The great American education-industrial complex: Ideology, technology, and profit

The Great American Education-Industrial Complex: Ideology, Technology, and Profit

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages 1-190

  Picciano, Anthony G ^a   Spring, Joel ^b  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

^b CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905327280     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203120613     Document Type: Book

References (327)

1. Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2011). Going the distance: Online education in the United States, 2011. Babson College Survey Research Group and The Sloan Consortium. Retrieved from http://www.babson.edu/Academics/centers/blank-center/global-research/Pages/babson-survey-research-group.aspx
2. Aud, S., Hussar, W., Kena, G., Bianco, K., Frohlich, L., Kemp, J., & Tahan, K. (2011). The condition of education 2011 (NCES 2011-033). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
3. Barabasi, A. L. (2002). Linked: The new science of networks. Cambridge, MA: Perseus.
4. Brill, S. (2011). Class warfare: Inside the fight to fix America's schools [Kindle version]. New York: Simon & Schuster.
5. Brock, D. (2003). Blinded by the right. New York: Crown.
6. Counts, G. (1927). The social composition of boards of education: A study of the social control of public education. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
7. Cronin, J. (1973). The control of urban schools: Perspectives on the power of educational reformers. New York: Free Press.
8. Democrats for Education Reform. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dfer.org/about/
9. De Tocqueville, A. (1835). Democracy in America. Retrieved from http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/1_ch03.htm
10. Eisenhower, D. E. (1961). Farewell address. Public papers of the presidents (pp. 1035-1040). Retrieved from http://www.h-net.org/~hst306/documents/indust.htm
11. Gates, R. M. (2010, May 8). Remarks on defense spending. Retrieved from http://www.defense.gov/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1467
12. Gustin, S. (2011, February 11). Social media sparked, accelerated Egypt's revolutionary fire. Wired Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/02/egypts-revolutionary-fire/
13. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Military-industrial complex. Retrieved from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/military-industrial
14. New York Times. (2011). Schools for tomorrow-Bringing technology into the classroom. Retrieved from http://www.nytschoolsfortomorrow.com/speakers.html
15. Picciano, A. G. (1994). Technology and the evolving education-industrial complex. Computers in the Schools, 11(2), 85-101.
16. Picciano, A. G., & Seaman, J. (2010). Class connections: High school reform and the role of online learning. Babson Survey Research Group, Babson College. Retrieved from http://www3.babson.edu/ESHIP/research-publications/upload/Class_connections.pdf
17. Pintak, L. (2011). The new Arab journalist: Mission and identity in a time of turmoil. London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd.
18. Shane, S. (2011, January 29). Spotlight again falls on Web tools and change. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/weekinreview/30shane.html?_r=1&nl=todaysheadlines&emc=tha26
19. Spring, J. (2010). Political agendas for education (4th ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis.
20. Spring, J. (2011). The American school: A global context from the Puritans to the Obama Era, eighth edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
21. Tyack, D. (1974). The one best system: A history of American urban education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
22. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (2010). Digest of education statistics. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d10/
23. Watts, D. (2003). Six degrees: The science of a connected age. New York: Norton.
24. Wedel, J. (2009). Shadow elite: How the world's new power brokers undermine democracy: Government, and the free market. New York: Basic Books.
25. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. (2011, April 27). Gates foundation announces portfolio of innovative grants to develop new teaching and learning tools that support teachers and help students. Retrieved May 1, 2011, from Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: http://www.gates-foundation.org/press-releases/Pages/common-core-tools-110427.aspx
26. Broad Center. (2011). Record number of Broad Residents take on local, state, federal roles. Retrieved from http://broadresidency.org/asset/0-tbr%20national%20press%20release.pdf
27. Broad Foundation. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.broadfoundation.org/about_broads.html
28. Cisco. (2011, September). Welcome to the human network. Retrieved from http://www.cisco.com/web/IN/thehumannetwork/index.html
29. Digital Youth Network. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.digitalyouthnetwork.org/1-about/pages/1-overview
30. Dillon, S. (2011, May 21). Behind grass-roots advocacy, Bill Gates. New York Times, p. 1.
31. Dutta, S. a. (2011). The global information technology report 2010-2011. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
32. Dutta, S., Mia, I., & Geiger, T. (2011). The network readiness index 2010. In S. a. Dutta, The information technology report 2010-2011 (p. 3). Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
33. Fang, L. (2011, November 16). How online learning companies bought American schools. Retrieved from http://www.thenation.com/print/article/164651/how-online-learning-companies-bought-americas-schools
34. Florida Virtual School. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.flvs.net/areas/aboutus/Pages/default.aspx
35. Forbes. (2010). The world's billionaires #132 Eli Broad. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/10/billionaires-2010_Eli-Broad_599L.html
36. Foundation for Excellence in Education. (2011a). Digital learning now. Retrieved from http://www.excelined.org/DOCS/Digital%20Learning%20Learning%Now%20Report%20For%Governors.pdf
37. Foundation for Excellence in Education. (2011b). Meet the sponsors. Retrieved from http://www.excelined.org/Pages/Programs/Excellence_in_Action/Meet_the_Sponsors.aspx
38. Gates Foundation. (2011, April 27). Gates foundation announces portfolio of innovative grants to develop new teaching and learning tools that support teachers and help students. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/press-releases/Pages/common-core-tools-110427.aspx
39. Hagström, M. (2011). Transformation 2.0 for an effective social strategy. In S. a. Dutta, The global information technology report 2010-2011 (pp. 91-99). Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
40. iNACOL. (2009a, July). Advocacy: K-12 online learning: A smart investment NOW more than ever. Retrieved from http://www.inacol.org/advocacy/
41. iNACOL. (2009b, August). Advocacy: What can Congress and the federal government do to promote quality online learning opportunity for all students? Retrieved from http://www.inacol.org/advocacy/
42. iNACOL. (2011a). iNACOL President and CEO. Retrieved from http://www.inacol.org/about/president.php
