Abraham Lincoln: The observations of John G. Nicolay and John Hay

Abraham Lincoln: The Observations of John G. Nicolay and John Hay

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-175

  Burlingame, Michael ^a  

^a The Holleran Center for Community Action and Public Policy   (United States)

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EID: 84906468546     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (452)

1. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols.; New York: Century, 1890), 1:xiii.
2. John Hay to William Dean Howells, Washington, 22 January 1890, in George Monteiro and Brenda Murphy, eds., John Hay-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of John Milton Hay and William Dean Howells, 1861-1905 (Boston: Twayne, 1980), 96.
3. A. Mitchell to Richard Watson Gilder, New York, 28 March 1887, Century Collection, New York Public Library;
4. Life, 17 March 1887.
5. (Life, 4 April 1887)
6. Life, 12 May 1887.
7. Harry E. Pratt, "Lincoln Literature", Illinois Libraries 24(1942):35.
8. David C. Mearns, ed., The Lincoln Papers: The Story of the Collection with Selections to July 4, 1861 (2 vols.; Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, 1948), 1:79.
9. William Roscoe Thayer, The Life and Letters of John Hay (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1915), 2:50.
10. Tyler Dennett, John Hay: From Poetry to Politics (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1934), 135-36.
11. Hay to Nicolay, New York, Friday (only day given-ca. 1889 or 1890), John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University (in a folder marked "Abraham Lincoln: A History, Correspondence with Gilder, Buel & Nicolay").
12. Helen Nicolay, Lincoln's Secretary: A Biography of John G. Nicolay (New York: Longmans, Green, 1949), 298.
13. Gilder to Nicolay, n. p., n. d., in Helen Nicolay, Lincoln's Secretary, 299.
14. Gilder to Nicolay and Hay, New York, 2 January 1890, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
15. Hay to Nicolay, Cleveland, 10 August 1885, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
16. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols.; New York: Century, 1890), 6:24.
17. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 6:193.
18. Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1988), xii.
19. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 1:x-xi, xiii.
20. Nicolay to Gilder, Washington, 24 January 1890, copy, Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress.
21. Campaigns of the Civil War (New York: Scribner's, 1881).
22. Hay to Nicolay, Cleveland, 10 August 1885, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
23. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 3:31, 21.
24. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 2:330.
25. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 3:274.
26. Hay to Nicolay, Cleveland, 10 August 1885, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
27. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 1:133.
28. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 1:88.
29. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Chicago, 2 January 1887, and Springfield, 22 January 1887, in Emanuel Hertz, ed., The Hidden Lincoln: From the Letters and Papers of William H. Herndon (New York: Viking, 1938), 152, 158.
30. Milton Hay to John Hay, Springfield, 8 February 1887, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
31. Mearns, ed., Lincoln Papers, 1:74.
32. Hay to Robert Todd Lincoln, Cleveland, 27 January 1885, in Mearns, ed., Lincoln Papers, 1:75.
33. Hay to Gilder, 29 December [1886], Lincoln File, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
34. Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 21, 42;
35. John Y. Simon, House Divided: Lincoln and His Father (Fort Wayne: Louis A. Warren Lincoln Library and Museum, 1987).
36. Benjamin P. Thomas, Portrait for Posterity: Lincoln and His Biographers (New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1947), 112-15.
37. Hay, "The Early Life of Abraham Lincoln", 3, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
38. Hay, "Early Life", 44.
39. Hay to Lincoln, 20 April 1885, in Mearns, ed., Lincoln Papers, 1:75.
40. Hay to Lincoln, 6 January 1886, in Mearns, ed., Lincoln Papers, 1:75.
41. Hay to William H. Herndon, Paris, 5 September 1866, in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side: John Hay's Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 110.
42. Evelyn W. Symington Collection, Library of Congress; John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
43. Mearns to Otto Eisenschiml, Washington, 2 October 1951, copy, Mearns Papers, Library of Congress.
44. Browning, interview by Nicolay, Springfield, 17 June 1875, in Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay's Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 1.
45. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 1:201.
46. Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 3.
47. Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side, 185-87.
48. Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side, 185-203.
49. Adam Badeau, "Was Mrs. Lincoln Insane ?" New York World, 9 January 1887.
50. Hay to Nicolay, Cleveland, 29 August 1885, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
51. Gilder to Nicolay and Hay, New York, 16 June 1888, Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress;
52. Nicolay to Hay, Washington, 22 June 1888, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
53. Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side, 113-40.
54. Harper's Monthly 82(February 1891):478-82
55. George Monteiro and Brenda Murphy, eds., John Hay-Howells Letters: The Correspondence of John Milton Hay and William Dean Howells, 1861-1905 (Boston: Twayne, 1980), 141.
56. Lincoln to Hay, Chicago, 14 April 1888, Evelyn W. Symington Collection, Library of Congress.
57. Letter by Rhodes, Paris, n. d.
58. Mearns, ed., Lincoln Papers, 1:80.
59. Nevins to Ida M. Tarbell, New York, 30 May 1939, Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania.
60. Mearns, ed., Lincoln Papers, 1:81.
61. William E. Barton, "The Lincoln of the Biographers", Transactions of Illinois State Historical Society, vol. 36 (Springfield: Illinois State Historical Society, 1929), 103.
62. (Pratt, "Lincoln Literature", 35).
