Financing higher education: Answers from the UK

Financing Higher Education: Answers from the UK

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 1-314

  Barr, Nicholas ^a   Crawford, Iain ^a  

^a LONDON SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84906176683     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203321515     Document Type: Book

References (266)

1. Barr, Nicholas (1987), The Economics of the Welfare State, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, and Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
2. Barr, Nicholas (ed.) (2001), Economic Theory and the Welfare State, Vol. I: Theory, Vol. II: Income Transfers, and Vol. III: Benefits in Kind, Edward Elgar Library in Critical Writings in Economics, Cheltenham and Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.
3. Barr, Nicholas and Low, William (1988), Student Grants and Student Poverty, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/28, London: London School of Economics.
4. Blaug, Mark (1970), An Introduction to the Economics of Education, London: Penguin.
5. Friedman, Milton (1955), 'The Role of Government in Education', in Solo, A (ed.), Economics and the Public Interest, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, pp. 123-44.
6. Friedman, Milton (1962), Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Ch. 6, pp. 85-107, reprinted in Barr (2001, Vol. III, pp. 547-69).
7. Glennerster, Howard, Merrett, Stephen and Wilson, Gail (1968), 'A Graduate Tax', Higher Education Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26-38, reprinted in Barr (2001, Vol. III, pp. 570-82), and in Higher Education Review, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Spring), pp. 25-40.
8. Peacock, Alan and Wiseman, Jack (1962), 'The Economics of Higher Education', Higher Education: Evidence - Part Two: Documentary Evidence, Cmnd 2154-XII, pp. 129-38. London: HMSO, 1963.
9. Prest, Alan (1962), 'The Finance of University Education in Great Britain', Higher Education: Evidence - Part Two: Documentary Evidence, Cmnd 2154-XII, pp. 139-52. London: HMSO, 1963.
10. Robbins, Lionel C. (1980), Higher Education Revisited, London: Macmillan.
11. UK Committee on Higher Education (1963), Higher Education (The Robbins Report), Cmnd 2154, London: HMSO.
12. UK Department of Education and Science (1987), Higher Education: Meeting the Challenge, Cmnd 114, London: HMSO.
13. Barnes, John and Barr, Nicholas (1988), Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics and Political Science.
14. Barr, Nicholas (1987), The Economics of the Welfare State, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, and Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
15. Barr, Nicholas (1989), Student Loans: The Next Steps, Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics and Political Science.
16. Barr, Nicholas (1990), 'MacGregor's Loan Doubts Are Old Hat', Guardian, 30 January, p. 23.
17. Barr, Nicholas (1997a), 'Student Loans: Towards a New Public/Private Mix', Public Money and Management, July-September 1997, Vol. 17, No. 3, pp. 31-40.
18. Barr, Nicholas (1997b), 'Student Loans in New Zealand', in Third Report: The Dearing Report: Some Funding Issues, Vol. II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, Session 1997-8, HC241-II, London: TSO, pp. 119-21.
19. Barr, Nicholas (2001a), The Welfare State as Piggy Bank: Information, Risk, Uncertainty and the Role of the State, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
20. Barr, Nicholas (ed.) (2001b), Economic Theory and the Welfare State, Vol. I: Theory, Vol. II: Income Transfers, and Vol. III: Benefits in Kind, Edward Elgar Library in Critical Writings in Economics, Cheltenham and Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.
21. Barr, Nicholas (2003), 'Financing Higher Education in the UK: The 2003 White Paper', House of Commons Education and Skills Committee, The Future of Higher Education, Fifth Report of Session 2002-03, Volume II, Oral and Written Evidence, HC 425-II, (TSO, 2003), pp. Ev 292-309. Available at: http://econ.lse.ac.uk/staff/nb.
22. Barr, Nicholas (2004), The Economics of the Welfare State (4th edn), Oxford: Oxford University Press, and Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
23. Barr, Nicholas and Crawford, Iain (1997), 'The Dearing Report, the Government's Response and a View Ahead', in Third Report: The Dearing Report: Some Funding Issues, Vol. II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, Session 1997-8, HC241-II, London:TSO, pp. 88-103.
24. Barr, Nicholas and Crawford, Iain (2004), 'Why Nobody Need Lose in this System' Guardian Jobs and Money, 22 January 2004, pp. 8-9.
25. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1993), Paying for Learning, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/94, London: London School of Economics.
26. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1996), Repayment Rates for Student Loans: Some Sensitivity Tests, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/127, London:London School of Economics.
27. Commonwealth of Australia (1997), Learning for Life: Review of Higher Education Financing and Policy: A Policy Discussion Paper, Canberra: AGPS.
28. Commonwealth of Australia (1998), Learning for Life: Review of Higher Education Financing and Policy: Final Report, Canberra: AGPS.
29. Crawford, Iain and MacLeod, Donald (2002), 'Learn Now, Pay Later...', Education Guardian, 19 November.
30. Education and Skills Committee (2002), Post-16 Student Support, Sixth Report of Session 2001-2, HC445, London: TSO. Available at http://www.parliament.uk.
31. Education and Skills Committee (2003), The Future of Higher Education, Fifth Report of Session 2002-3, HC425-I, London: TSO. Available at http://www.parliament.uk.
32. Friedman, Milton (1955), 'The Role of Government in Education', in Solo, A. (ed.), Economics and the Public Interest, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, pp. 123-44.