43. iNACOL. (2011b). Members. Retrieved from http://www.inacol.org/membership/members.php
44. Institute of Play. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.instituteofplay.org/about/
45. IQuity. (2011). Welcome to IQuity. Retrieved from IQuity: http://www.iq-ity.com/index.aspx
46. Knewton. (2011). About Knewton. Retrieved from Knewton: http://www.knewton.com/about
47. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. Retrieved from http://www.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/107-110.pdf
48. OECD. (n.d.). The starter pack: Futures thinking in action. Retrieved from http://www.oecd.org/document/33/0,3343,en_2649_35845581_38981601_1_1_1_1,00.html
49. Pearson. (2011a). Education: Around the business. Retrieved from http://www.pearson.com/about-us/education/around-the-business
50. Pearson. (2011b). Pearson at a glance. Retrieved from http://www.pearson.com/about-us/pearson-at-a-glance
51. Pearson Education. (2011c). Pearson education. Retrieved from http://www.pearson.com/about-us/education
52. Pearson Foundation. (2011a). Home. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonfoundation.org
53. Pearson Foundation. (2011b, April 27). Pearson foundation partners with Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation to create digitial learning programs. Retrieved from http://www.pearsonfoundation.org/pr/20110427-pf-partners-with-gates-foundation-to-create-digital-learning-programs.html
54. Quest Atlantis. (2011). Welcome. Retrieved from http://atlantis.crlt.indiana.edu/site/view/Researchers#58
55. Reasoning Mind. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.reasoningmind.org/?mv=5
56. Reasoning Mind Technology Sponsors. (2011). Technology sponsors. Retrieved from http://www.reasoningmind.org/?mv=5
57. Rothkopf, D. (2008). Superclass: The global power elite and the world they are making. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
58. SAS.(2011a). About. Retrieved from http://www.sas.com
59. SAS. (2011b). Analytics. Retrieved from http://www.sas.com/technologies/analytics
60. SAS.. (2011c). Education. Retrieved from http://www.sas.com/industry/education/index.html
61. SAS EVAAS. (2011a). SAS EVAAS for K-12. Retrieved from http://www.sas.com/govedu/edu/k12/evaas/index.html#s1=1
62. SAS EVASS. (2011b). SAS EVAAS for k-12: System Requirements. Retrieved from http://www.sas.com/govedu/edu/k12/evaas/index.html#s1=4
63. Smith, E. (2009, January 8). Florida Department of Education: Florida virtual school as school choice. Retrieved from http://info.fldoe.org/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-5250/dps-2009-07.pdf.
64. Software & Information Industry Association. (2011a). About SIIA. Retrieved from http://www.siia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=159&Itemid=6
65. Software & Information Industry Association. (2011b). SIIA member programs & resources. Retrieved from http://www.siia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=64&Itemid=23
66. Software & Information Industry Association-Education. (2011). Education and the workforce. Retrieved from http://siia.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=641:education-a-workforce-development&catid=66:public-policy-overview&Itemid=710
67. Sorkin, A. (2011, January 24). A hefty price for entry to Davos. Retrieved from http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/a-hefty-price-for-entry-to-davos/?hp
68. Spring, J. (2011a). The American school: A global context from the Puritans to the Obama era (8th ed.). (chapters 6, 10, 13, 15). New York: McGraw-Hill.
69. Spring, J. (2011b). The politics of American education. New York: Routledge.
70. SRI. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.sri.com/about/
71. Stanford Center for Innovations in Learning. (2011). Roy Pea. Retrieved from http://scil.stanford.edu/about/staff/bios/pea.html
72. Teachscape. (2011). Board of directors. Retrieved from http://www.teachscape.com/html/ts/nps/board_of_directors.html
73. Trip, G. (2011, April 26). Jeb Bush leads broad push for educational change with "Florida Formula." Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/27/education/27bush.html?ref=todayspaper
74. U.S. Department of Education. (2010). National education technology plan 2010: Transforming American education: Learning powered by technology. Washington, DC: Author.
75. U.S. Department of Education. (2011a). James H. Shelton III, Assistant Deputy Secretary for Innovation and Placement-biography. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/news/staff/bios/shelton.html
76. U.S. Department of Education. (2011b, May). Karen Cator, Director of the Office of Educational Technology-biography. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/news/staff/bios/cator.html
77. VIP Tone. (2011). About. Retrieved from http://www.viptone.com/about.html
78. Walton Foundation. (2011). K-12 Education reform. Retrieved from http://www.waltonfamily-foundation.org/educationreform/index.asp
79. Wedel, J. (2009). Shadow elite: How the world's new power brokers undermine democracy. New York: Basic Books.
80. Winerip, M. (2011, September 19). When free trips overlap with commercial purposes. New York Times, p. A15.
81. World Economic Forum. (2011a). About us: History. Retrieved from http://www.weforum.org/history
82. World Economic Forum. (2011b). Education. Retrieved from http://www.weforum.org/issues/education
83. World Economic Forum. (2011c). Empowering people and transforming society: The world economic forum's technology pioneers 2011. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
84. World Economic Forum MENA. (2010). Global education initiative: MENA roundtable on entrepreneurship education Marrakech, Morocco. Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum.
85. World Economic Forum New Champions. (2011). New solutions: Closing the education gap. Retrieved from http://www.weforum.org/sessions/summary/new-solutions-closing-education-gap.pdf
86. Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2011). Going the distance: Online education in the United States, 2011. Babson College Survey Research Group and The Sloan Consortium. Retrieved from http://www.babson.edu/Academics/centers/blank-center/global-research/Pages/babson-survey-research-group.aspx
87. Bender, B. (December 26, 2010). In large numbers, and with few rules, retiring generals are taking lucrative defense-firm jobs. The Boston Globe. Retrieved from http://articles.boston.com/2010-12-26/news/29319170_1_generals-defense-firms-private-sector
88. Campuzano, L., Dynarski, M., Agodini, R., & Rall, K. (2009). Effectiveness of reading and mathematics software products: Findings from two cohorts (NCEE 2009-4041). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.
89. Christ, L. (March 16, 2011). More schools passing up DOE database. NY1. Retrieved from http://www.ny1.com/content/news_beats/education/135696/more-schools-passing-up-doe-database-part-1
90. Christensen, C. (2011). The innovator's dilemma: The revolutionary book that will change the way you do iBusiness. New York: HarperBusines.
91. Christensen, C. M., Horn, M. B., & Johnson, C. W. (2008). Disrupting class: How innovation will change the way the world learns. New York: McGraw-Hill.
