'My field is the world': Conceptualizing diasporas, travel and tourism

Tourism, Diasporas and Space

Volumn , Issue , 2014, Pages 1-29

  Coles, Tim ^a,d   Timothy, Dallen J ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

^b ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SUNDERLAND   (United Kingdom)

^d Royal Town Planning Institute   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905600678     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203458389     Document Type: Chapter

References (165)

1. Adams, J. (2002) 'The "Bavarianization" of German Texas: ethnic tourism development in Neu Braunfels', paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association of American Geographers, Los Angeles.
2. Adams, K.M. (1997) 'Ethnic tourism and the renegotiation of tradition in Tana Toraja (Sulawesi, Indonesia)', Ethnology 36(4): 309-20.
3. Anthias, F. (2001) 'New hybridities, old concepts: the limits of "culture"', Ethnic and Racial Studies 24(4): 619-41.
4. Ashworth, G. (1996) 'Holocaust tourism and Jewish culture: the lessons of Krakow-Kazimierz', in M. Robinson, N. Evans and P. Callaghan (eds) Tourism and Culture: Towards the 21st Century, London: Athenaeum Press.
5. Banton, M. (2001) 'Progress in ethnic and racial studies', Ethnic and Racial Studies 24(2): 173-94.
6. Barber, B.J. (2001) Jihad vs. McWorld. Terrorism's Challenge to Democracy, New York: Ballantyne Books.
7. Barnett, S.J. (1997) 'Maori tourism', Tourism Management 18(7): 471-74.
8. Bhabha, H. (1994) 'Frontlines/borderposts', in A. Bammer (ed.) Displacements: Cultural Identities in Question, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
9. Brah, A. (1996) Cartographies of Diaspora. Contesting Identities, London: Routledge.
10. Braziel, J.E. and Mannur, A. (eds) (2003) Theorizing Diaspora. A Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
11. Brown, P. (1998) Catskill Culture: A Mountain Rat's Memories of the Area, Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
12. Bruner, E.M. (1996) 'Tourism in Ghana: the representation of slavery and the return of the black diaspora', American Anthropologist 98: 290-304.
13. Bruner, E.M. and Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1994) 'Maasai on the lawn: tourist realism in East Africa', Cultural Anthropology 9: 435-70.
14. Butler, D.L. (2001) 'Whitewashing plantations: the commodification of a slave-free antebellum south', International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration 2(3/4): 163-75.
15. Butler, D.L., Carter, P.L. and Brunn, S.D. (2002) 'African-American travel agents: travails and survival', Annals of Tourism Research 29(4): 1022-35.
16. Butler, R.W. and Hinch,T. (eds) (1996) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, London: Thompson I.B.P.
17. Buzzelli, M. (2000) 'Toronto's postwar little Italy: landscape change and ethnic relations', Canadian Geographer 44(3): 298-305.
18. Caffyn, A. and Lutz, J. (1999) 'Developing the heritage tourism product in multi-ethnic cities', Tourism Management, 20(5): 213-21.
19. Callahan, R. (1998) 'Ethnic politics and tourism. a British case study', Annals of Tourism Research 25(4): 818-36.
20. Cameron, S. (2000) Footprint Handbook: Dominican Republic, 1st edn, Bath: Footprint Books.
21. Chang, T.C. (2000) 'Singapore's Little India: a tourist attraction as a contested landscape', Urban Studies 37(2): 343-66.
22. Chow, R. (2003) 'Against the lures of diaspora: minority discourse, Chinese women and intellectual hegemony', in J.E. Braziel and A. Mannur (eds) Theorizing Diaspora. A Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
23. Church, A. and Frost, M. (2004) 'Tourism, the global city and the labour market in London', Tourism Geographies 6(2) (forthcoming).
24. Clarence, E. (1999) 'Citizenship and identity: the case of Australia', in S. Roseneil and J. Seymour (eds) Practising Identities. Power and Resistance, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
25. Clifford, J. (1989) 'Notes on travel and theory', Inscription 5: 177-88.
26. Clifford, J. (1994) 'Diasporas', Cultural Anthropology 9: 302-38.
27. Clifford, J. (1997) Routes. Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
28. Cohen, E. (1974) 'Who is a tourist? A conceptual clarification', Sociological Review 22(4): 527-55.
29. Cohen, E.H. (1999) 'Informal marketing of Israel Experience Educational Tours', Journal of Travel Research 37(3): 238-43.
