On the meaning of life

On the Meaning of Life

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 1-124

  Cottingham, John ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 84905939151     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203164242     Document Type: Book

References (94)

1. Douglas Adams, The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy (London: Pan Books, 1979), pp. 135-6.
2. Ludwig Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico Philosophicus [1922] (London:Routledge, 1961), 6.521.
3. Aristotle, Metaphysics [c. 330bc], Book I, Ch. 2; cf. Francis Bacon, The Advancement of Learning [1605], I, i. 3.
4. For being as an issue, see Martin Heidegger, Being and Time [Sein und Zeit, 1927]
5. trans. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson (New York: Harper and Row, 1962), §9; for the 'marvel of marvels', see Heidegger's 'What is Metaphysics' ['Was ist Metaphysic?'], inaugural lecture of 1929.
6. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Monadology [1714], §69.
7. A. E. Housman, 'Tell me not here, it needs not saying', from Last Poems [1922], XL.
8. Stephen Hawking, A Brief History of Time (London: Bantam Press, 1988), p. 193.
9. René Descartes, Meditations [Meditationes de prima philosophia, 1641], Fifth Replies, in J. Cottingham et al. (eds), The Philosophical Writings of Descartes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), Vol. II, p. 258.
10. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding [1748], Section IV, part 1; in L. A. Selby-Bigge (ed.) Hume's Enquiries, rev. P. H. Nidditch (Oxford: Clarendon, 1975), p. 30.
11. Hawking, A Brief History of Time, pp. 192-3.
12. For metaphor as a privileged mode of disclosure, see D. Cooper, Metaphor (Oxford: Blackwell, 1986), p. 256.
13. For 'nausea', see Jean-Paul Sartre, La Nausée [1936], passim, and L'Être et le Néant [1943], trans. as Being and Nothingness (London: Methuen, 1957), p. 338
14. For 'thrownness' (Geworfenheit), see Heidegger, Being and Time, §29, §38.
15. Albert Einstein, Mein Weltbild (Amsterdam: Querido, 1934)
16. trans. S. Bargmann, Ideas and Opinions by Albert Einstein, (New York: Crown), p. 11 (emphasis supplied).
17. Sigmund Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents [Das Unbehagen in der Kultur 1930], Ch. 2; in J. Strachey (ed.), Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud (London: Hogarth, l953-74), XXI, p. 76.
18. Letter to Marie Bonaparte of 13 August 1937; in Letters of Sigmund Freud, trans. T. and J. Stern (New York: Basic Books, 1960).
19. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Will to Power [Der Wille zur Macht, 1888], trans. W. Kaufmann and R. J. Hollingdale (New York: Random House, 1975), p. 327.
20. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Joyful Science [Die Fröhliche Wissenschaft, 1882], §125; trans. in W. Kaufmann (ed.), The Portable Nietzsche (New York:Viking, 1954), pp. 93ff.
21. See Richard Dawkins, River out of Eden: A Darwinian View of Life (New York:Basic Books, 1995).
22. The Joyful Science, §341. For the existential (rather than literal) construal of the eternal recurrence, see B. Magnus and K. M. Higgins, 'Nietzsche's works and their themes', in their edited collection The Cambridge Companion to Nietzsche (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), pp. 37ff.
23. Richard Rorty, Consequences of Pragmatism (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1982), p. xlii.
24. Isaiah Berlin, 'John Stuart Mill and the Ends of Life', in Four Essays on Liberty (London: Oxford University Press, 1969).
25. Sigmund Freud, Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis [1916-17], Lecture XVII.
26. John Kekes, Pluralism in Philosophy: Changing the Subject (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2000), p. 97.
27. Simon Raven, The Feathers of Death (London: Anthony Blond, 1959), Ch. 1.
28. For the 'Gauguin problem', see Bernard Williams, Moral Luck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), Ch. 2.
29. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals [1751], Section V, part 2.
30. Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals [Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, 1785], Ch. 2.
31. See John Cottingham, 'The ethics of self-concern', Ethics no. 101 (July 1991), pp. 798-817.
32. William Shakespeare, King Lear [1606] Act V, scene 3.
33. T. S. Eliot, from 'East Coker' (1940), III; in his Four Quartets [1943].
34. A. E. Housman, Last Poems [1922], XII.
35. Benedict Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus [1670], Ch. 6.
36. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Theodicy [1710], I, 52.
37. Leibniz, Monadology [1714], §87.
38. Voltaire, Candide [1751], Ch. 5.
39. Leibniz, Theodicy, I, 20-3.
40. For a judicious selection from the vast literature on the problem of evil, see B.Davies (ed.), Philosophy of Religion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), part V.
41. Though this account is pretty much common ground, much of the phrasing here is drawn from the formulations of others, including especially P. van Inwagen, 'Genesis and Evolution', in E. Stump (ed.), Reasoned Faith (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993).
42. Thomas Aquinas, Summa theologiae [1266-73], Ia, 13. 5.
43. The best-known modern example is Richard Dawkins, The Blind Watchmaker (London: Longman, 1986), Ch. 1.
44. See Arthur Peacocke, 'Welcoming the "Disguised Friend": Darwin and Divinity', in M. Ruse (ed.), Philosophy of Biology (New York: Prometheus, 1998).
45. See M. Ruse, Can a Darwinian be a Christian? (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), and S. J. Gould, Rocks of Ages.
46. Leibniz, Monadology, §79. See above, 'The Challenge of Modernity'.
47. A. Plantinga, 'Religious Belief as Properly Basic', in B. Davies (ed.), Philosophy of Religion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
48. Extracted from Plantinga's 'Reason and Belief in God' in A. Plantinga and N. Wolterstorff (eds), Faith and Rationality (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983).
49. For the principle of respect for persons, see Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals [Grundlegung zur Metaphysik der Sitten, 1785], Ch. 2.
50. 'For we know that the whole creation groaneth and travailleth in pain together until now' (Romans 8: 22).
51. A. W. Moore, Points of View (Oxford: Clarendon, 1997), p. 278.
52. Leibniz, 'A Résumé of Metaphysics' ['Ratio est in natura . . .', c. 1697], in G. H. R.Parkinson (ed.), Leibniz, Philosophical Writings (London: Dent, 1973), p.145.
53. Cf. J. Macquarrie, Principles of Christian Theology (London: SCM Press, 1966; 2nd edn 1977).
54. William Wordsworth, 'Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey', in Lyrical Ballads [1798], I, 88.
55. For the 'bleached out' modern universe, see Bernard Williams, Descartes:The Project of Pure Inquiry (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978), Ch. 10.
56. David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion [c. 1755; first published posthumously, 1779], part II.
57. Compare W. Rowe (ed.), God and the Problem of Evil (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), part III.
58. For the complex question of the relation between religion and morality (an issue that goes back to Plato's dialogue the Euthyphro), see E. Stump and J. Murray (eds), Philosophy of Religion: The Big Questions (Oxford:Blackwell, 1999), Part Six.
59. Douglas Adams, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe (London: Pan Books, 1980).
60. John Donne, Holy Sonnets, VII, from Divine Poems [c. 1620].
61. For some of the substantial literature on this issue, see D. Statman (ed.), Moral Luck (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993).
62. Robert Burns, 'To a Mouse' [1785].
63. Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus [Le mythe de Sisyphe, 1942], tr. J. O'Brien (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1955, rev. 2000), p. 111.
64. Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus, p. 59.
65. George Eliot, Adam Bede [1859], Ch. 50.