92. Cuban, L. (2000, February 23). Is spending money on technology worth it? Education Week, 19(24), 42.
93. Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
94. Dynarski, M., Agodini, R., Heaviside, S., Novak, T., Carey, T., Campuzano, L., Sussex, W. (2007). Effectiveness of reading and mathematics software products: Findings from the first student cohort (NCEE 2007-4005). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Institute of Education Sciences.
95. Florida, R., Kaimal, G., Oblinger, D., & Blessing. L. (2003). How generations X and Y (Millennials) will reshape higher education. Society for College and University Planning, Virtual Seminar. Retrieved from http://www.scup.org/profdev/archive_cds/gen_x-y.html
96. Gotbaum, B. (2009). ARIS on the side of caution: A survey of New York City principals on the city's accountability computer system. Retrieved from http://publicadvocategotbaum.com/pages/documents/ARISFINAL.pdf
97. Graham, C., & Robinson, R. (2007). Realizing the transformational potential of blended learning: Comparing cases of transforming blends and enhancing blends in higher education. In A. G. Picciano & C. Dzuiban (Eds.), Blended learning: Research perspectives. Needham, MA: The Sloan Consortium.
98. Hudson Institute. (2011). Leadership. Retrieved from http://www.hudson.org/learn/index.cfm?fuseaction=hudson_leadership
99. Kain, E. D. (2011). New York State Dept. of Education awards $27M no-bid contract to Murdoch-owned Wireless Generation. Forbes. Retrieved from http://blogs.forbes.com/erikkain/2011/06/09/new-york-state-dept-of-education-awards-27m-no-bid-contract-to-news-corp-company/
100. Keilman, J. (April 24, 2011). Online learning for Illinois high schoolers inspires praise, suspicion. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved from http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-04-24/news/ct-met-onlineclass-20110424_1_effectiveness-of-online-courses-innosight-institute-online-classes
101. Lovett, K. (August 27, 2011). State hacks ed contract with Murdoch firm. The New York Daily News, p. 21.
102. Nagel, D. (May 19, 2010). Education IT to grow $2.5 billion. Campus Technology. Retrieved from http://campustechnology.com/articles/2010/05/19/education-it-to-grow-2.5-billion.aspx
103. Nagel, D. (September 18, 2008). Education technology spending to top $56 billion by 2012. T.H.E. Journal. Retrieved from http://www.thejournal.com/articles/23299
104. National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A nation at risk. Washington, DC: Author.
105. New York Public School Parents. (June 2011). Another super-mugging? NY State Education Department to award $27 no-bid contract to Joel Klein and Rupert Murdoch. Retrieved from http://nycpublicschoolparents.blogspot.com/2011/06/another-super-mugging-ny-state.html
106. Otterman, S. (2011, March 29). In City schools, tech spending to rise despite cuts. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/30/nyregion/30schools.html
107. Park, J., & Staresina, L. (2004, May 6). Tracking U.S. trends. Education Week, 23(35), 64-67.
108. Perelman, L. (1992). School's out: Hyperlearning, the new technology, and the end of education. New York: Morrow.
109. Phillips, A. M. (2012, January 23). Audit finds limited use of City's data system. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/schoolbook/2012/01/23/citys-data-system-is-being-underused-liu-audit-finds/?scp=1&sq=john%20liu%20ARIS&st=cse
110. Picciano, A. G., & Seaman, J. (2010). Class connections: High school reform and the role of online learning. Needham, MA: Babson College Survey Research Group. Retrieved from http://www3.babson.edu/ESHIP/research-publications/upload/Class_connections.pdf
111. Raney, M. J. (1997, Fall). Interview with Lewis Perelman. Technos Quarterly, 6(3). Retrieved from http://www.ait.net/technos/tq_06/3perelman.php
112. Richtel, M. (September 3, 2011). In classroom of the future, stagnant scores. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/04/technology/technology-in-schools-faces-questions-on-value.html?pagewanted=6&nl=todaysheadlines&emc=tha2
113. Rogers, M., Oblinger, D., & Hartman, J. (2007). Education in exponential times: How technology-enabled change is reshaping higher education. Society for College and University Planning Webcast. Retrieved from www.lib.washington.edu/about/vision2010/2007initiativesupdates/Vision2010Undergraduates.ppt
114. Santos, F. (2010, November 23). News Corp., after hiring Klein, buys technology partner in a city schools project. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/24/nyregion/24newscorp.html
115. Sarason, S. (1995). Parental involvement and the political principle: Why the existing governance structure of schools should be abolished. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
116. Sherry, M. (1990). An EPIE Institute report: Integrated instructional systems. Technological Horizons in Education, 18(2), 86-89.
117. Sourcewatch. (2010, December 1,). Hudson Institute. Retrieved from http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Hudson_Institute
118. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Educational Technology. (2010). Transforming American education: Learning powered by technology. Washington, DC: Author.
119. U.S. Department of Education, Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Policy Development. (2010). Evaluation of evidence-based practices in online learning: A meta-analysis and review of Online learning studies, Washington, DC: Author.
120. Adarle, S. (January 27, 2012). Judge orders Newark to release document list on Facebook donation. NewarkPatch. Retrieved from http://newarknj.patch.com/articles/judge-orders-newark-to-release-documents-on-facebook-donation.
