Suicide and the 2008 economic recession: Who is most at risk? Trends in suicide rates in England and Wales 2001-2011

Social Science and Medicine

Volumn 117, Issue , 2014, Pages 76-85

  Coope, Caroline ^a   Gunnell, David ^a   Hollingworth, William ^a   Hawton, Keith ^b   Kapur, Nav ^c   Fearn, Vanessa ^d   Wells, Claudia ^d   Metcalfe, Chris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^d WARNEFORD HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Economic recession; England and Wales; Joinpoint regression; Risk; Suicide rates; Suicide trends

Indexed keywords

ECONOMIC IMPACT; GENDER RELATIONS; HEALTH RISK; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK FACTOR; SELF EMPLOYMENT; SUICIDE; UNEMPLOYMENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ECONOMIC RECESSION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; FINANCIAL DEFICIT; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MORTALITY; POPULATION RISK; RISK FACTOR; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL STATUS; SUICIDE; TREND STUDY; UNEMPLOYMENT; UNITED KINGDOM; YOUNG ADULT; PSYCHOLOGY; SEX RATIO; TRENDS;

ENGLAND; UNITED KINGDOM; WALES;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ECONOMIC RECESSION; ENGLAND; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; RISK FACTORS; SEX DISTRIBUTION; SUICIDE; UNEMPLOYMENT; WALES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84905692999     PISSN: 02779536     EISSN: 18735347     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.07.024     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Barr B., Taylor-Robinson D., Scott-Samuel A., McKee M., Stuckler D. Suicides associated with the 2008-10 economic recession in England: time trend analysis. BMJ 2012, 345:e5142. (published 14 August 2012), 1-7. 10.1136/bmj.e5142.
2. Carroll R., Hawton K., Kapur N., Bennewith O., Gunnell D. Impact of the growing use of narrative verdicts by coroners on geographic variations in suicide: analysis of coroners' inquest data. J.Public Health 2012, 34(3):447-453. 10.1093/pubmed/fdr091.
3. Chang S.-S., Gunnell D., Sterne J.A.C., Lu T.-H., Cheng A.T.A. Was the economic crisis 1997-1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time-trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Soc. Sci. Med. 2009, 68(7):1322-1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.010.
4. Chang S.-S., Stuckler D., Yip P., Gunnell D. Impact of 2008 global economic crisis on suicide: time trend study of 54 countries. BMJ Open Access 2013, 347:f5239. 10.1136/bmj.f5239.
5. Durkheim E. Suicide: a study in sociology, (originally published 1987) 1952, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
6. Eliason M., Storrie D. Job loss is bad for your health - Swedish evidence on cause-specific hospitalization following involuntary job loss. Soc. Sci. Med. 2009, 68(8):1396-1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.01.021.
7. Fountoulakis K.N., Koupidis S.A., Siamouli M., Grammatikopoulos I.A., Theodorakis P.N. Suicide, recession, and unemployment. Lancet 2013, 381(9868):721-722.
8. Gunnell D., Bennewith O., Simkin S., Cooper J., Klineberg E., Rodway C., Kapur N. Time trends in coroners' use of different verdicts for possible suicides and their impact on officially reported incidence of suicide in England: 1990-2005. Psychol. Med. 2012, 1-8. (published November 2012). 10.1017/S0033291712002401.
9. Hawton K., Haw C. Economic recession and suicide. BMJ 2013, 347. 10.1136/bmj.f5612.
10. Hill C., Cook L. Narrative verdicts and their impact on mortality statistics in England and Wales. Health Stat. Q. 2011, 49:1-20.
11. Houle J., Light M. The home foreclosure crisis and rising suicide rates, 2005 to 2010. Am. J. Public Health 2014, 104(6). 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301774.
12. Jackson P.R., Warr P.B. Unemployment and psychological ill-health: the moderating role of duration and age. Psychol. Med. 1984, 14(03):605-614. 10.1017/S003329170001521X.
13. Karanikolos M., Mladovsky P., Cylus J., Thomson S., Basu S., Stuckler D., McKee M., et al. Financial crisis, austerity, and health in Europe. Lancet 2013, 381(9874):1323-1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60102-6.
14. Kentikelenis A., Karanikolos M., Papanicolas I., Basu S., McKee M., Stuckler D. Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy. Lancet 2011, 378(9801):1457-1458.
15. Khang Y.-H., Lynch J.W., Kaplan G.A. Impact of economic crisis on cause-specific mortality in South Korea. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2005, 34(6):1291-1301. 10.1093/ije/dyi224.
16. Kim H.-J., Fay M.P., Feuer E.J., Midthune D.N. Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates. Stat. Med. 2000, 19(3):335-351. 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z.
17. McKee-Ryan F., Song Z., Wanberg C.R., Kinicki A.J. Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. J.Appl. Psychol. 2005, 90(1):53-76. 10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53.
