water bypass
    • Baltimore, MD, USA
    • Gambier A, Miksch T, Badreddin E. Fault-tolerant control of a small reverse osmosis desalination plant with feed water bypass. In: Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2010, pp. 3611-3616.
    • (2010) Proceedings of the American Control Conference , pp. 3611-3616
    • Gambier, A.1    Miksch, T.2    Badreddin, E.3
  • 99
    • 0242269364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination plants for rural water supply in a developing country - A case study
    • DOI 10.1023/A:1026147331266
    • P.S. Kelkar, V.A. Joshi, M.H. Ansari, and U. Manivel Performance evaluation of reverse osmosis desalination plants for ruralwater supply in a developing country - a case study Environ Monit Assess 89 2003 243 261 (Pubitemid 37361232)
    • (2003) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 243-261
    • Kelkar, P.S.1    Joshi, V.A.2    Ansari, M.H.3    Manivel, U.4
  • 103
    • 84878837059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power sector renewable energy integration for expanding access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa
    • M.Y. Suberu, M.W. Mustafa, N. Bashir, N.A. Muhamad, and A.S. Mokhtar Power sector renewable energy integration for expanding access to electricity in sub-Saharan Africa Renew Sustain Energy Rev 25 2013 630 642
    • (2013) Renew Sustain Energy Rev , vol.25 , pp. 630-642
    • Suberu, M.Y.1    Mustafa, M.W.2    Bashir, N.3    Muhamad, N.A.4    Mokhtar, A.S.5
  • 106
    • 84887926634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre Netherlands (http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ Public-Private-Partnerships-for-Rural-Water-Supply.pdf[accessed February 2013])
    • E. Kleemeier, and H. Lockwood Public-private partnerships for rural water services 2012 IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre Netherlands (http://water.worldbank.org/sites/water.worldbank.org/files/publication/ Public-Private-Partnerships-for-Rural-Water-Supply.pdf[accessed February 2013])
    • (2012) Public-private Partnerships for Rural Water Services
    • Kleemeier, E.1    Lockwood, H.2
  • 107
    • 84862591122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding why women adopt and sustain home water treatment: Insights from the Malawi antenatal care program
    • S. Wood, J. Foster, and A. Kols Understanding why women adopt and sustain home water treatment: insights from the Malawi antenatal care program Soc Sci Med 75 2012 634 642
    • (2012) Soc Sci Med , vol.75 , pp. 634-642
    • Wood, S.1    Foster, J.2    Kols, A.3
  • 108
    • 84906494260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prinsloo [accessed October 2010]
    • Prinsloo. Cape-based ultrafiltration membrane plant commissioned Engineering News. http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/ikusasa-produces-the- first-locally-developed-ultrafiltration-membranes-for-water-purification-2010- 01-29[accessed October 2010].
    • Cape-based Ultrafiltration Membrane Plant Commissioned Engineering News
  • 111
    • 84906503685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CuveWaters [accessed April 2014]
    • CuveWaters. Water is Life - Omeya ogo omwenyo: CuveWaters mid-term report. 2013. http://www.cuvewaters.net/fileadmin/edit/Downloads/Publications/ CuveWaters-mid-term-report-2013.pdf[accessed April 2014].
    • (2013) Water Is Life - Omeya Ogo Omwenyo: CuveWaters Mid-term Report
  • 114
    • 84906516042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • [accessed April 2014]
    • CuveWaters Project Overview website. http://www.cuvewaters.net/Project- overview.6.0.html[accessed April 2014].
    • CuveWaters Project Overview Website


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.