63. J. C. Fitzpatrick to James G. Randall, Washington, 12 March 1935, Randall Papers, Library of Congress.
64. Pratt, "Lincoln Literature", 35.
65. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 1:104-5.
66. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Chicago, 24 December 1886, in Hertz, ed., Hidden Lincoln, 151.
67. David Rankin Barbee to Stephen I. Gilchrist, Washington, 2 April 1933
68. William H. Townsend to Edward C. Stone, Lexington, Ky., 6 March 1945
69. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 4:192.
70. Nicolay and Hay, Lincoln, 2:306-14.
71. Pratt, "Lincoln Literature", 35.
72. Hay to Nicolay, New York, 18 September 1887, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
73. Herndon to Weik, Springfield, 22 January 1887, in Hertz, ed., Hidden Lincoln, 157.
74. William Peterfield Trent et al., eds., The Cambridge History of American Literature (4 vols.; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1927), 3:378.
75. Burlingame, Inner World, passim.
76. Herndon to Weik, Chicago, 2 January 1887, in Hertz, ed., Hidden Lincoln, 152.
77. Basler to Robert Gale, 5 and 15 February 1974, copies, Basler Papers, Library of Congress.
78. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 6 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 7 November 1860.
79. Springfield correspondence, 6 November, New York Tribune, 7 and 10 November 1860;
80. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 6 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 7 November 1860.
81. Springfield correspondence by A. C. C., 7 November, Independent Democrat (Concord, N. H.), 22 November 1860.
82. Springfield correspondence, 6 November, New York Tribune, 7 and 10 November 1860.
83. Springfield correspondence by Hay, 7 November, Providence (R. I.) Journal, 15 November 1860, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln's Journalist: John Hay's Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860-1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 14;
84. memorandum by Nicolay, 6 November 1860, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 8;
85. William H. Herndon to Jesse W. Weik, Springfield, 14 November 1885, Herndon-Weik Papers, Library of Congress;
86. Springfield correspondence, 6 November, New York Tribune, 7 and 10 November 1860.
87. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 6 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 7 November 1860.
88. Springfield correspondence by A. C. C., 7 November, Independent Democrat (Concord, N. H.), 22 November 1860.
89. Samuel R. Weed, "Hearing the Returns with Mr. Lincoln", New York Times Magazine, 14 February 1932 (written in the 1880s).
90. Springfield correspondence by A. C. C., 7 November, Independent Democrat (Concord, N. H.), 22 November 1860.
91. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 November 1860.
92. Springfield correspondence, 7 November, New York Tribune, 8 and 12 November 1860;
93. Weed, "Hearing the Returns";
94. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 November 1860.
95. Mrs. James C. Conkling to her son, Clinton Conkling, Springfield, 7 November 1860, in Harry E. Pratt, ed., Concerning Mr. Lincoln, in which Abraham Lincoln Is Pictured as He Appeared to Letter Writers of His Time (Springfield: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1944), 27-28.
96. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 November 1860.
97. Weed, "Hearing the Returns."
98. George W. Brinkerhoff to Edward McPherson, Springfield, 19 November 1860, McPherson Papers, Library of Congress.
99. James A. Bayard to S. L. M. Barlow, Wilmington, Delaware, 4 October 1860, Barlow Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California;
100. William Dusinberre, Civil War Issues in Philadelphia, 1856-1865 (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1965), 101.
101. Springfield correspondence, 7 November, New York Tribune, 8 and 12 November 1860;
102. Henry Guest McPike in Walter B. Stevens, A Reporter's Lincoln, ed. Michael Burlingame (1916; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1998), 64-65.
103. Springfield correspondence, 7 November, New York Tribune, 8 and 12 November 1860;
104. Weed, "Hearing the Returns with Mr. Lincoln";
105. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 November 1860.
106. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 November, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 November 1860.
107. Oliver R. Barrett to Albert J. Beveridge, Chicago, 17 June 1926, Beveridge Papers, Library of Congress.
108. Howard W. Allen and Vincent A. Lacey, eds., Illinois Elections, 1818-1990: Candidates and County Returns for President, Governor, Senate, and House of Representatives (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1992).
109. Springfield correspondence, 7 November, New York Tribune, 8 and 12 November 1860.
110. William H. Herndon's account in Caroline Dall, "Journal of a tour through Illinois, Wisconsin and Ohio, Oct. & Nov. 1866", entry for 29 October 1866, Dall Papers, Bryn Mawr College.
111. Cleveland Plain Dealer, n. d.
112. Daily News, 26 February 1861;
113. Ari A. Hoogenboom, Outlawing the Spoils: A History of the Civil Service Reform Movement, 1865-1883 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961), 1-7;
114. Carl Russell Fish, The Civil Service and the Patronage (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1920), 173-85;
115. Leonard D. White, The Jacksonians: A Study in Administrative History, 1829-1861 (New York: Macmillan, 1954), 300-46.
116. "The Policy of the Administration", Cincinnati Gazette, 8 April 1861.
117. Cincinnati Commercial, n. d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 25 March 1861.
118. Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, 20 April 1861.