30. Cohen, E.H., Ifergan, M. and Cohen, E. (2002) 'A new paradigm in guiding: the madrich as a role model', Annals of Tourism Research 29(4): 919-32.
31. Cohen, R. (1997) Global Diasporas, London: Routledge.
32. Coles, T.E. (2003) 'Urban tourism, place promotion and economic restructuring: the case of post-socialist Leipzig', Tourism Geographies 5(2): 190-219.
33. Conforti, J.M. (1996) 'Ghettos as tourist attractions', Annals of Tourism Research 23(4): 830-42.
34. Cooper, C., Fletcher, J., Gilbert, D., Wanhill, S. and Shepherd, R. (1998) Tourism: Principles and Practice, 2nd edn, Harlow: Pearson Education.
35. Craik, J. (1998) 'Interpretive mismatch in cultural tourism', Tourism, Culture and Communication 1(2): 115-28.
36. Dann, G.M.S. and Seaton, A.V. (2001) 'Slavery, contested heritage and thanatourism', International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration 2(3/4): 1-29.
37. Delanty, G. (2000) Citizenship in a Global Age. Society, Culture, Politics, Buckingham: Open University Press.
38. Drury, B. (1994) 'Ethnic mobilization: some theoretical considerations', in J. Rex and B. Drury (eds) Ethnic Mobilization in a Multi-Cultural Europe, Aldershot: Avebury.
39. Duval, D. (2003) 'When hosts become guests: return visits and diasporic identities in a Commonwealth eastern Caribbean community', Current Issues in Tourism 6(4): 267-308.
40. Eade, J. (2000) Placing London. From Imperial City to Global Capital, New York: Berghahn Books.
41. Epstein, A.D. and Kheimets, N.G. (2001) 'Looking for Pontius Pilate's footprints near the Western Wall: Russian Jewish tourists in Jerusalem', Tourism, Culture and Communication 3(1): 37-56.
42. Esman, M.R. (1984) 'Tourism as ethnic preservation: the Cajuns of Louisiana', Annals of Tourism Research 11: 451-67.
43. Essah, P. (2001) 'Slavery, heritage and tourism in Ghana', International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration 2(3/4): 31-49.
44. Faist, T. (2000) 'Transnationalism in international migration: implications for the study of citizenship and culture', Ethnic and Racial Studies 23(2): 189-222
45. Falzon, M.-A. (2003) '"Bombay, our cultural heart": rethinking the relationship between homeland and diaspora', Ethnic and Racial Studies 26(4): 662-83.
46. Featherstone, M. (1995) Undoing Culture. Globalization, Postmodernism and Identity, London: Sage.
47. Feng, K. and Page, S.J. (2000) 'An exploratory study of the tourism, migration-immigration nexus: travel experiences of Chinese residents in New Zealand', Current Issues in Tourism 3(3): 246-81.
48. Fowler, S. (2003) 'Ancestral tourism', Insights March: D31-D36.
49. Fox, J. and Fox, R. (2000) 'Croatia and cultural tourism: a social and economic imperative', Revue de Tourisme-The Tourist Review 2000(1): 14-18.
50. Franklin, A. and Crang, M. (2001) 'The trouble with tourism and travel theory', Tourist Studies 1(1): 5-22.
51. Friedmann, J. (1999) 'The hybridization of roots and the abhorrence of the bush', in M. Featherstone and S. Lash (eds) Spaces of Culture. City-Nation-World, London: Sage.
52. Gabaccia, D. (2000) Italy's Many Diasporas, London: Routledge.
53. Gilroy, P. (1993) The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, London: Verso.
54. Given, T. (2001) Chicago Condensed, 3rd edn, Footscray, IL: Lonely Planet Publishing Ltd.
55. Golden, D. (1996) 'The museum of the Jewish diaspora tells a story', in T. Selwyn (ed.) The Tourist Images. Myths and Myth-making in Tourism, Chichester: Wiley.