33. Glennerster, Howard, Merrett, Stephen and Wilson, Gail (1968), 'A Graduate Tax', Higher Education Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26-38, reprinted in Barr (2001b, Vol. III, pp. 570-82), and in Higher Education Review, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Spring), pp. 25-40.
34. Le Grand, Julian (1989), 'Markets, Welfare and Equality', in Le Grand, Julian and Estrin, Saul (eds), Market Socialism, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
35. New Zealand Ministry of Education (1998), Tertiary Education in New Zealand: Policy Directions for the 21st Century, White Paper (Nov.), Wellington: Ministry of Education.
36. Peacock, Alan and Wiseman, Jack (1962), 'The Economics of Higher Education', Higher Education: Evidence - Part Two: Documentary Evidence, Cmnd 2154-XII, pp. 129-38. London: HMSO, 1963.
37. Prest, Alan (1962), 'The Finance of University Education in Great Britain', Higher Education: Evidence - Part Two: Documentary Evidence, Cmnd 2154-XII, pp. 139-59. London: HMSO, 1963.
38. UK Department of Education and Science (1987), Higher Education: Meeting the Challenge, Cmnd 114, London: HMSO.
39. UK Department of Education and Science (1988), Top-Up Loans for Students, Cm 520, London: HMSO.
40. UK Department for Education and Skills (2003), The Future of Higher Education, Cm 5735, London: TSO. Available at: http://www.dfes.gov.uk/highereducation/hestrategy/.
41. UK National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997a) (the Dearing Committee), Higher Education in the Learning Society: Summary Report, London: HMSO.
42. UK National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (1997b) (the Dearing Committee), Higher Education in the Learning Society: Report of the National Committee, London: HMSO.
43. Barr, Nicholas (ed.) Economic Theory and the Welfare State, Vol. I: Theory, Vol. II: Income Transfers, and Vol. III: Benefits in Kind, Edward Elgar Library in Critical Writings in Economics, Cheltenham and Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.
44. Farmer, M. and Barrell, R. (1982), 'Why Student Loans Are Fairer Than Grants', Public Money, Vol. 2, No. 1 (June), pp. 19-24.
45. Glennerster, Howard and Le Grand, Julian (1984), 'Financing Students', New Society, 13 December, pp. 421-2.
46. Glennerster, Howard, Merrett, Stephen and Wilson, Gail (1968), 'A Graduate Tax', Higher Education Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26-38, reprinted in Barr (2001: Vol. III, pp. 570-82), and in Higher Education Review, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Spring), pp. 25-40.
47. Nerlove, Mark (1972), 'On Tuition and the Costs of Higher Education: Prolegomena to a Conceptual Framework', Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 80, No. 3, Part 2 (May/June), pp. 1178-218.
48. Nerlove, Mark (1975), 'Some Problems in the Use of Income-Contingent Loans for the Finance of Higher Education', Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 83, No. 1 (February), pp. 157-83.
49. OECD (1980), Goals for Educational Policy in Sweden, Paris: OECD.
50. OECD (1981), Educational Reforms in Sweden, Paris: OECD.
51. Barr, Nicholas (1977), 'PAYE Codes in 1977-8', British Tax Review, No. 6, pp. 321-4.
52. Buiter, W.H. (1985), 'A Guide to Public Sector Debt and Deficits', Economic Policy, November.
53. UK (1988), Top-Up Loans for Students, Cm 520, London: HMSO.
54. A.J.L. Barnes and N.A. Barr (1988), Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper. Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
55. N.A. Barr (1987), The Economics of the Welfare State, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, and Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
56. N.A. Barr (1989), Student Loans: The Next Steps, Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
57. N.A. Barr and W. Low (1988), Student Grants and Student Poverty, London School of Economics, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper No. 28.
58. J.W.P. Cornish and R.E. Windle (1988), Undergraduate Income and Expenditure Survey, 1986/7, Research Services Limited, London.
59. CVCP (1989), The Response of the Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals to the Government's White Paper 'Top-Up Loans for Students', CVCP, London.
60. M. Farmer and R. Barrell (1982), 'Why student loans are fairer than grants', Public Money, 2:1, June, pp. 19-24.
61. R.E. Goodin and J. Le Grand (1987), Not Only the Poor: The Middle Classes and the Welfare State, Allen & Unwin, London.
62. L.C. Robbins (1980), Higher Education Revisited, Macmillan, Basingstoke.
63. M. Sherlock (1988), 'Baker's Loans', The Guardian, 15.11.88.
64. UK (1988), Top-Up Loans for Students, Cm 520, HMSO, Londons.
65. Akerlof, George (1970). 'The Market for "Lemons": Qualitative Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 840 (August): 488-50.
66. Ashby, Eric (1963). 'A Landmark in Social History', Observer, 27 October.
67. Australia (1988), Report of the Committee on Higher Education Funding (the Wran Report), Canberra.
68. Barnes, John and Barr, Nicholas (1988). Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper, Aberdeen University Press, for the David Hume Institute, Edinburgh, and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
69. Barr, Nicholas (1987). The Economics of the Welfare State, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, and Stanford. Calif.: Stanford University Press.
