"Nobody is dead until warm and dead": Prolonged resuscitation is warranted in arrested hypothermic victims also in remote areas - A retrospective study from northern Norway

Resuscitation

Volumn 85, Issue 9, 2014, Pages 1204-1211

  Hilmo, Jonas ^a   Naesheim, Torvind ^a,b   Gilbert, Mads ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TROMSØ   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL OF NORTH NORWAY   (Norway)

Author keywords

Accidental hypothermia; Cardiac arrest; Extracorporeal rewarming; Hyperkalemia; Prehospital; Survival

Indexed keywords

ACCIDENTAL HYPOTHERMIA; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AIR MEDICAL TRANSPORT; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CORE TEMPERATURE; EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION; FEMALE; GLASGOW OUTCOME SCALE; HEART ARREST; HUMAN; MALE; NORWAY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE STATE; POTASSIUM BLOOD LEVEL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESUSCITATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; RETURN OF SPONTANEOUS CIRCULATION; UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL; WARMING; COMPLICATION; DEATH; HYPOTHERMIA; MIDDLE AGED; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PROCEDURES; TIME; YOUNG ADULT; ASPHYXIA; AVALANCHE; BODY TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT; COOLING; DROWNING; EMERGENCY CARE; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HEART RHYTHM; MORTALITY; PREDICTOR VARIABLE; SEASONAL VARIATION; SURVIVAL; SURVIVOR; TREATMENT DURATION;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; DEATH; FEMALE; HEART ARREST; HUMANS; HYPOTHERMIA; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NORWAY; RESUSCITATION; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

POTASSIUM;