119. Washington correspondence by "Occasional" [John W. Forney], 1 April, Philadelphia Press, 2 April 1861.
120. Harvey to Horace Greeley, Washington, 24 March [1861], Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.
121. Indianapolis Journal, n. d., copied in the Cincinnati Commercial, 24 August 1861.
122. Washington correspondence, 26 March, Charleston Mercury, 29 March 1861.
123. New York Morning Express, 1 April 1861.
124. Washington correspondence, 15 March, New York Times, 16 March 1861.
125. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 10, 11, and 12 March, Cincinnati Commercial, 11, 12, and 13 March 1861.
126. Washington correspondence, 12 March, New York World, 13 March 1861.
127. Washington correspondence, 23 March, New York World, 25 March 1861.
128. Washington correspondence, 16 March, Philadelphia Daily News, 18 March 1861.
129. Washington correspondence, 18 March, New York Tribune, 19 March 1861.
130. William Dean Howells, Literary Friends and Acquaintances: A Personal Retrospect of American Authorship, ed. David F. Hiatt and Edwin H. Cady (1900; Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968), 73;
131. William O. Stoddard, "Recollections of a Checkered Lifetime", unpublished memoirs, 2 vols.; 2:429, Detroit Public Library;
132. Washington correspondence, 7 March, New York Times, 8 March 1861.
133. William O. Stoddard, "White House Sketches", New York Citizen, 25 August 1866
134. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln's Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 151, 57;
135. Robert Colby to Lincoln, New York, 18 May 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress;
136. Washington correspondence by Noah Brooks, 7 November, Sacramento Daily Union, 4 December 1863
137. Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 83.
138. John Russell Young, "Lincoln as He Was", Pittsburgh Dispatch, 23 August 1891.
139. Stoddard, "White House Sketches", New York Citizen, 25 August 1866
140. Stoddard, Inside the White House, ed. Burlingame, 151, 57.
141. John W. Starr, "Lincoln and the Office Seekers", typescript dated 1936, addenda, p. 6
142. Washington Sunday Chronicle, 24 November 1861.
143. Washington correspondence, 3 December, New York Herald, 4 December 1862.
144. John Russell Young, "John Hay, Secretary of State", Munsey's Magazine, 8 January 1929, 247;
145. Young in the Philadelphia Evening Star, 22 August 1891;
146. T. C. Evans, "Personal Reminiscences of John Hay", Chattanooga (Tenn.) Sunday Times, 30 July 1905.
147. Hay to Young, Newbury, New Hampshire, 27 August 1891, Young Papers, Library of Congress.
148. Ron Chernow, Alexander Hamilton (New York: Penguin, 2004).
149. J. B. Angell, The Reminiscences of James Burrill Angell (New York: Longmans, Green, 1912), 109.
150. A. S. Chapman, "The Boyhood of John Hay", Century Magazine, July 1909, 450.
151. William Leete Stone, "John Hay, 1858", in Memories of Brown: Traditions and Recollections Gathered from Many Sources, ed. Robert Perkins Brown et al. (Providence, R. I.: Brown Alumni Magazine, 1909), 153-54.
152. Bishop, "A Friendship with John Hay", Century Magazine, March 1906, 778.
153. Clark E. Carr, The Illini: A Story of the Prairies (Chicago: McClurg, 1904), 51.
154. Logan Hay's "Notes on the History of the Logan and Hay Families", 30 May 1939, Stuart-Hay Papers, Lincoln Presidential Library.
155. St. Louis Dispatch, 30 May [no year given], clipping in a scrapbook, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
156. Mitchel to Hay, East Orange, New Jersey, 12 February 1905, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
157. David Herbert Donald, "We Are Lincoln Men": Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2003), 177-211.
158. "The Authorship of the Bixby Letter", in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side: John Hay's Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 169-84.
159. John Hay to James A. Garfield, Washington, 16 February 1881, John Hay Papers, John Hay Library, Brown University.
160. Washington correspondence by John Hay, 6 March, New York World, 8 March 1861
161. Burlingame, ed., Lincoln's Journalist, 54.
162. "A Disappointed Office-seeker Discourseth to his Brothers", Washington, 20 March, New York Evening Post, 26 March 1861.
163. Schuyler Colfax to [Daniel D. Pratt], Washington, 7 December 1860, Pratt Papers, Indiana State Library, Indianapolis.
164. Washington correspondence, 1 April, Cincinnati Commercial, 3 April 1861;
165. Washington correspondence, 31 March, New York World, 1 April 1861;
166. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 31 March and 2 April 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 32.
167. Hay to William H. Herndon, Paris, 5 September 1866, in Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side, 109;
168. Washington correspondence, 17 March, New York Times, 18 March 1861.
169. Washington correspondence, 12, 22 March, Cincinnati Gazette, 13, 25 March 1861.
170. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 10 March, Cincinnati Commercial, 11 March 1861.
171. Washington correspondence by Kritick, 14 March, Cha rleston Courier, 18 March 1861;
172. Washington correspondence, 18 March, New York Herald, 19 March 1861;
173. Washington correspondence, 17 March, New York Evening Post, 18 March 1861.
174. "A Disappointed Office-seeker Discourseth to his Brothers", Washington, 20 March, New York Evening Post, 26 March 1861.
175. Washington correspondence, 15 March, New York Evening Post, 16 March 1861.
176. Washington correspondence, 13 March, New York Tribune, 14 March 1861.
177. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 14 March, Cincinnati Commercial, 15 March 1861.