70. Barr, Nicholas (1989a). Student Loans: The Next Steps, Aberdeen University Press, for the David Hume Institute, Edinburgh, and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
71. Barr, Nicholas (1989b). 'Baker's Proposal: a Better Class of Drain', Independent, 22 June: 21 [this volume, p. 75].
72. Barr, Nicholas and Low, William (1988), Student Grants and Student Poverty, London School of Economics, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper no. 28, London: London School of Economics.
73. Blaug, M. (1966). 'Loans for Students', New Society, 6 October: 538-9.
74. Blaug, M. (1970). An Introduction to the Economics of Education, London: Penguin.
75. Blaug, M. (1976). 'The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: a Slightly Jaundiced Survey', Journal of Economic Literature, September: 827-56; reprinted in Blaug (1987):100-28.
76. Blaug, M. (1980). 'Student Loans and the NUS'. Economic Affairs, October: 45-6.
77. Blaug, M. (1982). 'The Distributional Effects of Higher Education Subsidies', Economics of Education Review, 2 (3): 209-31; reprinted in Blaug (1987): 204-26.
78. Blaug, M. (1985). 'Where Are We Now in the Economics of Education?', Economics of Education Review, 4 (1) 17-28: reprinted in Blaug (1987): 129-40.
79. Blaug, M. (1987). The Economics of Education and the Education of an Economist. Aldershot:Edward Elgar.
80. Bosworth, Barry, Carron, Andrew and Rhyne, Elizabeth (1987). The Economics of Federal Credit Programs, Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institution.
81. Chapman, Bruce (1988). 'An Economic Analysis of the Higher Education Contribution Scheme of the Wran Report', Economic Analysts and Policy, 18 (2): 171-88.
82. Chapman, Bruce and Chia, Tai-Tee (1989). 'Financing Higher Education: Private Rates of Return and Externalities in the Context of the Tertiary Tax', Australian National University, Centre for Economic Policy Research. Discussion Paper no. 213.
83. Department of Education and Science (1988). Top-Up Loans for Students, CM520, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
84. Department of Education and Science (1989). Shifting the Balance of Public Funding of Higher Education to Fees: A Consultation Paper, London: Department of Education and Science.
85. Friedman, Milton (1962). Capitalism and Freedom, Chicago. Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
86. Glennerster, Howard, Merrett, Stephen and Wilson, Gail (1968). 'A Graduate Tax', Higher Education Review, 1, (1).
87. Hope, Julie and Miller, Paul (1988). 'Financing Tertiary Education: an Examination of the Issues', Australian Economic Review, 4: 37-57.
88. Johnstone, Bruce (1986). Sharing the Costs of Higher Education: Student Financial Assistance in the United Kingdom, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Sweden and the United States, New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
89. Le Grand, Julian and Robinson, Ray (1984). The Economics of Social Problems, 2nd edn, London: Macmillan.
90. Maynard, Alan (1975). Experiment with Choice in Education, London: Institute for Economic Affairs.
91. Morris, Martin (1989). 'Student Aid in Sweden: Recent Experience and Reforms' in Financial Support for Students: Grants, Loans or Graduate Tax?, ed. Maureen Woodhall, London: Kogan Page.
92. New Zealand (1989). Learning for Life: 2. Education and Training beyond the Age of Fifteen, Wellington: Department of Education.
93. Peacock, A. T. and Wiseman, J. (1962). 'The Economics of Higher Education', in Higher Education: Evidence - Part Two: Documentary Evidence, Cmnd 2154-xii, London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office: 129-38.
94. Prest, Alan (1962). 'The Finance of University Education in Great Britain', in Higher Education: Evidence - Part Two: Documentary Evidence, Cmnd 2154-xii. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office: 139-52.
95. Reischauer, Robert (1989). 'HELP: A Student Loan Program for the Twenty-First Century', in Radical Reform or incremental Change? Student Loan Policies for the Federal Government, ed. Lawrence E. Gladieux, New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
96. Report of the Universities' Review Committee (1987). New Zealand's Universities:Partners in National Development (The Watts Report), Wellington: New Zealand Vice Chancellors' Committee.
97. Report of the Working Group on Postcompulsory Education and Training in New Zealand (1988) (the Hawke Report), Wellington.
98. Robbins, Lionel (1980). Higher Education Revisited, London: Macmillan.
99. Robbins Report (1963). Higher Education: Report of the Committee under the Chairmanship of Lord Robbins, Cmnd 2154, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
100. Spence, Michael (1973). 'Job Market Signalling', Quarterly Journal of Economics, 87, (August): 355-74.
101. UK (1960). Grants to Students (the Anderson Report), Report to the Committee Appointed by the Minister of Education and the Secretary of State for Scotland, Cmnd 1051, London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
102. USA (1988). Budget of the United States Government: Fiscal Year 1988, Appendix, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office.
103. Varian, Hal (1984). Microeconomic Analysis (2nd edn), New York: Norton.
104. Williams, Gareth and Gordon, Adrian (1981). 'Perceived Earnings Functions and Ex Ante Rates of Return to Post-Compulsory Education in England', Higher Education, 10. (2): 199-227.
105. Woodhall, Maureen (1982). Student Loans: Lessons from International Experience, London:Policy Studies Institute.
106. AGPS, Australia (1988). Report of the Committee on Higher Education Funding (the Wran Report). Canberra: AGPS.
107. Ahamad, Bashir (1973). 'Teachers in England and Wales.' In The Practice of Manpower Forecasting: A Collection of Case Studies (eds B. Ahamad and M. Blaug), pp. 261-84. London: Elsevier.