18. McLaughlin K.A., Nandi A., Keyes K.M., Uddin M., Aiello A.E., Galea S., Koenen K.C. Home foreclosure and risk of psychiatric morbidity during the recent financial crisis. Psychol. Med. 2012, 42(07):1441-1448. 10.1017/S0033291711002613.
19. McLennan D., Barnes H., Noble M., Davies J., Garratt E., Dibben C. The English indices of deprivation 2010 2011, Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG), London.
20. Milner A., McClure R., Leo D. Socio-economic determinants of suicide: an ecological analysis of 35 countries. Soc. Psych. Psych. Epidemiol. 2012, 47(1):19-27. 10.1007/s00127-010-0316-x.
21. MoJ Mortgage and Landlord Possession - Statistical Tables- Quarter 1-2013 (Excel) 2013, Retrieved 06/08/13, 2013, from. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mortgage-and-landlord-possession-statistics-2.
22. Morrell S., Taylor R., Quine S., Kerr C. Suicide and unemployment in Australia 1907-1990. Soc. Sci. Med. 1993, 36(6):749-756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(93)90035-3.
23. Morselli H. Suicide: An Essay on Comparative Moral Statistics 1882, (originally published 1881), D. Appleton and Company, New York.
24. ONS Preliminary Estimate of GDP Time Series Dataset 2011 Q4 2012, Retrieved 19/12/2013, from Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/gva/gross-domestic-product-preliminary-estimate/q4-2011/tsd-gdp-preliminary-estimate-q4-2011.html.
25. ONSa Data Tables: Labour Market Statistics Excel Spreadsheets 2011, December 2011. Retrieved 13/06/13, 2013, from. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-statistics/december-2011/index-of-data-tables.html#tab-Unemployment-tables.
26. ONSa Population Estimates for England and Wales, Single Year of Age Unformatted - Mid 2001 to Mid 2005 Revised (Subnational) 2013, Retrieved 10 May 2013, from Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/datasets-and-tables/index.html?pageSize=50%26sortBy=none%26sortDirection=none%26newquery=mid+year+population+estimates%26content-type=Reference+table%26content-type=Dataset.
27. ONSb Data Tables: Labour Market Statistics Excel Spreadsheets 2011, December 2011. Retrieved 13/06/13, 2013, from. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-statistics/december-2011/index-of-data-tables.html#tab-Economic-Inactivity-and-Redundancies-tables.
28. ONSb Population Estimates for England and Wales, Single Year of Age Unformatted - Mid 2006 to Mid 2011 Revised (Subnational) 2013, Retrieved 10 May 2013, from Office for National Statistics. http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/datasets-and-tables/index.html?pageSize=50%26sortBy=none%26sortDirection=none%26newquery=mid+year+population+estimates%26content-type=Reference+table%26content-type=Dataset.
29. ONSc Labour market statistics, June 2013. A01 Summary of Labour Market Statistics 2013, Office for National Statistics. L.F. Survey (Ed.).
30. Perlman F., Bobak M. Assessing the contribution of unstable employment to mortality in Posttransition Russia: prospective individual-level analyses from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring survey. Am. J. Public Health 2009, 99(10):1818-1825. 10.2105/AJPH.2008.154815.
31. Reeves A., Stuckler D., McKee M., Gunnell D., Chang S.-S., Basu S. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. Lancet 2012, 380(9856):1813-1814.
32. Saurina C., Bragulat B., Saez M., López-Casasnovas G. Aconditional model for estimating the increase in suicides associated with the 2008-2010 economic recession in England. J.Epidemiol. Comm. Health 2013, 10.1136/jech-2013-202645.
33. Scourfield J., Fincham B., Langer S., Shiner M. Sociological autopsy: an integrated approach to the study of suicide in men. Soc. Sci. Med. 2012, 74(4):466-473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.054.
34. Skapinakis P., Weich S., Lewis G., Singleton N., Araya R. Socio-economic position and common mental disorders: longitudinal study in the general population in the UK. Br. J. Psychiatry 2006, 189(2):109-117. 10.1192/bjp.bp.105.014449.
35. Stack S., Wasserman I. Economic strain and suicide risk: a qualitative analysis. Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. 2007, 37(1):103-112.
36. StataCorp Stata Statistical Analysis Software 2011, StataCorp LP, Texas, USA. 12.1 ed.
37. Stuckler D., Basu S., Suhrcke M., Coutts A., McKee M. The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. Lancet 2009, 374(9686):315-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61124-7.
38. Stuckler D., Meissner C., Fishback P., Basu S., McKee M. Banking crises and mortality during the great depression: evidence from US urban populations, 1929-1937. J.Epidemiol. Community Health 2012, 66(5):410-419. 10.1136/jech.2010.121376.
39. Swinscow D. Some suicide statistics. Br. Med. J. 1951, 1(4720):1417-1423. 10.2307/25375520.
40. UKIS Individual Insolvencies in England and Wales 2012, Retrieved 07/08/13, 2013, from. http://www.insolvencydirect.bis.gov.uk/otherinformation/statistics/regionalstatisticsmenu.htm.