66. L. Kolakowski, Religion (New York: Oxford University Press,1982), Ch. 5, p.188. He aptly adds that 'this was what made Christianity so hateful to Nietzsche'.
67. Martin Heidegger, Sein und Zeit [1927]; 8th edn (Tubigen: Niemeyer, 1957), p. 189. Trans. as Being and Time, J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson (New York: Harper and Row, 1962), p. 233.
68. Rainer Maria Rilke, Duineser Elegien [1922], I (trans. J. Cottingham). There is a German text with English translation in J.B. Leishman and S. Spender (eds), Rainer Maria Rilke: Duino Elegies (London: Hogarth Press, 1939; 4th edn 1968).
69. Pierre Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life (Oxford, UK and Cambridge, USA Blackwell, 1995), pp. 103-4. Originally published as Exercises spirituels et philosophie antique (Paris: Etudes Augustiniennes, 1987).
70. See P. Harvey, An Introduction to Buddhist Ethics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), Ch. 1.
71. See Peter Singer, 'Famine, Affluence and Morality' [1972], repr. in J. Cottingham (ed.), Western Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), pp. 461ff.
72. Aldous Huxley, Brave New World (London: Chatto & Windus, 1932).
73. See John Keats, 'Ode to Melancholy' [1820].
74. T. S. Eliot, 'Burnt Norton' (1935), II. In his Four Quartets [1943].
75. A. N. Wilson, Love Unknown [1986] (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1987), pp. 59-60.
76. Eliot, Adam Bede, Ch. 17.
77. See M. Foucault, Seminar at the Collège de France of 6 January 1982. Published as 'Subjectivité et vérité' in Y. C. Zarka (ed.), Cités (Vendôme:Presses Universitaires de France), vol. 2 (March 2000), pp. 155-6.
78. See G. Vermes, Jesus the Jew: A Historian's Reading of the Gospels (London:Collins, 1973), Ch. 8.
79. W. K. Clifford, The Ethics of Belief (1879). Repr. in B. Davies, Philosophy of Religion (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000).
80. See Michael McGhee, Transformations of Mind (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 167.
81. Blaise Pascal, Pensées ('Thoughts') [1670], ed. L. Lafuma (Paris: Seuil, l962), no. 418 (trans. J. Cottingham, emphasis supplied). For an excellent discussion of the whole passage, see
82. Ward E. Jones, 'Religious Conversion, Self-Deception and Pascal's Wager', Journal of the History of Philosophy, 36:2 (April 1998).
83. L. Wittgenstein, Lectures and Conversations on Aesthetics, Psychology and Religious Belief [1936-8], ed. C. Barrett (Oxford: Blackwell, 1966), pp. 58-9.
84. Wittgenstein, Culture and Value, ed. G. H. von Wright, trans. P. Winch (Oxford: Blackwell, 1980), pp. 64, 85.
85. H.-J. Glock, A Wittgenstein Dictionary (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996), p. 323.
86. L. R. Kass, The Hungry Soul: Eating and the Perfecting of Our Nature (New York:Macmillan, 1994), pp. 228-31.
87. Thomas Traherne, 'The Third Century' [c. 1670], §3, in Centuries, Poems and Thanksgivings, ed. H. M. Margoliouth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1958), vol. 1, p. 111.
88. Quoted in J. V. Taylor, The Christlike God (London: SCM, 1992), p. 33.
89. Bernard of Clairvaux, Sermon on the Song of Songs, v. 14 Quoted in Sarah Coakley, 'Visions of the Self in Late Medieval Christianity', in M. McGhee (ed.), Philosophy and the Spiritual Life (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), p.95.
90. See, for example, T. Nagel, Mortal Questions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979), Ch. 12.
91. Contrast F. Jackson, 'The Primary Quality View of Colour' in his From Metaphysics to Ethics (Oxford: Clarendon, 1998), Ch. 4.
92. William Blake, 'Auguries of Innocence', from the Pickering manuscript [c. 1803].
93. ''Tis a common observation, that the mind has a great propensity to spread itself on external objects . . .', David Hume, A Treatise of Human Nature [1739-40], Book I, part 3, section xiv (ed. L. A. Selby-Bigge, rev. P. H. Nidditch, 2nd edn, (Oxford: Clarendon, 1978), p. 167).
94. Immanuel Kant, Critique of Practical Reason, Conclusion, (Akademie edn. 5:161 (trans. T. K. Abbott, p. 260)).