108. Akerlof, George (1970). 'The market for "Lemons": qualitative uncertainty and the market mechanism.' Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 840, pp. 488-500.
109. Albrecht, Douglas and Ziderman, Adrian (1992). 'Student loans and their alternatives:improving the performance of deferred payment programmes.' Higher Education, vol. 23, No. 4.
110. Barden, Laing, Barr, Nicholas and Higginson, Gordon (1992). An Analysis of Student Loan Options. CVCP/CDP Occasional Paper, London: Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals and Committee of Directors of Polytechnics.
111. Barnes, John and Barr, Nicholas (1988). Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper. Aberdeen University Press.
112. Barr, Nicholas (1989). Student Loans: The Next Steps. Aberdeen University Press.
113. Barr, Nicholas (1991). 'Income-contingent student loans: an idea whose time has come.' In Economics, Culture and Education. Essays in Honour of Mark Blaug (ed. G. K. Shaw). Aldershot, Hants: Edward Elgar [this volume, Ch. 6].
114. Bennett, Robert, Glennerster, Howard and Nevinson, Douglas (1992). 'Investing in skill: to stay on or not to stay on?' Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 8, pp. 130-45.
115. Blaug, Mark (1976). 'The empirical status of human capital theory: a slightly jaundiced survey.' Journal of Economic Literature, September, pp. 827-56, reprinted in Blaug (1987, pp. 100-28).
116. Blaug, Mark (1985). 'Where are we now in the economics of education?' Economics of Education Review, vol. 4, pp. 17-28, reprinted in Blaug (1987, pp. 129-40).
117. Blaug, Mark (1987) The Economics of Education and the Education of an Economist. Aldershot, Hants: Edward Elgar.
118. Bosworth, Barry, Carron, Andrew and Rhyne, Elisabeth (1987). The Economics of Federal Credit Programs. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution.
119. Cave, Martin, Dodsworth, Ruth and Thompson, David (1992). 'Regulatory reform in higher education in the UK: incentives for efficiency and product quality.' Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 8, pp. 79-102.
120. Cave, Martin and Weale, Martin (1992). 'The assessment: higher education: the state of play.' Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 8, pp. 1-18.
121. Chapman, Bruce (1992). Austudy: Towards a More Flexible Approach. Canberra: AGPS.
122. Friedman, Milton (1962). Capitalism and Freedom. University of Chicago Press.
123. Gannicott, Kenneth and Blaug, Mark (1973). 'Scientists and engineers in Britain.' In The Practice of Manpower Forecasting: A Collection of Case Studies (eds B. Ahamad and M. Blaug), pp. 240-60. London: Elsevier.
124. Glennerster, Howard (1991). 'Quasi-markets for education?' Economic Journal, vol. 10, pp. 1268-76.
125. Glennerster, Howard, Merrett, Stephen and Wilson, Gail (1968). 'A graduate tax.' Higher Education Review, vol. 1, no. 1.
126. Hope, Julie and Miller, Paul (1988). 'Financing tertiary education: an examination of the issues.' Australian Economic Review, vol. 4, pp. 37-57.
127. Johnes, Geraint (1992). 'Performance indicators in higher education: a survey of recent work.' Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 8, pp. 19-34.
128. Le Grand, Julian (89). 'Markets, welfare and equality.' In Market Socialism (eds J. Le Grand and S. Estrin), pp. 193-211. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
129. Morris, Martin (1989). 'Student aid in Sweden: recent experience and reforms.' In Financial Support for Students: Grants, Loans or Graduate Tax? (ed. M. Woodhall). London: Kogan Page.
130. Psacharopoulos, George and Woodhall, Maureen (1985). Education for Development:An Analysis of Investment Choices. Oxford University Press.
131. Reischauer, Robert (1989). 'HELP: a student loan program for the twenty-first century.' In Radical Reform or Incremental Change? Student Loan Policies for the Federal Government (ed. L. E. Gladieux). New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
132. Robbins, Lionel (1980). Higher Education Revisited. London: Macmillan.
133. UK Department of Education and Science (1988). Top-Up Loans for Students, Cmd 520. London: HMSO.
134. UK Department of Education and Science (1989). Aspects of Higher Education in the United States of America: A Commentary by Her Majesty's Inspectorate. London: HMSO.
135. UK Department of Education and Science (1991). Higher Education: A New Framework, Cmd 1541. London: HMSO.
136. World Bank (1986). Financing Education in Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
137. Barden, Laing, Barr, Nicholas and Higginson, Gordon (1991), Options for Student Loans, Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals and Committee of Directors of Polytechnics.
138. Barnes, John and Barr, Nicholas (1988), Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper, Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute and the Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics and Political Science.
139. Barr, Nicholas (1991), 'Income-Contingent Student Loans: An Idea Whose Time Has Come', in Shaw, G.K. (ed.), Economics, Culture and Education: Essays in Honour of Mark Blaug, (Edward Elgar, 1991), pp. 155-70 [this volume, Ch. 6].
140. Barr, Nicholas (1993), 'Alternative Funding Resources for Higher Education', Economic Journal, Vol. 103, No. 418 (May), pp. 718-28 [this volume, Ch. 7].
141. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1993), 'Paying for Learning', Welfare State Programme Discussion Paper No. WSP/94, Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
142. Barr, Nicholas, Falkingham, Jane and Glennerster, Howard (1994), Funding Higher Education, London School of Economics and Political Science, and British Petroleum Educational Service.
143. Becker, Gary (1964), Human Capital, New York: NBER Columbia University Press.
144. Bennett, Robert, Glennerster, Howard and Nevison, Douglas (1992a), 'Investing in Skill: To Stay On or Not To Stay On?', Welfare State Programme Discussion Paper No. WSP/83, Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
145. Bennett, Robert, Glennerster, Howard, and Nevison, Douglas (1992b), Learning Should Pay, London: British Petroleum Education Services.
146. Blaug, Mark (1966), 'Loans for Students', New Society, 6 October, pp. 538-9.
147. Chapman, Bruce (1992), 'Austudy: Towards a More Flexible Approach', mimeo, Canberra: Australian National University.
148. Chapman, Bruce, and Harding, Ann (1993), 'Australian Student Loans', mimeo, Canberra: Australian National University.
149. Department of Education and Science (DES) (1988), Top-Up Loans for Students, Cm 520, London: HMSO.
150. Department of Education and Science (DES) (1993), DES Expenditure Plans 1993-4 to 1995-6, Cmnd 2210, London: HMSO.
151. Glennerster, Howard (1982), 'The Role of the State in Financing Recurrent Education', Public Choice, 36, pp. 551-71.
152. Glennerster, Howard, Merrett, Stephen and Wilson, Gail (1968), 'A Graduate Tax', Higher Education Review, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 26-38, reprinted in Higher Education Review, Vol. 35, No. 2 (Spring), pp. 25-40.
153. Reischauer, Robert (1989), 'HELP: A Student Loan Program for the Twenty-First Century', in Gladieux, Lawrence E. (ed.), Radical Reform or Incremental Change? Student Loan Policies for the Federal Government, New York: College Entrance Examination Board.
154. Russell, C. (1993), Academic Freedom, London: Routledge.
155. Schultz, T.W. (1963), The Economic Value of Education, New York: Columbia University Press.
156. Woodhall, Maureen (1989), Financial Support for Students: Grants, Loans or Graduate Tax?, London: Kogan Page.
157. Barnes, J. and N. Barr (1988) Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper (Edinburgh, Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute, and London, Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics).
158. Barr, N. (1989) Student Loans: The Next Steps (Edinburgh, Aberdeen University Press for the David Hume Institute, and London, Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics).
159. Barr, N. (1993) Alternative funding resources for higher education, Economic Journal, 103, pp. 718-728 [this volume, Ch. 7].
160. Barr, N. (1997) Student loans: towards a new public/private mix, Public Money and Managementt, 17, pp. 31-40.
161. Barr, N. (1998) The Economics of the Welfare State, 3rd Edn (Oxford, Oxford University Press, and Stanford, Stanford University Press).
162. Barr, N. and Crawford, I. (1996) Student loans: where are we now?, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/127 (London, London School of Economics).
163. Barr, N. and Crawford, I. (1997) 'The Dearing Report, the Government's response and a view ahead', in Third Report: The Dearing Report: Some Funding Issues, vol. II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, session 1977-8, HC241-II (TSO, 1997), pp. 88-103.
164. Barr, N. and Crawford, I. (1998) 'The Dearing Report and government response:a critique', Political Quarterly, 69, pp. 72-84 [this volume, Ch. 10].
165. Barr, N. and Falkingham, J. (1993) Paying for learning, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/94 (London, London School of Economics).
166. Barr, N. and Falkingham, J. (1996) Repayment rates for student loans: some sensitivity tests, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/127 (London, London School of Economics).
167. Barr, N. and Low, W. (1988) Student grants and student poverty, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper No. WSP/28 (London, London School of Economics).
168. Chapman, B. (1997) Conceptual issues and the Australian experience with incomecontingent charges for higher education, Economic Journal, 107, pp. 738-751.
169. CVCP (1996) Our Universities, Our Future: Part 4: The Case for a New Funding System - Special Report, The CVCP's evidence to the National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (London, Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals).
170. Falkingham, J. and Lessof, C. (1991) LIFEMOD - the formative years, Welfare State Programme, Research Note No. 24 (London, London School of Economics).
171. Falkingham, J. and Lessof, C. (1992) 'Playing God - the construction of a dynamic microsimulation model', in: Hancock, R. and Sutherland, H. (Eds) Microsimulation Models for Public Policy Analysis: New Frontiers (London, London School of Economics).
172. Further Education Funding Council (1997) Learning Works: Widening Participation in Further Education (the Kennedy Report) (Coventry, Further Education Funding Council).
173. Glennerster, H., Falkingham, J. and Barr, N. (1995) Education funding, equity and the life cycle, in: Falkingham, J. and Hills, J. (Eds) The Dynamic of Welfare: The Welfare Stare and the Life Cycle, pp. 137-149 (Hemel Hempstead, Prentice-Hall /Harvester Wheatsheaf).
174. Harding, A. (1993) Lifetime repayment patterns for HECS and Austudy loans, Discussion Paper No. 1 (Canberra, National Centre for Social and Economic Modelling, University of Canberra).
175. National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (the Dearing Committee) (1997a) Higher Education in the Learning Society: Summary Report (London, HMSO) (also available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe).