56. Graburn, N. (1978) 'Tourism: the sacred journey?', in V. Smith (ed.) Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism, Oxford: Blackwell.
57. Gruber, R.E. (1999) Jewish Heritage Travel: A Guide to East-Central Europe, Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson Inc.
58. Gruber, R.E. (2002) Virtually Jewish. Reinventing Jewish Culture in Europe, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
59. Hague, E. (2001) 'The Scottish diaspora. Tartan Day and the appropriation of Scottish identities in the United States', in D.C. Harvey, R. Jones, N. McInroy and C. Milligan (eds) Celtic Geographies. Old Culture, New Times, London: Routledge.
60. Hall, C.M. (2002) 'ANZAC Day and secular pilgrimage', Tourism Recreation Research 27(2): 83-7.
61. Hall, C.M. and Page, S.J. (1999) The Geography of Tourism and Recreation. Environment, Place and Space, London: Routledge.
62. Hall, C.M. and Williams, A.M. (eds) (2002) Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption, Dordrecht: Kluwer.
63. Hall, S. (1990) 'Cultural identity and diaspora', in J. Rutherford (ed.) Identity: Community, Culture and Difference, London: Lawrence and Wishart.
64. Hall, S. (1996) 'Politics of identity', in T. Ranger, Y. Samad and O. Stuart (eds) Culture, Identity and Politics: Ethnic Minorities in Britain, Aldershot: Avebury.
65. Hannerz, U. (1996) Transnational Connections: Culture, People, Places, London: Routledge.
66. Helmreich, S. (1992) 'Kinship, nation and Paul Gilroy's concept of diaspora', Diaspora 2(2): 243-49.
67. Henderson, J. (1999) 'Attracting tourists to Singapore's Chinatown: a case-study in conservation and promotion', Tourism Management 21: 525-34.
68. Hindess, B. (2002) 'Neo-Liberal Citizenship', Citizenship Studies 6(2): 127-43.
69. Hoelscher, S. (1998) 'Tourism, ethnic memory and other-directed place', Ecumene 5(4): 369-98.
70. Hoerder, D. (1993) 'Introduction. Special issue: European ports of emigration', Journal of American Ethnic History 13(1): 3-5.
71. Hollinshead, K. (1996) 'Marketing and metaphysical realism: the disidentification of Aboriginal life and traditions through tourism', in R. Butler and T. Hinch (eds) Tourism and Indigenous Peoples, London: Thompson I.B.P.
72. Hollinshead, K. (1998) 'Tourism and the restless peoples: a dialectical inspection of Bhabha's halfway populations', Tourism, Culture and Communication 1(1): 49-77.
73. Hudman, L.E. and Jackson, R.H. (1992) 'Mormon pilgrimage and tourism', Annals of Tourism Research 19: 107-21.
74. Ioannides, D. and Cohen Ioannides, M.W. (2002) 'Pilgrimages of nostalgia: patterns of Jewish travel in the United States', Tourism Recreation Research 27(2): 17-25.
75. Jamison, D. (1999) 'Tourism and ethnicity: the Brotherhood of Coconuts', Annals of Tourism Research 26(4): 944-67.
76. Janiskee, R. (2002) 'Juneteenth on the rise: the geography of America's "Second Independence Day"', paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Association of American Geographers, Los Angeles.
77. Jutla, R. (2002) 'Understanding Sikh Pilgrimage', Tourism Recreation Research 27(2): 65-72.
78. Kang, S. K.-M. and Page, S.J. (2000) 'Tourism, migration and emigration: travel patterns of Korean-New Zealanders in the 1990s', Tourism Geographies 2(1): 50-65.
79. Kaplan, C. (1996) Questions of Travel: Postmodern Discourses of Displacement, Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
80. King, B. (1994) 'What is ethnic tourism? An Australian perspective', Tourism Management 15(3): 173-6.
81. King, B.E.M. and Gamage, M.A. (1994) 'Measuring the value of the ethnic connection: expatriate travellers from Australia to Sri Lanka', Journal of Travel Research 33(2): 46-9.
82. Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1998) Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums and Heritage, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
83. Kivisto, P. (2001) 'Theorizing transnational immigration: a critical review of current efforts', Ethnic and Racial Studies 24(4): 549-77.