178. Washington correspondence, 24 March, Philadelphia Press, 25 March 1861.
179. Stanton to James Buchanan, Washington, 3 April 1861, Buchanan Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.
180. Washington correspondence, 3 April, Cincinnati Enquirer, n. d.
181. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 5 April 1861.
182. "Physical Theory of the Presidency", New York Times, 4 April 1861.
183. Francis B. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House with Abraham Lincoln (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 276.
184. Schurz to his wife, Alton, 25 July 1860, in Frederic Bancroft, ed., Speeches, Correspondence and Political Papers of Carl Schurz (6 vols.; New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1913), 1:120.
185. Robert Wilson to William H. Herndon, Sterling, Illinois, 10 February 1866, in Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon's Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 206-7.
186. Washington correspondence, 31 March, New York Evening Post, 1 April 1861.
187. Adam Gurowski, Diary (3 vols.; Boston, 1862-66) 1:16-17 (section headed March 1861).
188. Marvin R. Cain, Lincoln's Attorney General: Edward Bates of Missouri (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1965), 130.
189. John Niven, Salmon P. Chase: A Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 239-42.
190. Erwin Stanley Bradley, Simon Cameron, Lincoln's Secretary of War: A Political Biography (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1966), 179-81.
191. Sarah A. Wallace and Frances E. Gillespie, eds., The Journal of Benjamin Moran, 1857-1865 (2 vols.; Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1949), 2:1092 (entry for 19 November 1862);
192. Charles Francis Adams diary, 1 May 1865, Adams Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.
193. Horace White, "Introduction", William H. Herndon and Jesse W. Weik, Abraham Lincoln: The True Story of a Great Life (2 vols.; New York: Appleton, 1909), 1: xxi-xxii.
194. Wallace and Gillespie, eds., Moran Journal, 2:909 (20 November 1861).
195. Harry J. Carman and Reinhard H. Luthin, Lincoln and the Patronage (New York: Columbia University Press, 1943), 336.
196. Carl Russell Fish, "Lincoln and the Patronage", American Historical Review 8(1902):54, 68;
197. Fish, Civil Service, 168-72;
198. Carman and Luthin, Lincoln and the Patronage, 335-36.
199. Allan Nevins, The War for the Union (4 vols.; New York: Scribner's, 1959-71), 1:79.
200. Edward A. Miller, Lincoln's Abolitionist General: The Biography of David Hunter (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1997), 54-57.
201. David L. Smiley, Lion of White Hall: The Life of Cassius M. Clay (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1962), 175-76.
202. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 8 (entry for 22 April 1861).
203. Miller, Lincoln's Abolitionist General, 55-57.
204. Kansas State Journal (Lawrence), 9 May 1861.
205. Washington Evening Star, 19 April 1861.
206. Ward Hill Lamon's reminiscences, Washington Evening Star, 24 May 1890.
207. Constance M. Green, Washington (2 vols.; Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1962-63), 1:241.
208. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 19 April 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 35.
209. Washington correspondence, 17 April, New York Times, 18 April 1861.
210. Washington Evening Star, 19 April 1861;
211. Benjamin Franklin Cooling, Symbol, Sword, and Shield: Defending Washington during the Civil War (2nd rev. ed.; Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane, 1991), 22-24.
212. Willis R. Copeland, The Logan Guards of Lewistown, Pennsylvania: Our First Defenders of 1861 (Lewistown: Mifflin County Historical Society, 1962), 23;
213. Oliver Christian Bosbyshell, "When and Where I Saw Lincoln", in John P. Nicholson, ed., Abraham Lincoln (Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, Commandery of the State of Pennsylvania, Memorial Meeting, 13 February 1907), 17-18.
214. Bosbyshell, "When and Where I Saw Lincoln", 17-18;
215. Heber S. Thompson, The First Defenders (n. p., 1910), 151.
216. Charles Branch Clark, "Baltimore and the Attack on the Sixth Massachusetts Regiment, 19 April 1861", Maryland Historical Magazine 56(1961):39-71;
217. Frank Towers, "'A Vociferous Army of Howling Wolves': Baltimore's Civil War Riot of 19 April 1861", Maryland Historical Magazine 23(1992):1-27.
218. New York Times, 25 April 1861;
219. Scott S. Sheads, Baltimore during the Civil War (Linthicum, Md.: Toomey Press, 1997), 153-54.
220. Philadelphia Press, 22 April, copied in the New York Times, 23 April 1861.
221. Telegrams from George W. Brown and Thomas H. Hicks to Lincoln, 18, 19 April 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
222. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 3 (entry for 19 April 1861).
223. Edward F. Jones to Daniel Butterfield, Binghamton, New York, 19 April 1901, in Julia Lorrilard Butterfield, A Biographical Memorial of General Daniel Butterfield (New York: Grafton Press, 1904), 29.