176. National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (the Dearing Committee) (1997b) Higher Education in the Learning Society: Report of the National Committee (London, HMSO) (also available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe).
177. National Education Commission (1993) Learning to Succeed, Paul Hamlyn Foundation National Commission on Education (London, Heinemann).
178. Student Loans Company (1996) Annual Report 1996 (Glasgow, Student Loans Company).
179. Australian Bureau of Statistics 1997, Government Finance Statistics, Australia, 1995-96, Cat. no. 5512.0, ABS, Canberra.
180. Barnes, J. and Barr, N. 1988, Strategies for Higher Education: The Alternative White Paper, Aberdeen University Press for David Hume Institute, Edinburgh, and Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
181. Barr, N. 1989, Student Loans: The Next Steps, Aberdeen University Press for David Hume Institute, Edinburgh, and Suntory-Toyota International Centre for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics.
182. Barr, N. 1991, 'Income-contingent student loans: an idea whose time has come', in Economics, Culture and Education: Essays in Honour of Mark Blaug, ed. G. K. Shaw, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham [this volume, Ch. 6].
183. Barr, N. 1997a, 'Student loans in New Zealand', in Third Report: The Dearing Report:Some Funding Issues, Volume II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, Session 1997-98, HC24 1-II, TSO, London.
184. Barr, N. 1997b, 'Student loans: towards a new public/private mix', Public Money and Management, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 31-40.
185. Barr, N. 1998a, 'The Dearing Report and government response: a commentary', Discussion Paper, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University.
186. Barr, N. 1998b, The Economics of the Welfare State, 3rd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford, and Stanford University Press, Stanford, Calif.
187. Barr, N. and Crawford, I. 1997, 'The Dearing Report, the government's response and a view ahead', in Third Report: The Dearing Report: Some Funding Issues, Volume II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, Session 1997-98, HC24 1-II, TSO, London, pp. 88-103.
188. Blaug, M. 1976, 'The empirical status of human capital theory: a slightly jaundiced survey', Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 14, pp. 827-56. [Reprinted in Blaug (1987, pp. 100-28).]
189. Blaug, M. 1985, 'Where are we now in the economics of education?', Economics of Education Review, vol. 4, no. 1. pp. 17-28.
190. Blaug, M. 1987, The Economics of Education and the Education of an Economist, Edward Elgar, Aldershot.
191. Chapman, B. 1988, 'An economic analysis of the Higher Education Contribution Scheme of the Wran Report', Economic Analysis and Policy, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 171-88.
192. Chapman, B. 1997a, 'Conceptual issues and the Australian experience with incomecontingent charges for higher education', Economic Journal, vol. 107, no. 442, pp. 738-51.
193. Chapman, B. 1997b, 'Some financing issues for Australian higher education teaching', in Learning for Life: A Policy Discussion Paper (R. West, Chair), Review of Higher Education Financing and Policy (West Committee), AGPS, Canberra.
194. Committee on Higher Education Funding (Wran Committee) 1988, Report of the Committee on Higher Education Funding (N. Wran, Chair), AGPS, Canberra.
195. Review of Higher Education Financing and Policy (West Committee) 1997, Learning for Life: A Policy Discussion Paper (R. West, Chair), AGPS, Canberra.
196. Review of Higher Education Financing and Policy (West Committee) 1998, Learning for Life: Final Report (R. West, Chair), AGPS, Canberra.
197. UK Department for Education and Employment 1998a, Further Education for the Millennium: Response to the Kennedy Report, TSO, London.
198. UK Department for Education and Employment 1998b, Higher Education for the 21st Century: Response to the Dearing Report, TSO, London.
199. UK Department for Education and Employment 1998c, The Learning Age: A Renaissance for a New Britain, Cm 3790, TSO, London.
200. UK Further Education Funding Council 1997, Learning Works: Widening Participation in Further Education (Kennedy Report), Further Education Funding Council, Coventry.
201. UK National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (Dearing Committee) 1997a, Higher Education in the Learning Society: Report of the National Committee (R. Dearing, Chair), HMSO, London; also at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe.
202. UK National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (Dearing Committee) 1997b, Higher Education in the Learning Society: Summary Report (R. Dearing, Chair), HMSO, London; also at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe.
203. Ashenfelter, Orley, and Krueger, Alan (1994), 'Estimating the Returns to Schooling Using a New Sample of Twins', American Economic Review, Vol. 84, pp. 1157-73.
204. Ashenfelter, Orley, and Rouse, Cecilia (1998), 'Income, Schooling and Ability:Evidence from a New Sample of Identical Twins', Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 113, No. 1, February, pp. 253-84.
205. Atkinson, Anthony B., and Hills, John (eds) (1998), Exclusion, Employment and Opportunity, London: London School of Economics, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, CASEpaper 4.
206. Barr, Nicholas (1998a), The Economics of the Welfare State, 3rd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press and Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
207. Barr, Nicholas (1998b), 'Higher Education in Australia and Britain: What Lessons?', Australian Economic Review, Vol. 31, No. 2, June, pp. 179-88 [this volume, Ch. 11].
208. Barr, Nicholas (1999), 'Comments on "Economic Policy and Equity: An Overview" by Amartya Sen', in Tanzi, Vito, Chu, Ke-young, and Gupta, Sanjeev (eds), Economic Policy and Equity, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, pp. 44-8.
