Exposing the "whole segregation myth": The Harlem Nine and New York City's school desegregation battles

Freedom North: Black Freedom Struggles Outside the South, 1940-1980

Volumn , Issue , 2016, Pages 65-91

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EID: 84905955941     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4039-8250-6     Document Type: Chapter

References (31)

1. "Defy Court's Order in School Boycott;' New York Amsterdam News, December 13, 1958.
2. Daisy Bates, The Long Shadow of Little Rock: A Memoir (New York: David McKay Co., 1962).
3. Henry Hampton and Steve Fayer, Voices ofFreedom (New York: Bantam, 1990),36-52.
4. Taylor Branch, Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1963 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988),222-225.
5. Molly Ladd-Taylor and Laurie Umansky, eds., "Bad" Mothers: The Politics of Blame in Twentieth Century America (New York: New York University Press, 1998).
6. Charles Green and Basil Wilson, The Struggle for Black Empowerment in New York City (NewYork: McGraw Hill, 1989).
7. Robin D. G. Kelley, "House Negroes on the Loose: Malcolm X and the Black Bourgeoisie," 16 (essay, author's personal possession).
8. Kelley and Betsy Esch, "Black Like Mao: Red China and Black Revolution;' 2-5 (essay, author's personal possession).
9. Joanne Grant, Ella Baker: Freedorn Bound (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998)
10. "Parents Rap School Jim Crow: Air Protests Before Mayor;' New York Amsterdam News, July 20, 1957.
11. Ellen Cantarow, "Ella Baker-Organizing for Civil Rights," in Moving the Mountain: Women Working for Social Change, Ellen Cantarow and Susan O'Malley, eds. (Old Westbury: The Feminist Press, 1980),68.
12. "Parents Picket City Hall Over Integration Delay;' The New York Times, September 20, 1957.
13. "Parents Picket City Hall Over Integration Delay;' The New York Times, September 20, 1957, 1.
14. Justine Wise Polier, Juvenile Justice in Double Jeopardy: The Distanced Community and Vengeful Retribution (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Edbaum Associates, 1989), 152.
15. Justine Wise Polier, Juvenile Justice in Double Jeopardy: The Distanced Community and Vengeful Retribution (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Edbaum Associates, 1989),21-22.
16. Justine Wise Polier, Juvenile Justice in Double Jeopardy: The Distanced Community and Vengeful Retribution (Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Edbaum Associates, 1989), pp. 19-20.
17. "Hadern Parents to Gain Leniency:' The New York Times, February 12, 1959.
18. "Hadern Talks Bid for School Peace;' The New York Times, January 30, 1959.
19. "School Boycott End Foreseen in Harlem;' The New York Times, February 8,1959.
20. "Pact is Reached on Harlem Schools:' The New York Times, February 11, 1959.
21. "Negro Parents Act To Sue City Schools;' The New York Times, January 6, 1959.
22. Polier, Juvenile Justice in Double Jeopardy, 152.
23. Clarence Taylor, The Black Churches of Brooklyn (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994),236-238.
24. "School Board Appeal Enrages Baptists:' New York Amsterdam News, January 24, 1959.
25. Cartoon, "Knot-Hole Gang," New York Amsterdam News, January 3,1959.
26. "Brooklyn Parents Seeking Showdown;' September 13, 1958.
27. "City Hall Date," New York Amsterdam News, September 9, 1957.
28. Jones, Labor of Love, Labor of Sorrow, 260-269.
29. "City Hall Date;' New York Amsterdam News, September 9, 1957.
30. Vicki L. Crawford, Jaequeline Anne Rouse, and Barbara Woods, eds., Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers & Torchbearers, 1941-1965 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993).
31. Jo Ann Gibson Robinson, The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It: The Memoir of Jo Ann Gibson Robinson (Knoxville: The University ofTennessee Press, 1987), 172.