224. William Schouler, A History of Massachusetts in the Civil War (2 vols.; Boston: E. P. Dutton, 1868-71), 1:103-5.
225. Roy P. Basler et al., eds., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953-55), 4:340;
226. Nicolay, memorandum of events, 19 April 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860-1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 34-35;
227. Burlingame and Ettlinger, Inside Lincoln's White House, 5 (entry for 21 April 1861).
228. Nicolay, memora nda of events, 20, 21 April 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 36, 37.
229. Baltimore Exchange, n. d., copied in the Cincinnati Commercial, 30 April 1861.
230. Nicolay, memorandum of events, 21 April 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 38.
231. Washington correspondence by [George W.] S[imonton], 1 May, New Yor k Times, 4 May 1861;
232. George W. Brown, Baltimore and the Nineteenth of April 1861: A Study of the War (Baltimore: N. Murray, 1887), 71-74;
233. George M. Brown's statement, dated Baltimore, 7:30 P. M., 21 April, Washington National Intelligencer, 22 April 1861;
234. Nicolay, memorandum of events, 21 April 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 37.
235. Washington correspondence, 28 April, New York Times, 1 May 1861.
236. Mark Howard to Gideon Welles, Hartford, 25 April 1861, Welles Papers, Library of Congress;
237. E. Seeley to Welles, New York, 25 April 1861, Welles Papers;
238. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 26 April, Boston Evening Journal, 2 May 1861;
239. Philadelphia correspondence, 23 April, New York Tribune, 24 April 1861.
240. William Faxon to Mark Howard, Washington, 12 May [1862], Mark Howard Papers, Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford.
241. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House, 8 (entry for 23 April 1861).
242. Andrew H. Reeder to Simon Cameron, Philadelphia, 24 April 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
243. W. B. Smith to Chase, [Geneva,] 20 May 1861, Chase Papers, Library of Congress.
244. "The Administration's View of the War", New York Tribune, 25 April 1861;
245. "A Startling Report", "Clear the Track!" and "The Government and the People", New York Times, 24, 26, 27 April 1861;
246. "To Be Impeached", New York Daily News, 25 April 1861;
247. "The New York Times and the Administration", New York World, 10 May 1861.
248. Washington correspondence, 1 May, New York Tribune, 2 May 1861.
249. Lincoln's endorsement on New York Times articles, 25 April 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
250. Washington correspondence by "Van" [D. W. Bartlett], 18 September, Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 21 September 1861.
251. New York Times, 25 April 1861.
252. Fuller to Chase, Baltimore, 23 April 1861, Chase Papers, Library of Congress. Fuller owned a large plantation in South Carolina.
253. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House, 5, 6 (entries for 21, 22 April 1861).
254. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, 4:341-42
255. Washington correspondence, 24 April, New York Times, 27 April 1861;
256. and William Cullen Bryant's dispatch dated New York, 24 April, New York Evening Post, 24 April 1861.
257. Washington correspondence, n. d., Philadelphia Gazette, n. d.
258. Chicago Tribune, 28 September 1861.
259. John Pendleton Kennedy journal, 21 April 1861, Kennedy Papers, Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore.
260. Washington correspondence by G. W. A., 29 April, Cincinnati Gazette, 3 May 1861.
261. Erastus Hopkins to Chase, Northampton, Massachusetts, 25 April 1861;
262. Milton Sutliff to Chase, Cincinnati, 28 April 1861;
263. S. Lester Taylor to Chase, Covington, Kentucky, 30 April 1861;
264. Roswell Marsh to Chase, Steubenville, 4 May 1861, Chase Papers, Library of Congress.
265. Granville Moody to Chase, Cincinnati, 30 April 1861, Chase Papers, Library of Congress.
266. Andrew H. Reeder to Simon Cameron, Philadelphia, 24 April 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
267. Washington correspondence, 22 April, New York Tribune, 26 April 1861.
268. New York correspondence by A[lbert] D. R[ichardson], 24 April, New York Tribune, 25 April 1861.
269. New York Tribune, 2 May 1861.
270. Chase to Lincoln, Washington, 25 April 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
271. Reverdy Johnson to Lincoln, Washington, 23 April 1861, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress;
272. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, 4:342-43.
273. Reverdy Johnson to Chase, n. p., 8 May 1861, Chase Papers, Library of Congress.
274. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, 5:24.
275. Nevins, War for the Union, 1:107-11;
276. A. Howard Meneely, The War Department, 1861: A Study in Mobilization and Administration (New York: Columbia University Press, 1928), 106.
277. Allan B. Magruder, Philadelphia Weekly Times, 28 December 1878;
278. Samuel D. Sturgis to the editor of the Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, 12 June 1870
279. draft, Sturgis Papers, in Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1996), 431-32;
280. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House, 5 (entry for 21 April 1861);
281. Magruder to an unidentified resident of Philadelphia, Galveston, 8 May 1870
282. Philadelphia Evening Telegraph, n. d.
283. copied in the New York Times, 23 May 1870.
284. Francis P. Blair Sr. to William Cullen Bryant, 5 August 1866, draft, Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress.
285. Lincoln, 4 July 1861 message to Congress, first draft, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress. Actually, twenty-six enlisted men resigned to join the Confederacy.
286. Meneely, War Department, 106.
287. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House, 11 (entry for 24 April 1861).
288. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 26 April 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 39-40.
289. Philadelphia correspondence, 23 April, New York Tribune, 24 April 1861;
290. Washington correspondence by "Occasional" (John W. Forney), 21 April, Philadelphia Press, 24 April 1861;
291. Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 21 April, Boston Journal, 25 April 1861.
292. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House, 8 (entry for 22 April 1861);
293. Washington correspondence, 22 April, Baltimore Sun, 23 April 1861.
294. Washington correspondence, 28 April, New York Times, 1 May 1861;
295. Washington correspondence, 25 April, New York Tribune, 26 April 1861;
296. Washington correspondence, 25 April, New York World, 30 April 1861;
297. Washington correspondence, 1 May, Cincinnati Commercial, 2 May 1861;
298. Washington correspondence, 15 May, Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 17 May 1861.
299. Washington correspondence by Special, 31 May, Cincinnati Commercial, 1 June 1861.
300. Don E. Fehrenbacher, "Lincoln's Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days", Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 9(1987):15.
301. David W. Miller, Second Only to Grant: Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs: A Biography (Shippensburg, Pa.: White Mane Books, 2000), 102.
302. McDowell's testimony, Committee on Conduct of the War, Reports (8 vols.; Washington, 1863-66), 2:38.
303. Meigs diary, 25 June 1861, copy, Nicolay Papers, Library of Congress.
304. McDowell's testimony, Committee on Conduct of the War, Reports, 2:36-38.
305. Meigs diary, 29 June 1861.
306. J. H. Stine, A History of the Army of the Potomac (Philadelphia: J. B. Rodgers, 1892), 7-10;
307. E. D. Townsend, Anecdotes of the Civil War in the United States (New York: D. Appleton, 1884), 57;
308. Charles Winslow Elliott, Winfield Scott: The Soldier and the Man (New York: Macmillan, 1937), 727-28;
309. McDowell's testimony, Committee on Conduct of the War, Reports 2:35-38;
310. Gen. Charles W. Sanford's testimony, Committee on Conduct of the War, Reports, 2:55, 62.
311. Colin R. Ballard, The Military Genius of Abraham Lincoln: An Essay (London: Oxford University Press, 1926), 56-59.
312. Russell H. Beatie, Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, November 1860-September 1861 (New York: Da Capo, 2002), 326.
313. Washington correspondence, 20 July, New York Tribune, 21 July 1861.
314. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 21 July 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 51.
315. R. W. Bush to Joseph Holt, Louisville, 13 November 1861, Holt Papers, Library of Congress;
316. Joshua Speed to Holt, Washington, 8 December 1861, Holt Papers.
317. Cameron interviewed by Nicolay, Washington, 20 February 1875, in Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay's Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 44.
318. Nevins, War for the Union, 1:408-9.
319. McCormick v. Talcott et al. (1854-55), in Martha L. Benner, Cullom Davis et al., eds., The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln (DVD, University of Illinois Press, 2000), case file no. 02341;
320. Harry Goldsmith, "Abraham Lincoln, Inventions and Patents", Journal of the Patent Of fice Society 20(January 1938):5-33;
321. Emerson Hinchliff, "Lincoln and the 'Reaper Case,'" Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 33(September 1940):361-65;
322. "The Manny Reaper: Some Background Information on the Case of McCormick v. Manny, 1855", Lincoln Lore (June 1964): 1-4;
323. Robert Henry Parkinson, "The Patent Case That Lifted Lincoln into a Presidential Candidate", Abraham Lincoln Quarterly 4(September 1946):105-22.
324. Letter by Mary Manny Tinker, Rockford, Illinois, 21 [sic] July 1896, Rockford Register-Gazette, 20 July 1896.
325. Farm Implement News (Chicago), December 1890, reprinted in the issue of 23 July 1896, 18.
326. Parkinson, "Patent Case", 113-15.
327. George Alfred Townsend, "They Snubbed Lincoln", Cincinnati Enquirer, n.d. [1884]
328. Parkinson, "Patent Case", 115-16.
329. William M. Dickson to Jesse W. Weik, Cincinnati, 17 April 1888, in Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon's Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 655.
330. Harding in Parkinson, "Patent Case", 116.
331. Ralph Emerson to the editor of McClure's Magazine, Chicago, 15 May 1896, Ida M. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.
332. Letter by Mary Manny Tinker, Rockford, Illinois, 21 [sic] July 1896
333. Rockford Register-Gazette, 20 July 1896.
334. John J. Duff, A. Lincoln, Prairie Lawyer (New York: Rinehart, 1960), 323;
335. Donn Piatt in Benjamin P. Thomas and Harold M. Hyman, Stanton: The Life and Times of Lincoln's Secretary of War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1962), 66.
336. William B. H. Dowse to Albert J. Beveridge, Boston, 16 October 1925, Beveridge Papers, Library of Congress. From 1878 to 1890, Dowse worked in Harding's New York office.
337. Cowen, Abraham Lincoln: An Appreciation by One Who Knew Him (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke, 1909), 10-12.
338. W. M. Dickson, "Abraham Lincoln at Cincinnati", Harper's New Monthly Magazine 69(June 1884):62.
339. Dowse to Albert J. Beveridge, Boston, 10 October 1925, Beveridge Papers, Library of Congress.
340. Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, 136;
341. Dawes, "Recollections of Stanton under Lincoln", Atlantic Monthly, April 1894, 163;
342. Dawes, "Some Sayings of Mr. Lincoln", undated typescript, Dawes Papers, Library of Congress.
343. Washington correspondence, n. d., Philadelphia Inquirer, n. d.
344. copied in the Boston Evening Journal, 22 January 1862.
345. Peter Cozzens and Robert I. Girardi, eds., The Military Memoirs of General John Pope (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 115.