209. Barr, Nicholas (2000), 'Reforming Pensions: Myths, Truths, and Policy Choices', Working Paper WP/00/139, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, downloadable from http://www.imf.org/EXTERNAL/PUBS/CAT/.
210. Barr, Nicholas (2001a), The Welfare State as Piggy Bank, New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
211. Barr, Nicholas (2001b), 'Reforming welfare states in post-communist countries' in Balcerowicz, Leszek, and Orlowski, Lucjan (eds), Ten Years After: Transition and Growth in Postcommunist Countries, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
212. Barr, Nicholas, and Crawford, Iain (1998a), 'Funding Higher Education in an Age of Expansion', Education Economics, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 45-70 [this volume, Ch. 9].
213. Barr, Nicholas, and Crawford, Iain (1998b), 'The Dearing Report and the Government Response: A Critique', Political Quarterly, Vol. 69, No. 1, January-March, pp. 72-84 [this volume, Ch. 10].
214. Blanchflower, David, and Oswald, Andrew (2000), 'Wellbeing over Time in Britain and the USA', working paper, presented at the National Bureau of Economic Research Summer Workshop in Cambridge, Mass., July 2000. Downloadable at www.oswald.co.uk.
215. Blaug, Mark (1976), 'The Empirical Status of Human Capital Theory: A Slightly Jaundiced Survey', Journal of Economic Literature, September, pp. 827-56, reprinted in Blaug, Mark (1987), The Economics of Education and the Education of an Economist, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, pp. 100-28.
216. Blaug, Mark (1985), 'Where Are We Now in the Economics of Education?', Economics of Education Review, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 17-28, reprinted in Blaug, Mark (1987), The Economics of Education and the Education of an Economist, Aldershot: Edward Elgar, pp. 129-40.
217. Bonjour, Dorothe, Cherkas, Lyn, Haskel, Jonathan, Hawkes, Denise, and Spector, Tim (2000), 'Estimating Returns to Education Using a New Sample of Twins', London, Queen Mary Westfield College, mimeo.
218. Bynner, John, and Egerton, Muriel (2000), 'The Wider Benefits of Higher Education', Wider Benefits of Learning Research Centre, London: Institute of Education, for the Higher Education Funding Council for England in association with the Smith Institute.
219. Card, David (1999), 'The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings', in Ashenfelter, Orley, and Card, David (eds), Handbook of Labor Economics, Elsevier Science B. V.
220. Cave, Martin, Dodsworth, Ruth, and Thompson, David (1992), 'Regulatory Reform in Higher Education in the UK: Incentives for Efficiency and Product Quality', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 79-102.
221. Dutta, Jayasri, Sefton, James, and Weale, Martin (1999), 'Education and public policy', Fiscal Studies, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 351-86.
222. Glennerster, Howard (1993), 'The Economics of Education: Changing Fortunes', in Barr, Nicholas, and Whynes, David (1993), Issues in the Economics of the Welfare State, London: Macmillan, pp. 176-99.
223. Glennerster, Howard (1998), 'Education', in Glennerster, Howard, and Hills, John (eds), The State of Welfare: The Economics of Social Spending, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 27-74.
224. Greenaway, David, and Haynes, Michelle (2000), Funding Universities to Meet National and International Challenges, Nottingham: University of Nottingham, also on www.nottingham.ac.uk/economics/funding.
225. Hanushek, Eric A. (1986), 'The Economics of Schooling: Production and Efficiency in Public Schools', Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 23, No. 3, pp. 1141-77.
226. Hanushek, Eric A. (1996), 'Measuring Investment in Education', Journal of Economic Perspectives, 10(4), pp. 9-30.
227. Le Grand, Julian (1989), 'Markets, Welfare and Equality', in Le Grand, Julian, and Estrin, Saul (eds), Market Socialism, Oxford: Clarendon Press.
228. Marshall, Alfred (1961), Principles of Economics, 9th edn, London: Macmillan.
229. OECD (1997), Thematic Review of Higher Education, Paris: OECD.
230. OECD (1998), Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, Paris: OECD.
231. Ravallion, Martin (1996), 'Issues in Measuring and Modelling Poverty', Economic Journal, Vol. 106, September, pp. 1328-44.
232. Romer, Paul (1993), 'Ideal Gaps and Object Gaps in Economic Development', Journal of Monetary Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 338-69.
233. Sen, Amartya K. (1999), 'Economic Policy and Equity: An Overview', in Tanzi, Vito, Chu, Ke-young, and Gupta, Sanjeev (eds), Economic Policy and Equity, Washington DC: International Monetary Fund, pp. 28-43.
234. Sparkes, Jo (1999), Schools, Education and Social Exclusion, London: London School of Economics, Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion, CASEpaper 29.
235. Thurow, Lester (1996), The Future of Capitalism: How Today's Economic Forces Shape Tomorrow's World, London: Nicholas Brealey.
236. UK National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (the Dearing Committee) (1997), Higher Education in the Learning Society: Report 7: Rates of Return to Higher Education, London: HMSO, also available at http://www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/ncihe.
237. Winston, Gordon (1999), 'Subsidies, Hierarchies and Peers: The Awkward Economics of Higher Education', Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 13, No. 1, Winter, pp. 13-26.
238. Barr, Nicholas (1997), 'Student Loans in New Zealand', in Third Report: The Dearing Report: Some Funding Issues, Volume II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, Session 1997-98, HC241-II, (TSO, 1997), pp. 119-21.