121. BOOK IT! (2012). You are your child's first reader. Retrieved from http://www.bookitprogram.com/Parents/about.asp
122. Chronicle of Philanthropy (2012, January 29). Consultants top recipients so far of Newark Facebook money. Retrieved from http://philanthropy.com/blogs/philanthropytoday/consultants-top-recipients-so-far-of-newark-facebook-money/41537
123. Connections Academy. (2011, September 15). Pearson acquires Connections Education. Retrieved from http://www.connectionsacademy.com/news/pearson-acquisition.aspx
124. CTB/McGraw-Hill. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.ctb.com/ctb.com/control/ourHeritageAction?p=aboutUs
125. EdisonLearning. (2011a, November 9). About EdisonLearning. Retrieved from http://edisonlearning.com/index.php?q=about-edisonlearning
126. EdisonLearning. (2011b, November 12). Alliance-school turnaround service. Retrieved from http://edisonlearning.com/alliance-school-turnaround-model
127. EdisonLearning. (2011c, November 12). Learning force. Retrieved from http://edisonlearning.com/learning-force
128. EdisonLearning. (2011d, November 12). Products and services. Retrieved from http://edisonlearning.com/products-services
129. Educate Online. (2011e, December 12). Our programs. Retrieved from http://www.educate-online.com/#/our_programs/k12_academic_intervention/how_educate_online_works
130. Education Industry Association. (2010a). Middle class tax incentives for tutoring. Retrieved from http://www.educationindustry.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=51:middle-class-tax-incentives-for-tutoring&catid=19:news-and-policy
131. Education Industry Association. (2010b, March 2). SES/Public Policy. Retrieved from http:www.educationindustry.org/tier.asp?sid=2
132. Education Industry Association. (2011a, January). EIA's 11th Annual Education Industry Days Legislative Conference. Enterprising Educators: The Education Industry Association's Monthly Publication, p. 3.
133. Education Industry Association. (2011b, December 5). Make history on December 6, 2011 by helping launch global initiative for education entrepreneurs. Retrieved from http://www.educationindustry.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=77:icee-meeting-istanbul-turkey&catid=19:news-and-policy&Itemid=158
134. Education Industry Association. (2011c, December 11). Mission and goals. Retrieved from http://www.educationindustry.org/mission-and-goals
135. Education Industry Association. (2011d, January). New faces at EIA. Enterprising Educators: The Education Industry Association's Monthly Publication, p. 5.
136. Education Industry Association. (2011e, December 5). SES coalition. Retrieved from http://www.educationindustry.org/ses-coalition
137. Education Industry Association. (2011f, December 5). Who we are. Retrieved from http://www.educationindustry.org/who-we-are
138. Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. In S. B. Mosher (Ed.), ESEA: The Office of Education administers a law (pp. 235-266). Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.
139. Entrepreneur Magazine. (2010, March 12). Kumon math and reading centers: Supplemental education. Retrieved from http://www.entrepreneur.com/franchises/kumonmathandreading-centers/282507-0.html
140. Ewen, S. (1996). PR! A social history of sprin. New York: Basic Books.
141. Field Trip Factory. (2010a). Real learning meets real life at the Field Trip Factory. Retrieved from http://www.fieldtripfactory.com/tour-factory/who-we-are
142. Field Trip Factory. (2010b). Speak out. It's your earth. Enviromental Programs. Retrieved from http://www.fieldtripfactory.com/ralphsearthday
143. Field Trip Factory. (2010c). Nutrition detective. Retrieved from http://www.fieldtripfactory.com/peapod
144. Friedman, M. (1962). Capital and freedom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
145. Hayek, F. (1962). The road to serfdom. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
146. Hu, W. (December 17, 2010). Christie picks Klein ally for New Jersey Schools. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/18/nyregion/18cerf.html
147. K12. Inc. (2011, December 12). Online public schools. Retrieved from http://www.k12.com/schools-programs/online-public-schools
148. Kaplan. (2009). History. Retrieved from http://www.kaplan.com/about-kaplan/history
149. Kaplan. (2011, November 15). Kaplan K12 learning services and K12 partner to maximize college preparation. Retrieved from http://www.kaplan.com/newsroom/Pressreleases/Pages/PressReleases.aspx?ID=647
150. Kumon Learning Centers. (2011, December 12). Franchise home. Retrieved from http://www.kumonfranchise.com/
151. McGraw-Hill Companies. (2010). A smarter, better world: 2009 annual report. New York: McGraw-Hill.
152. McGraw-Hill Companies. (2011). What does it take to succeed in the knowledge economy?: 2010 annual report. New York: McGraw-Hill.
153. Molnar, A. (2005). School commercialization: From democratic ideal to market commodity. New York: Routledge.
154. National Center for Education Statistics. (2010). The condition of education 2010. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
155. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. (2002, January 8). Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/elsec/leg/esea02/index.html
156. Pearson. (2010a, September 15). Danville, Virginia School District chooses Pearson as school turnaround partner. Retrieved from http://www.pearsoned.com/danville-virginia-school-district-chooses-pearson-as-school-turnaround-partner/
157. Pearson. (2010b). Open to learn: Pearson annual report and accounts 2010. London: Pearson.
158. PepsiCo. (2011). PepsiCo global policy on the sale of beverages to schools. Retrieved from http://www.pepsico.com/download/PepsiCo_Global_Policy_On_The_Sale_Of_Beverages_To_Schools.pdf
159. Popovich, N. (2010, March 18). Pepsi to restrict caloric drinks in schools worldwide. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2010/03/pepsi_global_school_soda_polic.html
160. Princeton Review. (2011). 2010 annual report. Farmingham, MA: Author.
161. Princeton Review. (2012). About the Princeton Review. Retrieved from http://www.princetonre-view.com/about-us.aspx
162. Princeton Review Foundation. (2011). About us. Retrieved from http://www.princetonreview.com/corporate/foundation.aspx
163. Saltman, K. (2005). The Edison schools: Corporate schooling and the assault on public education. New York: Routledge.
164. Saul, S. (2011, December 12). Profits and questions at online charter schools. New York Times, pp. A1, A24-25.
165. Spring, J. (2010). Political agendas for education (4th ed.).New York: Routledge.
166. Star-Ledger Staff (2011, March 13). N.J. acting schools chief faces questions about transparency, imperiling his confirmation. Newark Star-Ledger. Retrieved from http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/nj_acting_education_commission.html
167. Sylvan Learning. (2011a, December 12). Sylvan builds the skills, habits and attitudes your child needs for lifelong success. Retrieved from http://tutoring.sylvanlearning.com/tutoring_programs.cfm
168. Tennessee Virtual Academy. (2011, December 12). Who we are. Retrieved from http://www.k12.com/tnva/who-we-are
169. U.S. Department of Education. (2010, March 17). Retrieved from http://find.ed.gov/search?q=supplemental+education+services&client=default_frontend&output=xml_no_dtd&proxystylesheet=default_frontend&sa.x=18&sa.y=11&ie=UTF-8&ip=74.101.47.5&access=p&entqr=3&entsp=a&oe=UTF-8&ud=1&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1
