Independent Turkmenistan: From post-communism to sultanism

Oil, Transition and Security in Central Asia

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 9-24

  Bohr, Annette ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905790564     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203457771     Document Type: Chapter

References (27)

1. H. E. Chehabi and Juan J. Linz (eds) Sultanistic Regimes, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998, p. 7.
2. Turkmen Report, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Turkmen Service, 'Committee to Protect Journalists' Reports on Attacks on the Press in 2000', 16 March 2001, online at: http://www.rferl.org/bd/tu/reports (hereafter referred to as Turkmen Report).
3. 'Ostorozhno, informatsionnye dveri zakryvaiutsia', Nezavisimaia gazeta, 29 August 2002;
4. Bruce Pannier, 'Turkmenistan: President Niyazov Takes New Interest in Satellite Television', online at: http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2002/07/25072002151921.asp.
5. Turkmen Television first channel, reported in BBC Monitoring, Former Soviet Union, http://www.bbcmonitoring.com, 22 May 2001.
6. 'Byvshii vitse-prem'er obviniaetsia v khishcheniiakh', Nezavisimaia gazeta, 3 November 2001.
7. Vitalii Volkov, 'Turkmenbashi i tri ubitykh zaitsa', FOKUS Nemetskaia volna, 6 March 2002, online at: http: www.dw-world.de/russian/;
8. Turkmen Report, 'Turkmenistan to Tighten Control on Foreigners', 30 January 2001.
9. Turkmen Report, 'Turkmen President Sacks Officials, Criticizes Others', 15 June 2001.
10. Turkmen Radio cited in Turkmen Report, 'Niyazov Orders Creation of New TV, Radio Channels', 3 April 2001.
11. The Turkmen scholar Shokhrat Kadyrov has argued that the most appropriate form of government for independent Turkmenistan is a federation, in which power and wealth would be divided among elected regional elites. Shokhrat Kadyrov, 'Turkmenistan: institut prezidentstva v klanovom postkolonial'nom obshchestve', Acta Eurasica, 2001, no. 2(13), p. 22.
12. Marat Durdyev and Shokhrat Kadyrov, 'Turkmeny Turkmenistana', Turkmeny Mira, Ashgabat: 'Kharp' Press, 1991, pp. 11-23.
13. David Tyson, 'Shrine Pilgrimage in Turkmenistan as a Means to Understand Islam among the Turkmen', Central Asian Monitor, 1997, no. 1.
14. Paul Goble, 'Central Asia: Analysis from Washington-" Official" Religion and " Unofficial" Faith', Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 14 July 2000;
15. S. Demidov, 'Religioznie protsessy v postsovetskom Turkmenistane', Tsentral'naia Aziia I Kavkaz, 2001, no. 6.
16. Yaacov Ro'i, Islam in the CIS: A Threat to Stability, London: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2001, p. 55.
17. Jean-Christophe Peuch, 'Rights Groups: Turkmenistan Represses Non-Traditional Religions', Turkmen Report, 16 February 2001.
18. Ron Synovitz, 'Central Asia: EBRD Says Reforms will Help Seize the Moment', http://www.rferl.org/nca/features/2001/11/20112001084505.asp, 20 November 2001.
19. Saparmurat Turkmenbashi, Address to the Peoples of Turkmenistan, Ankara: MNG Holding, 1993, p. 13.
20. 'Turkmenbashi velikii dal svoemu narodu premiiu', Komsomol'skaia pravda, 27 October 2001.
21. Gungor Turan, 'A Decade of Human Development Challenges of Turkmenistan and Prospects for the Period up to 2010', Eurasian Studies, special issue, summer 2001, p. 156.
22. 'Turkmenistan goniat gaz', Turkmenistan.Ru Gazeta, 2 April 2002.
23. 'Prezidenta Turkmenistana obvinili v sviazakh s ben Ladenom', 7 July 2002, online at http://www.erkin.net/chronicle/bashinark.html;
24. Rustem Safronov, 'Turkmenistan's Niyazov implicated in Drug Smuggling', 29 March 2002, online at: http://www. eurasianet.org.
25. Michael Lelyveld, 'Turkmenistan: US has No New Offers on Trans-Caspian Pipeline', Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 31 May 2000.
26. 'Bashism Turkmenbashi', Central Asia and the Caucasus Programme, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 13 August 2002, online at: http://www.svoboda.org//programs.rtl/2002/rtl.081302.asp;
27. 'NDDT aktiviziruet rabotu', 16 April 2002, online at: http://www. gundogar.org/ruspages__1/319.htm.