346. Glyndon G. Van Deusen, William Henry Seward (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), 324.
347. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong (4 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1952), 2:203 (entry for 29 January 1862).
348. Washington correspondence by "Van" [D. W. Ba rtlett], 15 January, Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 18 January 1862.
349. New York Herald, 15 January 1862.
350. Holt to Lincoln, St. Louis, 15 January 1862, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
351. Edwards Pierrepont to Lincoln, New York, 19 January 1862, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
352. Fernando Wood to Lincoln, New York, 15 January 1862, Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress.
353. Portland Oregonian, 20 May 1862.
354. Washington correspondence, 19 January, Philadelphia Inquirer, 20 January 1862.
355. Washington correspondence by James Brooks, 16 January, New York Evening Express, 17 January 1862.
356. New York Tribune, 21 January 1862.
357. Stanton to Dana, Washington, 24 January 1862, Dana Papers, Library of Congress.
358. Bernard A. Weisberger, Reporters for the Union (Boston: Little, Brown, 1953), 222-23.
359. Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln's Journalist: John Hay's Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860-1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 196-97.
360. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 1:56, 59.
361. Marvin R. Cain, Lincoln's Attorney General: Edward Bates of Missouri (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1965), 172;
362. Beale and Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, 1:57.
363. McClellan, McClellan's Own Story: The War for the Union (New York: C. L. Webster, 1887), 152.
364. John Niven, Gideon Welles: Lincoln's Secretary of the Navy (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 397;
365. Thomas and Hyman, Stanton, 128-30.
366. Joshua F. Speed to Joseph Holt, Washington, 4 February 1862, Holt Papers, Library of Congress.
367. Washington correspondence, 27 January, Philadelphia Inquirer, 28 January 1862.
368. Carpenter, Six Months at the White House, 245-46.
369. Cozzens and Girardi, eds., Military Memoirs of Pope, 115.
370. Hay to Stanton, Paris, 26 July 1865, in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln's Side: John Hay's Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 106.
371. Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 182;
372. Stephen W. Sears, Controversies and Commanders: Dispatches from the Army of the Potomac (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999), 13-14.
373. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 32 (entry for 13 November 1861).
374. William H. Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston: T. O. H. P. Burnham, 1863), 552 (entry for 9 October 1861).
375. Comte de Paris diary, 28 September 1861, in Russell H. Beatie, Army of the Potomac: Birth of Command, November 1860-September 1861 (New York: Da Capo, 2002), 1:488-89.
376. John M. Wilson, then a lieutenant on McClellan's staff, in the Brooklyn Eagle, 12 February 1913.
377. David Dixon Porter, "Journal of Occurrences during the War of the Rebellion", 1:173-74, Porter Papers, Library of Congress.
378. Memorandum by C. C. Buel, New York, 23 November 1885 (recalling the words uttered the previous evening by Horace Porter), Richard Watson Gilder Papers, New York Public Library.
379. F. A. Mitchell to John Hay, East Orange, New Jersey, 3 January 1889, Nicolay-Hay Papers, Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield.
380. William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln's Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 63.
381. Mark De Wolf Howe, The Life and Letters of George Bancroft (2 vols.; New York: C. Scribner's Sons, 1908), 2:246-47.
382. Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988), 59.
383. Stephen W. Sears, ed., The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860-1865 (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989), 323.
384. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925-33), 1:559 (entry for 14 July 1862).
385. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 62 (entry for 14 July 1863).
386. Washington correspondence, 3 November, New York Tribune, 9 November 1862.
387. Lincoln said this to Ozias M. Hatch. Hatch interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Springfield, June 1875, in Michael Burlingame, ed., An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay's Interviews and Essays (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 16.
388. T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington, 23 September 1862, Barlow Papers, Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
389. William M. Dickson "A Leaf from the Unwritten History of the Rebellion", draft, Dickson Papers, University of Michigan. Key made a similar statement to Nathaniel Paige of the New York Tribune. New York Tribune, n. d.
390. McClellan to Mary Ellen McClellan, Sharpsburg, Maryland, 5 October 1862, in Stephen W. Sears, ed., The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860-1865 (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989), 490.
391. Washington correspondence by "Van" [D. W. Bartlett], 7 October, Springfield (Mass.) Republican, 11 October 1862.
392. Lincoln told this to David Davis. David Davis to Leonard Swett, Washington, 26 November 1862, David Davis Papers, Lincoln Presidential Library.
393. Spirit of the Times (New York), n. d.
394. copied in the Cincinnati Commercial, 24 October 1862.
395. Washington correspondence by "Van" [D. W. Bartlett], 21 October, Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 25 October 1862.
396. McClellan to Mary Ellen McClellan, Sharpsburg, Maryland, 2 October 1862, in Sears, ed., Civil War Papers of McClellan, 488.
397. Hatch interviewed by John G. Nicolay, Springfield, June 1875, in Burlingame, ed., Oral History of Lincoln, 16.
398. Sharpsburg correspondence, 3 October, New York Times, 12 October 1862;
399. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925-33), 1:594-95 (entry for 12 December 1862).
400. Du Pont to his wife, Washington, 16 October 1862, and at sea aboard the Keystone, 10, 21 October 1862;
401. and to Henry Winter Davis, 25 October 1862, all in John D. Hayes, ed., Samuel Francis Du Pont: A Selection from His Civil War Letters (3 vols.; Ithaca, N. Y.: Published for the Eleutherian Mills Historical Library by the Cornell University Press, 1969), 2:245-47, 251-53.