170. Washington Post. (2011). 2010 Annual Report. Washington, DC: Author.
171. Wilwohl, J. (2011, August 24). ACLU sues Newark for details of $100M Facebook cash. NewarkPatch. Retrieved from http://newarknj.patch.com/articles/aclu-sues-newark-for-details-of-100m-facebook-cash
172. American Public University. (2010). American Public University to expand higher education opportunities for Wal-Mart Associates. Retrieved from http://www.apus.edu/news-events/news/2010/06-03-10-apu-walmart-partnership.htm
173. Burd, S. (2011, April 28). Democratic bigwigs cash in on for-profit college lobbying blitz. Higher Ed Watch Blog from the New American Higher Education Initiative. Retrieved from http://higheredwatch.newamerica.net/blogposts/2011/democratic_bigwigs_cash_in_on_for_profit_college_lobbying_blitz-49471
174. Cheaters sometimes win. (2011, October 15). [Editorial]. New York Post. Retrieved from http://www.nypost.com/p/news/opinion/editorials/cheaters_sometimes_win_LVQR6EVGE32UnyKKpQZ62L
175. Clabaugh, G. K., & Rozycki, E. G. (1990). Understanding schools: The foundations of education. New York: Harper & Row.
176. Cole, J. R. (2009). The great American university. New York: Public Affairs.
177. Dillon, S. (March 1, 2006). Online colleges receive a boost from Congress. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/01/national/01educ.html?pagewanted=all
178. Edelman, S. (2011, October 22). "Remedial class" nightmare at CUNY. New York Post. Retrieved from http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/remedial_class_nightmare_at_cuny_5JruiGppYWONCT1gE5xcyL
179. Education Trust. (2009). About the Education Trust. Retrieved from http://www.edtrust.org/dc/about
180. Glod, M. (2008, June 13). Mandated tutoring not helping MD, VA scores. Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/12/AR2008061203681.html
181. Golden, D. (2009, December 30). For-profit colleges target the military. Bloomberg Business Newsweek. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/10_02/b4162036095366.ht
182. Gootman, E., & Coutts, S. (2008, April 11). Lacking credits, some students learn a shortcut. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/11/education/11graduation.html
183. Kinser, K. (2006). From Main Street to Wall Street: The transformation of for-profi t higher education (ASHE Higher Education Report, Vol. 31, no. 5). Hoboken, NJ: Association for the Study of Higher Education.
184. Kirkham, C. (2011a, April 25). For-profit colleges mount unprecedented battle for influence in Washington. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/25/for-profit-colleges_n_853363.html?page=1
185. Kirkham, C. (2011b, July 29) John Boehner backed deregulation of online learning, leading to explosive growth at for-profit colleges. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffing-tonpost.com/2011/07/29/john-boehner-for-profit-colleges_n_909589.html?page=1
186. Knepper, E. G. (1941). History of business education in the United States. Ann Arbor, MI: Edward Brothers.
187. Kutz. G. A. (2010, August 4). Testimony before the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, U.S. Senate. Based on a report: For-Profi t Colleges: Undercover Testing Finds Colleges Encouraged Fraud and Engaged in Deceptive and Questionable Marketing Practices. Washington, DC: U.S. Government General Accountability Office. Retrieved from http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d10948t.pdf
188. Lictblau, E. (2012, January 15). Romney offers praise for a donor's business. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/us/politics/mitt-romney-offers-praise-for-a-donors-business.html?_r=1&nl=todaysheadlines&emc=tha2
189. Lynch, M., Engle, J., & Cruz, J. L. (2010). Subprime opportunity: The unfulfilled promise of for-profit colleges and universities. Washington, DC: Education Trust. Retrieved from http://www.edtrust.org/dc/Subprime
190. Media Matters for America. (2006, January 5). Despite controversial comments and GAO investigation, Bill Bennett reportedly joining CNN as political analyst. Media Matters. Retrieved from http://mediamatters.org/research/200601050002
191. Metcalf, S. (2002). Reading between the lines. The Nation. Retrieved from http://www.the-nation.com/article/reading-between-lines?page=0,0
192. Miron, G., Urschel, J. L., Yat Aguilar, M. A., & Dailey, B. (2011). Profiles of for-profi t and non-profit education management organizations: Thirteenth annual report-2010-2011. Boulder, CO: National Education Policy Center. Retrieved from http://nepc.colorado.edu/publication/EMO-profiles-10
193. Moe, M. T., Bailey, K., & Lau, R. (1999). The book of knowledge. San Francisco, CA: Merrill Lynch. Retrieved from http://news.heartland.org/newspaper-article/1999/10/01/book-knowledge
194. National Research Council. (2011). Incentives and test-based accountability in education. In M. Hout & S. W. Elliot (Eds.), Committee and test-based accountability in public education, Board on Testing and Assessment, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
195. Pearson. (2010). Invitation to participate in the ADP Algebra II end-of-course exam-Spring 2010. Retrieved from http://www.nj.gov/education/assessment/hs/alg/NJAlgebraIISpring-2010Invitationletter.pdf
196. Picciano, A. G., & Seaman, J. (2010). Class connections: High school reform and the role of online learning. Needham, MA: Babson College Survey Research Group. Retrieved from http://www3.babson.edu/ESHIP/research-publications/upload/Class_connections.pdf
197. Providence Equity. (2008). Retrieved from http://www.provequity.com/about_us/index.asp?Section=1,0,0
198. Scher, A., & Burchard, S. (2009). Bush profiteers collect billions from No Child Left Behind. Retrieved from http://www.projectcensored.org/top-stories/articles/12-bush-profiteers-collect-billions-from-no-child-left-behind/
199. Topol, B., Olson, J., & Roeber, E. (2010). The cost of new higher quality assessments: A comprehensive analysis of the potential costs for future state assessments. Stanford, CA: Stanford University, Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education.