84. Klemm, M. (2002) 'Tourism and ethnic minorities in Bradford: the invisible segment', Journal of Travel Research 41: 85-91.
85. Klemm, M. and Kelsey, S.J. (2002) 'Catering for a minority? Ethnic groups and the British travel industry', paper presented at Tourism Research 2002-An Interdisciplinary Conference in Wales, Cardiff.
86. Kraut, A. (1982) The Huddled Masses. The Immigrant in American Society, 1880-1921, Wheeling, IL: Harlan Davidson Inc.
87. Kugelmass, J. (1993) 'The rites of the tribe: the meaning of Poland for American Jewish tourists', in J. Kugelmass (ed.) YIVO Annual, vol. 21, Going Home, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.
88. Kugelmass, J. (1994) 'Why we go to Poland: Holocaust tourism as secular ritual', in J.E. Young (ed.) The Art of Memory: Holocaust Memorials in History, Munich: Prestel.
89. Lennon, J. and Foley, M. (2000) Dark Tourism. The Attraction of Death and Disaster, London: Continuum.
90. Levitt, P. and de la Dehesa, R. (2003) 'Transnational migration and the redefinition of the state: variations and explanations', Ethnic and Racial Studies 26(4): 587-611.
91. Li, Y. (2000) 'Ethnic tourism: a Canadian experience', Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 115-31.
92. Liu, J., Timur, A. and Var, T. (1984) 'Tourism income multipliers for Turkey', Tourism Management 5(4): 280-7.
93. Lowe, L. (1991) 'Heterogeneity, hybridity, multiplicity: marking Asian American differences', Diaspora 1(1): 24-44.
94. MacCannell, D. (1992) 'Empty meeting grounds', The Tourist Papers, London: Routledge.
95. Marshall, T.H. and Bottomore, T. (1992) Citizenship and Social Class, London: Pluto Press. (Updated edn. Original, T.H. Marshall, published under the same title in 1950, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).
96. McIntosh, R.W. and Goeldner, C.R. (1990) Tourism. Principles, Practices and Philosophies, 6th edn, New York: Wiley.
97. Meethan, K. (2002) 'Tourism, "Roots" and the Internet', paper presented at Tourism Research 2002-An Interdisciplinary Conference in Wales, Cardiff.
98. Meštrović, S.G. (1994) The Balkanization of the West. The Confluence of Postmodernism and Postcommunism, London: Routledge.
99. Mirzoeff, N. (2000) 'The multiple viewpoint', in N. Mirzoeff (ed.) Diaspora and Visual Culture. Representing Africans and Jews, London: Routledge.
100. Mitchell, K. (1997a) 'Different diasporas and the hype of hybridity', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 15: 533-53.
101. Mitchell, K. (1997b) 'Transnational discourse: bringing geography back in', Antipode 29(2): 101-14.
102. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. and Pride, R. (2002) 'Marketing to the Welsh diaspora: the appeal of hiraeth and homecoming', Journal of Vacation Marketing 9(1): 69-80.
103. Murphy, M. and Harty, S. (2003) 'Post-Sovereign Citizenship', Citizenship Studies 7(2): 181-97.
104. Moscardo, G. and Pearce, P.L. (1999) 'Understanding ethnic tourists', Annals of Tourism Research 26(2): 416-34.
105. Nash, C. (2002) 'Genealogical identities', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 20(1): 27-52.
106. Nguyen, T.H. and King, B. (1998) 'Migrant homecomings: Viet kieu attitudes towards travelling back to Vietnam', Pacific Tourism Review 1: 349-61.
107. Nurse, K. (1999) 'Globalization and Trinidad carnival: diaspora, hybridity and identity in global culture', Cultural Studies 13(4): 661-90.
108. Oigenblick, L. and Kirschenbaum, A. (2002) 'Tourism and immigration. Comparing alternative approaches', Annals of Tourism Research 29(4): 1086-1100.
109. Olsen, D. and Timothy, D. (2002) 'Contested religious heritage: differing views of Mormon heritage', Tourism Recreation Research 27(2): 7-15.