402. Benjamin Brown French, Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee's Journal, 1828-1870, ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, N. H.: University Press of New England, 1989), 405 (entry for 3 August 1862).
403. Washington correspondence by "Van" [D. W. Bartlett], 17 December, Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 19 December 1862.
404. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies (127 vols.; Washington: Government Printing Office, 1880-1900), series 1, vol. 19, part 1, p. 72.
405. Halleck to McClellan, Washington, 14 October 1862, War of the Rebellion, series 1, vol. 19, part 2, p. 421.
406. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 25 October 1862, in Roy P. Basler et al., eds., The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1953-55), 5:474.
407. Sears, ed., Civil War Pape r s of McCl ellan, 334.
408. Meigs to Stanton, Washington, 14 October 1862, Alexander Stewart Webb Papers, Yale University.
409. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 27 October 1862, Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, 5:479.
410. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 13 October 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 89.
411. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 26 October 1862, Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, 5:477.
412. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Lincoln, 5:460-61
413. War of the Rebellion, series 1, vol. 19, part 1, p. 81.
414. Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 90.
415. McClellan to Mary Ellen McClellan, Berlin, ca. 29 October 1862, Sears, ed., Civil War Papers of McClellan, 515.
416. Adams S. Hill reporting what Lincoln told General James S. Wadsworth, in Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, 13 October 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University, in Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher, eds., Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1996), 458.
417. Washington correspondence, 3 November, New York Tribune, 9 November 1862.
418. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 9 November 1862, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 90-91.
419. Joseph L. Maguire to N. P. Banks, New York, 11 November 1862, Banks Papers, Library of Congress.
420. Francis P. Blair Sr. to Francis P. Blair Jr., 7 November 1862;
421. Francis P. Blair Sr. to Montgomery Blair, 2 March 1863, Blair Family Papers, Library of Congress.
422. J. G. Barnard to [John Sherman], Washington, 6 January 1863 [misdated 1862], John Sherman Papers, Library of Congress.
423. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:589-90 (entry for 29 November 1862).
424. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 232 (entry for 25 September 1864).
425. Sears, Young Napoleon, 339.
426. Harpers Weekly, 27 December 1862.
427. Benjamin Brown French, Witness to the Young Republic: A Yankee's Journal, 1828-1870, ed. Donald B. Cole and John J. McDonough (Hanover, N. H.: University Press of New England, 1989), 415 (entry for 21 December 1862).
428. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong (4 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1952), 3:281-82 (entry for 18 December 1862).
429. Charles Eliot Norton to George William Curtis, Shady Hill, 12 November 1862, Letters of Charles Eliot Norton, ed. Sara Norton and M. A. De Wolfe Howe (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1913), 1:258.
430. James [Hill?] to Edward McPherson, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 19 December 1862;
431. [R. G. McCreary?] to Edward McPherson, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 17 December 1862, Edward McPherson Papers, Library of Congress.
432. Brownson to Sumner, 26 December 1862, in David Donald, Charles Sumner and the Rights of Man (New York: Knopf, 1970), 89.
433. Jay to Sumner, 18 December 1862, in Donald, Charles Sumner, 89.
434. George F. Williams to Sumner, 17 December 1862, in Donald, Charles Sumner, 89.
435. Allen Thorndike Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, by Distinguished Men of His Time (New York: North American, 1886), 276.
436. Chandler to his wife, Washington, 18 December 1862, Chandler Papers, Library of Congress;
437. Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, Detroit, 10 September 1862, Lyman Trumbull Papers, Library of Congress.
438. James Alexander Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton; or, Men and Events, at Home and Abroad, during Three Quarters of a Century (New York: C. Scribner & Co., 1869), 529-30.
439. tThaddeus Stevens to Simon Stevens, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 19 November 1862, in Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (2 vols.; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997-98), 1:328.
440. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925-33), 1:597-99 (entries for 16 and 17 December 1862);
441. Francis Fessenden, Life and Public Services of William Pitt Fessenden (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1907), 1:232-38.
442. David Herbert Donald, "We Are Lincoln Men": Abraham Lincoln and His Friends (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 140-176;
443. Glyndon G. Van Deusen, William Henry Seward (New York: Oxford University Press, 1967), 335-48.
444. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 1:203, 205.
445. Frank Blair to his father, n. d., Blair-Lee Papers, Princeton University.
446. John Niven, Salmon P. Chase: A Biography (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 310;
447. Chase to Zachariah Chandler, Washington, 20 September 1862, The Salmon P. Chase Papers, ed. John Niven et al. (5 vols.; Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993-98), 2:275-76.
448. Chase to John Sherman, Washington, 20 September 1862, ibid., 2:277-78.
449. Washington correspondence by Agate [Whitelaw Reid], 20 December, Cincinnati Gazette, 23 December 1862.
450. Pease and Randall, eds., Diary of Orville Hickman Browning, 1:602 (entry for 19 December 1862).
451. Hans L. Trefousse, First among Equals: Abraham Lincoln's Reputation during His Administration (New York: Fordham University Press, 2005).
452. Count S. Stakelberg, "Tolstoi Holds Lincoln World's Greatest Hero", New York World, 7 February 1909.