200. Tucker, B. (2010, February 7). For-profit colleges change higher education's landscape. Chronicle of Higher Education. Retrieved from http://chronicle.com/article/For-Profit-Colleges-Change/64012/
201. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. (1993). 120 years of American education: A statistical portrait. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs93/93442.pdf
202. Wilson, R. (2011, October 11). The truth about testing costs. Education Week. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2011/10/12/07tucker.h31.html?tkn=OQUF9Q%2Fq1Md5IMYEvUliV39KrQN8djmgSk%2B3&print=1
203. Winerip, M. (2011a, October 24). In college, working hard to learn high school material. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/24/education/24winerip.html?ref=nyregion
204. Winerip, M. (2011b, September 18). When free trips overlap with commercial purposes. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/19/education/19winerip.html?scp=1&sq=Pearson&st=cse
205. Adamiec, E. (2011, October 20). Senate guts school accountabiltity. Retrieved from http://progressivepolicy.org/senate-guts-school-accountability
206. American Enterprise Institute. (2011). American Enterprise Institute: 2011 annual report. Washington, DC: Author..
207. American Enterprise Institute (2012a). Frederick Hess. Retrieved from http://www.aei.org/scholar/frederick-m-hess/
208. American Enterprise Institute. (2012b). AEI's organization and purposes. Retrieved from http://www.aei.org/about/
209. Barkan, J. (Winter 2011). Got dough? How billionaires rule our schools. Dissent. Retrieved from http://www.dissentmagazine.org/article/?article=3781
210. Burke, L. (2010, August 10). The assault on for-profit universities. Retrieved from http://blog.heritage.org/2010/08/10/the-assault-on-for-profit-universities/?query=The+Assault+on+For-Profit+Universities
211. Carnegie, A. (1889). The gospel of wealth. Retrieved from http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/pdocs/carnegie_wealth.pdf
212. Cities for Education Enterprenuership Trust and the Thomas B. Fordham Institute. (2011). Better choices: Charter incubation as a strategy for improving the charter school sector. Washington, DC: Thomas B. Fordham Institute.
213. Dillon, S. (2011a, April 27). Foundations join to offer online courses for schools. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/28/education/28gates.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=tha26
214. Dillon, S. (2011b, May 21). Behind grass-roots school advocacy, Bill Gates. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/22/education/22gates.html?_r=2&adxnnl=1&pagewanted=print&adxnnlx=1322465423-YRvgm8zUXA0JGY0doaKfGA
215. Evers, W. (2010). American education in 2030: Standards and competitive rigor. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University.
216. Finn, C. (2010). American education 2030: School choice. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University.
217. Florida State University. (2011, July). Koch Foundation memorandum of understanding. In Faculty Senate ad hoc Committee review report. Retrieved from http://president.fsu.edu/downloads/Full_Report.pdf
218. Fordham Institute. (2012). The Fordham mission. Retrieved from http://www.edexcellence.net/about-us/fordham-mission.html
219. Friedman, M. (1978). Preface. In W. Simon, A Time for Truth (p. xii). New York: Readers Digest Press.
220. Greenblatt, A. (2011, April 27). Billionaires in the classroom. Governing the States and Localities. Retrieved from http://www.governing.com/topics/education/billionaires-in-the-classroom.html#
221. Greene, J., & Symonds, W. C. (2006. June 26). Bill Gates gets schooled. Business Week. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/06_26/b3990001.htm
222. Hammond, B., & Lednicer, L.G. (2008, June 23). Small-school experiment doesn't live up to hopes. Seattle Times. Retrieved from http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/education/2008012076_smallschools23.html
223. Heritage Foundation. (2011). Issues 2010: Candidates briefi ng book. Washington, DC: Author.
224. Heritage Foundation. (2012). About us. Retrieved from http://www.heritage.org/about
225. Hoover Institute. (2012a). Task force and working groups: American education 2030. Retrieved from http://www.hoover.org/taskforces/education/AE2030
226. Hoover Institute. (2012b). Koret task force. Retrieved from http://www.hoover.org/taskforces/education
227. Hoover Institute. (2012c). K-12 Education task for members appear on Rick Hess's top scholars list. Retrieved from http://www.hoover.org/news/103886
228. Hoover Institute. (2012d). Williamson Evers. Retrieved from http://www.hoover.org/fellows/10136
229. Hundley, K. (May 10, 2011). Billionaire's role in hiring decisions at Florida State University raises questions. Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved from http://www.tampabay.com/news/business/billionaires-role-in-hiring-decisions-at-florida-state-university-raises/1168680
230. Jenning, J. L., & Pallis, A. M. (2010). Do New York City's new small schools enroll students with diff erent characteristics from other NYC Schools? Providence, RI: The Annenberg Institute for School Reform, Brown University.
231. Leibell, D. T. (2009, December 30). Gates embraces philanthro-capitalism: The world's largest private foundation bets big on venture philanthropy. Retrieved from http://trustsandestates.com/wealth_watch/gates-foundation-venture-philanthropy1230/
232. Letts, C. W., Ryan, W., & Grossman, A. (1997, March-April,). Virtuous capital: What foundations can learn from venture capitalists. Harvard EducationBusiness Review, 36-44. Retrieved from http://www.halftime.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/Virtuous_Capital_HB.pdf
233. Levine, M. (2011, September). The digital teaching corps. Retrieved from http://progressivepolicy.org/?s=21st+century+schools
234. Lewis, S. (1922). The goose step. Pasadena, CA: Author.
235. Lewis, S. (1924). The goslings. Pasadena, CA: Author.
236. Lubove, S., & Staley, O. (2011, May 14). College gifts now coming with strings attached. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/college-gifts-now-coming-with-strings-attached/2011/05/08/AF9TEf3G_story.html
237. National Association of Charter School Authorizers. (2012). Funders. Retrieved from http://www.qualitycharters.org/about/sponsors
238. National Association of Charter School Authorizers. (2012). Mission. Retrieved from http://www.qualitycharters.org/about/mission-2
239. Otterman, S. (2011, August 29). Subsidiary of News Corp. loses deal with state. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/30/education/30wireless.html
240. Porter, M. E., & Kramer, M. R. (1999, November). Philanthropy's new agenda: Creating value. Harvard Education Review. Retrieved from http://hbr.org/1999/11/philanthropys-new-agenda-creating-value/ar/1
241. Progressive Policy Institute. (2011, September 14). PPI statement on empowering parents through Quality Charter School Act. Retrieved from http://progressivepolicy.org/ppi-statement-on-empowering-parents-through-quality-charter-schools-act
242. Progressive Policy Institute. (2012a). New schools for the twentieth century. Retrieved from http://progressivepolicy.org/education-reform