110. Ostrowski, S. (1991) 'Ethnic tourism: focus on Poland', Tourism Management 12(2): 125-31.
111. Park, C. (1994) Sacred Worlds. An Introduction to Geography and Religion, London: Routledge.
112. Papastergiadis, N. (2000) The Turbulence of Migration. Globalization, Deterritorialization and Hybridity, Oxford: Polity Press.
113. Partridge, C. (2003) 'How to make a Split decision: the war put tourists off the delights of this coast, but now the tide is turning', The Observer, 20 April 2003 (Cash section): 16.
114. Pearson, D. (2002) 'Theorizing citizenship in British settler societies', Ethnic and Racial Studies 25(6): 989-1012.
115. Philipp, S.F. (1994) 'Race and tourism choice. A legacy of discrimination?', Annals of Tourism Research 21(3): 479-88.
116. Picard, M. and Wood, R.E. (eds) (1997) Tourism, Ethnicity and the State in Asian and Pacific Societies, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
117. Pitchford, S. (1995) 'Ethnic tourism and nationalism in Wales', Annals of Tourism Research 22(1): 35-52.
118. Portes, A. (1999) 'Conclusion: toward a new world-the origins and effects of transnational activities', Ethnic and Racial Studies 22(2): 463-77.
119. Portes, A., Guarnizo, L.E. and Landholt, P. (1999) 'The study of transnationalism: pitfalls and promise of an emergent research field', Ethnic and Racial Studies 22(2): 217-37.
120. Radhakrishnan, R. (2003) 'Ethnicity in an age of diaspora', in J.E. Braziel and A. Mannur (eds) Theorizing Diaspora. A Reader, Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing.
121. Richards, G. and Bonink, C. (1995) 'Marketing cultural tourism in Europe', Journal of Vacation Marketing 1(2): 173-84.
122. Richards, G. and Hall, D. (eds) (2000) 'Introduction', Tourism and Sustainable Community Development, London: Routledge.
123. Riis, J. (1890) How the Other Half Lives, New York: Charles Scribners' Sons; reprinted (1997), Harmondsworth: Penguin.
124. Ryan, C. and Huyton, J. (2000a) 'Aboriginal tourism-a linear structural relations analysis of domestic and international tourism demand', International Journal of Tourism Research 2(1): 1-15.
125. Ryan, C. and Huyton, J. (2000b) 'Who is interested in Aboriginal tourism in the Northern Territory, Australia? A cluster analysis', Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8(1): 53-88.
126. Ryan, C. (1997) 'Maori and tourism: a relationship of history, constitutions and rites', Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5(4): 257-78.
127. Safran, W. (1991) 'Diasporas in modern societies: myths of homeland and return', Diaspora 1(1): 83-99.
128. Said, E. (1995) Orientalism. Western Conceptions of the Orient, London: Penguin Books, reprinted abridged edition, originally published in 1978.
129. Schlüter, R. (1999) 'Sustainable tourism development in South America: the case of Patagonia, Argentina', in D.G. Pearce and R.W. Butler (eds) Contemporary Issues in Tourism Development, London, Routledge.
130. Seaton, A.V. (2001) 'Sources of slavery-destinations of slavery: the silences and disclosures of slavery heritage in the UK and US', International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration 2(3/4): 107-29.
131. Shair, I.M. and Karan, P.P. (1979) 'Geography of the Islamic Pilgrimage', Geojournal 3(4): 599-608.
132. Shaw, G. and Williams, A.M. (2002) Critical Issues in Tourism, 2nd edn, Oxford: Blackwell.
133. Shaw, G. and Williams, A.M. (2004) Tourism, Tourists and Tourism Spaces, London: Sage (forthcoming).
134. Sheffer, G. (1986) 'A new field of study: modern diasporas in international politics', in F. Sheffer (ed.) Modern Diasporas in International Politics. London: Croom Helm.
135. Sheffer, G. (1995) 'The emergence of new Ethno-national diasporas', Migration. A European Journal of International Migration and Ethnic Relations (No. 28), 1995(2): 5-28.
136. Short, J.R. and Kim, Y-H. (1999) Globalization and the City, Harlow: Longman.
137. Shuval, J.T. (2000) 'Diaspora migration: definitional ambiguities and a theoretical paradigm', International Migration 38(5): 41-57.