239. Barr, Nicholas (2001), The Welfare State as Piggy Bank: Information, Risk, Uncertainty, and the Role of the State, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
240. Barr, Nicholas and Crawford, Iain (1997), 'The Dearing Report, the Government's Response and a View Ahead', in Third Report: The Dearing Report: Some Funding Issues, Volume II, Minutes of Evidence and Appendices, House of Commons Education and Employment Committee, Session 1997-98, HC241-II (TSO), pp. 88-103.
241. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1993), Paying for Learning, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/94, London: London School of Economics.
242. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1996), Repayment Rates for Student Loans. Some Sensitivity Tests, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/127, London:London School of Economics.
243. Barr, Nicholas and Low, William (1988), Student Grants and Student Poverty, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/28, London: London School of Economics.
244. Callender, Claire and Kemp, Martin (2000), 'Changing Student Finances: Income, Expenditure and Take-up of Student Loans among Full- and Part-time Higher Education Students in 1998-9', London: Department of Education and Employment Research Report RR213.
245. Chapman, Bruce (1997), 'Conceptual Issues and the Australian Experience with Income Contingent Charges for Higher Education', Economic Journal, 107/442 (May), 738-51.
246. Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals (1996), Our Universities, Our Future, Special Report 4: The Case for a New Higher Education Funding System, London: Committee of Vice-Chancellors and Principals.
247. Council for Industry and Higher Education (2001), The Funding of UK Higher Education:The CIHE Submission to the Comprehensive Spending Review, London: Council for Industry and Higher Education
248. Department for Education and Skills (2001), Higher Education Student Support in England and Wales 2001-02: Chapter 6: Assessing Financial Entitlement (http://www.dfes.gov.uk/studentsupport/ss-admin/content/dsp-section-29.shtml, Chapter 6).
249. National Audit Office (2002), Widening Participation in Higher Education in England, Report by the Comptroller and Auditor General, HC 485, Session 2001-02, London: TSO.
250. National Committee of Inquiry into Higher Education (the Dearing Committee) (1997), Higher Education in the Learning Society: Main Report, London: HMSO.
251. New Zealand Tertiary Education Advisory Committee (2001), Shaping the Funding Framework: Fourth Report of the Tertiary Education Advisory Committee: Summary Report, Tertiary Education Advisory Committee, Wellington, New Zealand, November (http://www.teac.govt.nz/fframework.htm).
252. Piatt, Wendy and Robinson, Peter (2001), Opportunity for Whom? Options for Funding and Structure of Post-16 Education, London: Institute for Public Policy Research.
253. Barr, Nicholas (1990), 'MacGregor's Loan Doubts Are Old Hat', Guardian, 30 January, p. 23.
254. Barr, Nicholas (2001a), The Welfare State as Piggy Bank: Information, Risk, Uncertainty and the Role of the State, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
255. Barr, Nicholas (ed.) (2001b), Economic Theory and the Welfare State, Vol. I: Theory, Vol. II: Income Transfers, and Vol. III: Benefits in Kind, Edward Elgar Library in Critical Writings in Economics, Cheltenham and Northampton, Mass.: Edward Elgar.
256. Barr, Nicholas (2003), 'Financing Higher Education in the UK: The 2003 White Paper', House of Commons Education and Skills Committee, The Future of Higher Education, Fifth Report of Session 2002-03, Volume II, Oral and Written Evidence, HC 425-II, (TSO, 2003), pp. Ev 292-309. Available at: http://econ.lse.ac.uk/staff/nb.
257. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1993), Paying for Learning, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/94, London: London School of Economics.
258. Barr, Nicholas and Falkingham, Jane (1996), Repayment Rates for Student Loans: Some Sensitivity Tests, Welfare State Programme, Discussion Paper WSP/127, London:London School of Economics.
259. Chapman, Bruce (1997), 'Conceptual Issues and the Australian Experience with Income Contingent Charges for Higher Education', Economic Journal, Vol. 107, No. 442 (May), pp. 738-51, reprinted in Barr (2001b, Vol. III, pp. 610-23).
260. Chapman, Bruce and Ryan, Chris (2003), 'The Access Implications of Income Contingent Charges for Higher Education: Lessons from Australia', Australian National University, Centre for Economic Policy Research, Discussion Paper No. 463, April.
261. Corak, Miles, Lipps, Garth and Zhao, John (2003), Family Income and Participation in Post-secondary Education, Statistics Canada, Family and Labour Studies Division, Analytical Studies Branch, Research Paper No. 210, Ottawa: Canada.
262. Education and Skills Committee (2003), The Future of Higher Education, Volumes I, Report and Formal Minutes, and Volume II, Oral and Written Evidence, Fifth Report of Session 2002-3, HC425-I and II, London: TSO. Available at: http://www.parliament.uk.
263. Feinstein, Leon (2003), 'Inequality in the Early Cognitive Development of British Children in the 1970 Cohort', Economica, Vol. 70, No. 277, pp. 73-98.
264. Kornai, János (1992), The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
265. New Zealand Ministry of Education (2002), Annual Report: Student Loan Scheme, Wellington: Ministry of Education.
266. Palacios Lleras, Miguel (2004), Investing in Human Capital: A Capital Markets Approach to Student Funding, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.