EID: 84906055281     PISSN: 03009572     EISSN: 18731570     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2014.04.029     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Marx J.A., Hockberger R.S., Walls R.M., Adams J., Rosen P. Rosen's emergency medicine concepts and clinical practice 2010, Mosby/Elsevier, Philadelphia.
2. Giesbrecht G.G. Emergency treatment of hypothermia. Emerg Med (Fremantle) 2001, 13:9-16.
3. Chorro F.J., Guerrero J., Ferrero A., et al. Effects of acute reduction of temperature on ventricular fibrillation activation patterns. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2002, 283:H2331-H2340.
4. Alam H.B., Pusateri A.E., Kindzelski A., et al. Hypothermia and hemostasis in severe trauma: a new crossroads workshop report. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012, 73:809-817.
5. Brown D.J., Brugger H., Boyd J., Paal P. Accidental hypothermia. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1930-1938.
6. Mallet M.L. Pathophysiology of accidental hypothermia. QJM 2002, 95:775-785.
7. Peng R.Y., Bongard F.S. Hypothermia in trauma patients. J Am Coll Surg 1999, 188:685-696.
8. Jurkovich G.J., Greiser W.B., Luterman A., Curreri P.W. Hypothermia in trauma victims: an ominous predictor of survival. J Trauma 1987, 27:1019-1024.
9. Mikhail J. The trauma triad of death: hypothermia, acidosis, and coagulopathy. AACN Clin Issues 1999, 10:85-94.
10. Luna G.K., Maier R.V., Pavlin E.G., Anardi D., Copass M.K., Oreskovich M.R. Incidence and effect of hypothermia in seriously injured patients. J Trauma 1987, 27:1014-1018.
11. Brugger H., Durrer B., Adler-Kastner L., Falk M., Tschirky F. Field management of avalanche victims. Resuscitation 2001, 51:7-15.
12. Boyd J., Brugger H., Shuster M. Prognostic factors in avalanche resuscitation: a systematic review. Resuscitation 2010, 81:645-652.
13. Pillgram-Larsen J., Svennvig J.-L., Abdelnoor M., Semb G., Østerud A., Skulberg A. Aksidentell hypotermi. Tidsskr Den Nor lægeforening 1991, 180-183.
14. Farstad M., Andersen K.S., Koller M.E., Grong K., Segadal L., Husby P. Rewarming from accidental hypothermia by extracorporeal circulation. A retrospective study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2001, 20:58-64.
15. Mair P., Kornberger E., Furtwaengler W., Balogh D., Antretter H. Prognostic markers in patients with severe accidental hypothermia and cardiocirculatory arrest. Resuscitation 1994, 27:47-54.
16. Schaller M.D., Fischer A.P., Perret C.H. Hyperkalemia. A prognostic factor during acute severe hypothermia. Jama J Am Med Assoc 1990, 264:1842-1845.
17. Walpoth B.H., Walpoth-Aslan B.N., Mattle H.P., et al. Outcome of survivors of accidental deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest treated with extracorporeal blood warming. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:1500-1505.
18. Wanscher M., Agersnap L., Ravn J., et al. Outcome of accidental hypothermia with or without circulatory arrest: experience from the Danish Præstø Fjord boating accident. Resuscitation 2012, 83:1078-1084.
19. Løseth S., Bågenholm A., Torbergsen T., Stålberg E. Peripheral neuropathy caused by severe hypothermia. Clin Neurophysiol 2013, 124:1019-1024.
20. Saxena P., Shehatha J., Boyt A., Newman M., Konstantinov I.E. Role of extracorporeal circulation in the management of accidental deep hypothermia. Heart Lung Circ 2009, 18:416-418.
21. Scaife E.R., Connors R.C., Morris S.E., et al. An established extracorporeal membrane oxygenation protocol promotes survival in extreme hypothermia. J Pediatr Surg 2007, 42:2012-2016.
22. Ruttmann E., Weissenbacher A., Ulmer H., et al. Prolonged extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-assisted support provides improved survival in hypothermic patients with cardiocirculatory arrest. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2007, 134:594-600.
23. Monika B.M., Martin D., Balthasar E., et al. The Bernese Hypothermia Algorithm: a consensus paper on in-hospital decision-making and treatment of patients in hypothermic cardiac arrest at an alpine level 1 trauma centre. Injury 2011, 42:539-543.
24. 2013(accessed 14.12.13). http://www.seatemperature.org/.
25. Norwegian Meteorological Institute. climate @ 2013. (accessed 27.06.13). http://www.yr.no/place/Norway/Troms/Troms%C3%B8/Troms%C3%B8/climate.html.
26. Lien Nilsen J.M., Bo I., Rasmussen J.R., Haanaes E.K., Gilbert M. Doubled survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in a rural community in north-norway following implementation of an aggressive chest pain protocol with early prehospital thrombolysis for STEMI. Circ 2011, 124:A17087. (abstract 17087).
27. Mark E., Jacobsen O., Kjerstad A., et al. Hypothermic cardiac arrest far away from the center providing rewarming with extracorporeal circulation. Int J Emerg Med 2012, 5:7.
28. Gilbert M., Busund R., Skagseth A., Nilsen PÅ, Solbø J.P. Resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 13.7 degrees C with circulatory arrest. Lancet 2000, 355:375-376.
29. Gennarelli T.A., Wodzin E. Abbreviated injury scale 2005: update 2008 2008, Association for the Advancement of Automative Medicine.
30. Jennett B. Assesment of outcome after severe brain damage a practical scale. Lancet 1975, 305:480-484.
31. Walpoth B.H., Locher T., Leupi E., Schupbach P., Mühlemann W.A.U. Accidental deep hypothermia with cardiopulmonary arrest: extracorporeal blood rewarming in 11 patients. Eur J Cardio-Thoracic Surg 1990, 4:390-393.
32. Vretenar D.F., Urschel J.D., Parrott J.C.W., Unruh H.W. Cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation for accidental hypothermia. Ann Thorac Surg 1994, 58:895-898.
33. Van der Ploeg G.-J., Goslings J.C., Walpoth B.H., Bierens J.J.L.M. Accidental hypothermia: rewarming treatments, complications and outcomes from one university medical centre. Resuscitation 2010, 81:1550-1555.
34. Ledingham I.M., Mone J.G. Treatment of accidental hypothermia: a prospective clinical study. Br Med J 1980, 280:1102-1105.
35. Locher T., Walpoth B., Pfluger D., Althaus U. Akzidentelle Hypothermie in der Schweiz (1980-1987) - Kasuistik und prognostische Faktoren. Schweiz Med Wschr 1991, 121:1020-1028.
36. Xu X., Tikuisis P., Giesbrecht G. A mathematical model for human brain cooling during cold-water near-drowning. J Appl Physiol 1999, 86:265-272.
37. Tveita T. Thesis: Circulation during hypothermia and rewarming An vivo experimental study with special reference to aspects of rewarming shock 1998, University of Tromsø, ISBN 82-7589-091-8.
38. Filseth O.M. Thesis: Aspects of experimental cooling and rewarming with special reference to accidental hypothermia 2012, University of Tromsø, http://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/4366/thesis.pdf?sequence=2.
39. Filseth O.M., Fredriksen K., Gamst T.M., Gilbert M. Veileder for håndtering av aksidentell hypotermi i Helse Nord 2014, http://www.unn.no/getfile.php/UNN%20INTER/Enhet/Akuttmed_web/Forste%20utgave%20av%20Regionale%20veileder%20for%20aksidentell%20hypotermi%20i%20Helse%20Nord%20v%2013-01-14.pdf.
40. Walpoth BH, Meyer M. International hypothermia registry. https://www.hypothermia-registry.org/.