138. Sinclair, M. (2002) City Pack: Chicago, Windsor: AA Publishing.
139. Smith, V.L. (ed.) (1978) Hosts and Guests. The Anthropology of Tourism, Oxford: Blackwell.
140. Soja, E. (1996) Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and Other Real-and-Imagined Places, Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
141. Stephenson, M. (2002) 'Travelling to the ancestral homelands: the aspirations and experiences of a UK Caribbean community', Current Issues in Tourism 5(5): 378-425.
142. Stephenson, M.L. and Hughes, H.L. (1995) 'Holidays and the UK Afro-Caribbean Community', Tourism Management 16(6): 429-35.
143. Tambini, D. (2001) 'Post-national citizenship', Ethnic and Racial Studies 24(2): 195-217.
144. Thanopoulos, J. and Walle, A.H. (1988) 'Ethnicity and its relevance to marketing: the case of tourism', Journal of Travel Research 26: 11-14.
145. Thrift, N. (2000) 'It's the little things', in K. Dodds and D. Atkinson (eds) Geopolitical Traditions: A Century of Geopolitical Thought, London: Routledge.
146. Timothy, D.J. (1997) 'Tourism and the personal heritage experience', Annals of Tourism Research 24(3): 751-4.
147. Timothy, D.J. (2002a) 'Diaspora and genealogy: the experience of personal heritage tourism', paper presented at Tourism Research 2002-An Interdisciplinary Conference in Wales, Cardiff.
148. Timothy, D.J. (2002b) 'Tourism and the growth of urban ethnic islands', in C.M. Hall and A.M. Williams (eds) Tourism and Migration: New Relationships between Production and Consumption, Dordrecht: Kluwer.
149. Tölölyan, K. (1991) 'The nation-state and its Others: in lieu of a preface', Diaspora 1(1): 3-7.
150. Tomljenovic, R. and Faulkner, B. (2000) 'Tourism and older residents in a sunbelt resort', Annals of Tourism Research 27(1): 93-114.
151. Urry, J. (1990) The Tourist Gaze. Leisure and Travel in Contemporary Societies, London: Sage.
152. Urry, J. (2000) Sociology Beyond Societies: Mobilities for the Twenty-First Century, London: Routledge.
153. van der Berghe, P.L. (1980) 'Tourism as ethnic relations: a case study of Cuzco, Peru', Ethnic and Racial Studies 3(4): 372-92.
154. van der Berghe, P.L. (1995) 'Marketing Mayas. Ethnic tourism promotion in Mexico', Annals of Tourism Research 22(3): 568-88.
155. van Hear, N. (1998) New Diasporas. The Mass Exodus, Dispersal and Regrouping of Migrant Communities, London: Routledge.
156. Vertovec, S. (1999) 'Conceiving and researching transnationalism', Ethnic and Racial Studies 22(2): 447-62.
157. Vukonic, B. (1996) Tourism and Religion, New York: Elsevier.
158. Wall, G. (1999) 'Partnerships involving indigenous peoples in the management of heritage sites', in M. Robinson and P. Boniface (eds) (1999) Tourism and Cultural Conflicts, Wallingford: CAB International.
159. Werbner, P. (2002) 'The place which is diaspora: citizenship, religion and gender in the making of chaordic transnationalism', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 28(1): 119-31.
160. Williams, A.M. and Hall, C.H. (2000a) 'Tourism and migration', Tourism Geographies 2(1): 2-4.
161. Williams, A.M. and Hall, C.H. (2000b) 'Tourism and migration: new relationships between production and consumption', Tourism Geographies 2(1): 5-27.
162. Williams, A.M., King, R. and Warnes, A. (1997) 'A place in the sun: international retirement migration from northern to southern Europe', European Urban and Regional Studies 4(2): 115-34.
163. Wood, R.E. (1998) 'Tourism ethnicity: a brief itinerary', Ethnic and Racial Studies 21(2): 218-41.
164. Zelinsky, W. (2001) The Enigma of Ethnicity. Another American Dilemma, Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
165. Zeppel, H. (1998) 'Come share our culture. Marketing Aboriginal tourism in Australia', Pacific Tourism Review 2(1): 67-82.