243. Progressive Policy Institute. (2012b). Who we are. Retrieved from http://progressivepolicy.org/about-us/who-we-are
244. Ravitch, D. (2010). The death and life of the great American school system. New York: Perseus.
245. Ricci, D. (1993). The transformation of American politics: The new Washington and the rise of think tanks. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
246. Rich, A. (2004). Think tanks, public policy, and the politics of expertise [Kindle version]. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
247. Simon, W. (1978). A time for truth. New York: Readers Digest Press.
248. Smith, J. (1991). The idea brokers and the rise of the new policy elite. New York: Free Press.
249. Visconti, V., & Thiam, S. (2009, December 3). Race to the top podcast: Diane Ravitch questions the new role. Retrieved from http://learningmatters.tv/blog/podcasts/race-to-the-top-podcast-play-money/3428/
250. Walton Family Foundation. (2012). 4.0 SCHOOLS. Retrieved from http://www.waltonfamily-foundation.org/grantees/4.0-schools
251. Washburn, J. (2005). University, Inc. New York: Basic Books.
252. Weiss, J. (March 31, 2011). The innovation mismatch: "Smart capital" and education innovation. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from http://blogs.hbr.org/innovations-in-education/2011/03/the-innovation-mismatch-smart.html
253. Alexander, G. (2010). Academic fi lms for the classroom: A history. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
254. Amazon. (2012a). Teletubbies dolls. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/gp/search/ref=sr_st_scat_phl_165793011?rh=n%3A165793011%2Ck%3Ateletubbies+dolls&sort=-price&keywords=teletubbies+dolls&ie=UTF8&qid=1328214602&scn=165793011&h=a389d34fe0ad4870b8186ba4a3c264beceda8a54
255. Amazon. (2012b). Kermit the frog puppet replica. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Kermit-Frog-Photo-Puppet-Replica/dp/B000J680AM/ref=sr_1_1?s=toys-and-games&ie=UTF8&qid=1328279173&sr=1-1
256. Amazon. (2012c). Sesame Street Elmo room in box 5 pc. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/SESAME-STREET-ORGANIZER-ASSEMBLY-REQUIRED/dp/B001KZBMK6/ref=sr_1_3?s=toys-and-games&ie=UTF8&qid=1328279173&sr=1-3
257. Amazon. (2012d). Tellytummy Teletubbies-La La doll toy. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Tellytummy-Teletubbies-Doll-Toy/dp/B003WUKQEK/ref=sr_1_1?s=toys-and-games&ie=UTF8&qid=1328214849&sr=1-1
258. Amazon. (2012e). Tomy Teletubbies dance with me Teletubby lala doll toy. Retrieved from http://www.amazon.com/Tomy-Teletubbies-Dance-Teletubby-Doll/dp/B002RJESPA/ref=sr_1_2?s=toys-and-games&ie=UTF8&qid=1328214849&sr=1-2
259. AMD. (2012a). About AMD. Retrieved from http://www.amd.com/us/aboutamd/Pages/AboutAMD.aspx
260. AMD. (2012b). AMD foundation. Retrieved from http://www.amd.com/us/aboutamd/corporate-information/corporate-responsibility/community/foundation/Pages/information.aspx
261. Apple. (2011a). Apple in education. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/education/ipad/
262. Apple. (2011b). Thousands of apps. Endless potential. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/education/apps/
263. Apple. (2011c). iBooks textbooks for iPad. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/education/ibooks-textbooks/
264. Aylesworth, M. (1934). Radio as a means of public enlightenment. In National Education Association, Proceedings (pp. 99-102). Washington, DC: National Education Association.
265. Baugham, J. (1985). Television's guardians: The FCC and the politics of programming, 1958-1967. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press.
266. BlackBerry. (2011). Appworld: "TVOKids Polka Dot Shorts." Retrieved from http://appworld.BlackBerry.com/webstore/content/26663?lang=en
267. Carnegie Commission on Education Television. (1967). Public television: A program for action. New York: Harper & Row.
268. Epsilen. (2012). About. Retrieved from Epsilen: http://corp.epsilen.com/about/
269. Fisher-Price. (2012). Online games & activities. Retrieved from http://www.fisher-price.com/fp.aspx?st=30&e=gameslanding&mcat=game_infant,game_toddler,game_preschool&site=us
270. Gates Foundation. (2011). Grants. Retrieved from http://www.gatesfoundation.org/Grants-2010/Pages/New-York-University-OPP1019503.aspx
271. Gerstl-Pepin, C. (2002). Cynthia I. GeMedia (mis)representations of education in the 2000 presidential election. Education Policy, 16, 37-55.
272. Graham, N. (1914). Discussion. In National Education Association, Proceedings (p. 746). Ann Arbor: National Education Association.
273. Gunter, B., Oates, C., & Blades, M. (2005). Advertising to children on TV: Content, impact, and regulation. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
274. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. (2011). Executive leadership. Retrieved from http://www.hmhco.com/leadership.html
275. Hu, W. (2011, January 4). Math that moves: Schools embrace the iPad. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/05/education/05tablets.html?sq=iPadschools&st=nyt&scp=1&pagewanted=print
276. Ito, M. (2009). Engineering play: A cultural history of children's software. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
277. Joy, J. (1927). Motion pictures in their relation to the school child. In National Education Association, Proceedings (pp. 964-969). Washington, DC: National Education Association.
278. Judd, C. (1923). Report of Committee to Cooperate with National Education Association, Proceedings (pp. 243-244). Washington, DC: National Education Association.
279. JumpStart. (2011). Preschool magic of learning. Retrieved from http://ax.itunes.apple.com/us/app/jumpstart-preschool-magic/id395058540
280. Knowledge Adventure. (2011). Financing history. Retrieved from http://www.knowledgeadventure.com/CompanyInfo.htm
281. Learning Company, The (2011). History of Carmen Sandiego brand. Retrieved from http://carmensandiego.com/hmh/site/carmen/home/articles?article=2560
282. Linn, S. (2004). Consuming kids: Protecting our children from the onslaught of marketing and advertising. New York: Anchor Books.
283. Milligan, H. (1938). Mrs. Harold Milligan. In C. Marsh (Ed.), Educational broadcasting 1937 (pp. 258-261). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago.
284. Morgan, J. (1934). A national culture: By-product or objective of national planning? In National Education Association, Proceedings (pp. 29-36). Washington, DC: National Education Association.
285. New York Times. (2012a). Knowledge network. Retrieved from http://www.nytimesknownow.com/
286. New York Times. (2012b). Take an online course with the New York Times and see where that course takes you. In The New York Times Knowledge Network Winter and Summer 2012 Catalog. New York: Author.
287. New York Times. (2012c). About us. Retrieved from http://www.nytimesknownow.com/index.php/about-us/
288. New York Times. (2012d). All courses. Retrieved from http://www.nytimesknownow.com/index.php/category/subject/all-courses/
289. Olesen, P. (1914). Discussion. In National Education Association, Proceedings (p. 747). Ann Arbor, MI: National Education Association.
290. Paley, W. (1934, October 17). Radio as a cultural force. CBS Reference Library. New York: CBS Reference Library.
291. PBS Educational Media, Shop. (2012). PBS teacher shop. Retrieved from http://teacher.shop.pbs.org/family/index.jsp?categoryId=3710164
292. PBS Educational Media, Shop. (2012). Educator's top picks. Retrieved from http://teacher.shop.pbs.org/family/index.jsp?categoryId=1411597&clickid=header&cp=1398013
293. PBS Kids Shop. (2012a). Toy blocks. Retrieved from http://pbskidstoys.shop.pbskids.org/toys-games/blocks.html?dir=desc&order=price
294. PBS Kids Shop. (2012b). Shop-Sid the science kid. Retrieved from http://sidscience.shop.pbskids.org/clothing.html
295. PBS KIDS (2012c). 2012 National STEM video game challenge. Retrieved from http://pbskids.org/stemchallenge/
296. Quillen, I. (2010, December 8). Rupert Murdoch moves into K-12 tech. market. Education Week, p. 16.
297. Rio Salado College. (2012). Teacher education. Retrieved from http://www.riosalado.edu/programs/education/postbacc/Pages/default.aspx
298. Saunders, A. (1914). Motion pictures as an aid to education. In National Education Association, Proceedings (p. 744). Ann Arbor: National Education Association.
299. Schrum, K. (1998). Teena means business: Teenage girls' culture and "Seventeen Magazine," 1944-1950. In S. A. Inness (Ed.), Delinquents and debutantes: Twentieth-century girls' cultures (pp. 136-156). New York: New York University Press.
300. Sesame Street. (2012). Sesame Street store. Retrieved from http://store.sesamestreet.org/
301. Snedden, D. (1914). Discussion. In National Education Association, Proceedings (p. 746). Ann Arbor, MI: National Education Association.
302. Spring, J. (1992). Images of American life: A history of ideological management in schools, movies, radio, and television. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
303. Spring, J. (2011). The politics of American education. New York: Routledge.
304. Stelter, B. (2012, February 6). Print news media go live with video programming. New York Times, pp. B1-2.
305. Stout, H. (2010, October). Toddlers' favorite toy: The iPhone. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/17/fashion/17TODDLERS.html?scp=1&sq=toddler+iphone&st=nyt
306. Tomassini, J. (2012, January 25). Apple unveils e-textbook strategy for K-12. Education Week, p. 8.
307. U.S. Department of Education. (2010). National education technology plan 2010: Transforming American education: Learning powered by technology. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.
308. Variety. (1933, August 29). British vs. American radio slant, debate theme in 40, 000 schools. Variety, p. 1.
309. Virtual Performance Assessment (2011). Using immersive technology to assess science inquiry learning. Retrieved from http://vpa.gse.harvard.edu/about/
310. Vivendi. (2011). Group. Retrieved from http://www.vivendi.com/vivendi/-Group
311. WDCore Editorial. (2011). A brief history of the iPad-infographic. Retrieved from http://www.web-designcore.com/2011/04/30/a-brief-history-of-the-ipad-%E2%80%93-infographic/
312. West, D., Whitehurst, G., & Dionne, E. (2009). Invisible: 1.4 percent coverage for education is not enough. Washington, DC: Brookings Institute.
313. Brill, S. (2011). Class warfare: Inside the fight to fix America's schools. New York: Simon & Schuster.
314. Cronin, J. (1973). The control of urban schools. New York: Free Press.
315. Hawley, W. (1973). Nonpartisan elections and the case for party politics. New York: Wiley.
316. Kerr, C. (2001). The uses of the university (5th ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
317. Lackoff, G. (2002). Moral politics: How liberals and conservatives think (2nd ed.). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
318. Mencimer, S. (October 14, 2011). Rupert Murdoch compares US education system to Third World country's. Mother Jones. Retrieved from http://motherjones.com/mojo/2011/10/rupert-murdoch-compares-us-education-system-third-world-countrys
319. Mill, J. S. (1956). On liberty. Indianapolis, IN: The Liberal Arts Press (Original work published 1859)
320. National Commission on Excellence in Education. (1983). A nation at risk: The imperative for educational reform. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/pubs/NatAtRisk/index.html
321. Newman, J. (1990). The idea of a university. South Bend, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
322. Occupy Wall Street. (2011, September 30). Declaration of the occupation of New York City. Forum Post: First official release from Occupy Wall Street. Retrieved from http://occupywallst.org/forum/first-official-release-from-occupy-wall-street/
323. Phillips, A. M. (2012, February 10). Amid protesters disruptions, City board votes to close 18 schools and truncate 5 others. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/schoolbook/2012/02/10/amid-protesters-disruptions-city-board-votes-to-close-18-schools-and-truncate-5/
324. Rudolph, F. (1962). The American college and university. New York: Knopf.
325. Spring, J. (2011a). The American school: A global context from the Puritans to the Obama era. New York: McGraw-Hill.
326. Spring, J. (2011b). The politics of American education. New York: Routledge.
327. Witt, S. (July 21-27, 2011). On the Bloomberg-Murdoch trail: Influence peddling reportedly swirling around the DOE's $22 billion cash cow. Our Time Press. Retrieved from http://www.ourtimepress.com/upload/July212011sm