Marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich) Hochst]: A review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology

ACS Symposium Series

Volumn 1127, Issue , 2013, Pages 19-32

  Prinsloo, Gerhard ^a   Street, Renée A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEVERAGES; OILS AND FATS;

ALCOHOLIC DRINKS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORIES; ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES; FUEL WOOD; SCLEROCARYA; SEMI ARID; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA;

FORESTRY;

BEVERAGES; FORESTRY; FRUITS;

EID: 84905173962     PISSN: 00976156     EISSN: 19475918     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1021/bk-2013-1127.ch002     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (38)

1. Van wyk, B.-E.; Gericke, N. People's plants. A guide to useful plants of Southern Africa; Briza Publications: South Africa, 2000; p 351.
2. Gouwakinnou, G.; et al. Local knowledge, pattern and diversity of use of Sclerocarya birrea. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2011, 7 (8), 1746-4269.
3. Ojewole, J. Hypoglaecemic effect of Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark aqueous extract in rats. Phytomedicine 2003, 10, 675-681.
4. Emanuel, P.; Shackleton, C.; Baxter, J. Modelling the sustainable harvest of Sclerocary birrea subsp. caffra fruits in the South African lowveld. Forest Ecol. Manag. 2005, 214, 91-103.
5. Hillman, Z.; Mizrahi, Y.; Beit-Yannal, E. Evaluation of valuable nutrients in selected genotypes of marula (Sclerocarya birrea spp. caffra). Sci. Hortic. (Amsterdam, Neth.) 2008, 117, 321-328.
6. Mathabe, M.; et al. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in the treatment of diarrhea in Limpopo Province, South Africa. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2006, 105, 286-293.
7. Viljoen, A.; Kamatou, G.; Baser, K. Head-space volatiles of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra). S. Afr. J. B. 2008, 74, 325-326.
8. Aganga, A.; Mosase, K. Tannin content, nutritive value and dry matter digestibility of Lonchocarpus capassa, Zizyphus mucronata, Sclerocarya birrea, Kirkia acuminata and Rhus lancea seeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 2001, 91, 107-113.
9. Van Wyk, B.-E.; Van Oudtshoorn, B.; Gericke, N. Medicinal plants of South Africa; Briza Publications: South Africa, 2000; p 304.
10. Belemtougri, R.; et al. Effects of Sclerocarya birrea (A. rich) hochst (anacardiaceae) leaf extracts on calcium signaling in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001, 76, 247-252.
11. Dimo, T.; et al. Effect of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) stem bark methylene chloride/methanol extract on streptozocin-diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2007, 110, 434-438.
12. Ojewole, J. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. (family: Anacardiaceae) stem-bark extracts in rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2003, 85, 217-220.
13. Iwu, M. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, 1993.
14. Van de Venter, M.; et al. Antidiabetic screening and scoring of 11 plants traditionally used in South Africa. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 119, 81-86.
15. Gondwe, M.; et al. Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst] [Anacardiaceae] stem-bark ethanolic extract (SBE) modulates blood glucose, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 2008, 15, 699-709.
16. Eloff, J. Antibacterial activity of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea (A. rich.) Hochst. Subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro) (Anacardiaceae) bark and leaves. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2001, 76, 305-308.
17. Moyo, M.; et al. Phenolic composition, antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activites of Sclerocarya birrea and Harpephyllum caffrum (Anacardiaceae) extracts. Food Chem. 2010, 123, 69-76.
18. McGaw, L.; Van Der Merwe, D.; Eloff, J. In vitro anthelmintic, antibacterial and cytotoxic effects of extracts from plants used in South African etnoveterinary medicine. Vet. J. 2007, 173, 366-372.
19. Mariod, A. A.; et al. Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Phenolics and the Antimicrobial Effect of Sclerocarya birrea Kernels with Different Harvesting Dates. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 2010, 87, 377-384.
20. Fennel, C.; et al. Assessing African medicinal plants for efficacy and safety: pharmacological screening and toxicology. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2004, 94, 205-217.
21. Galvez, J.; et al. Pharmacological activity of a procayanidin isolated from Sclerocarya birrea bark: antidiarhoeal activity and effects on isolated guineapig ileum. Phytother. Res. 1993, 7, 25-28.
22. Green, E.; et al. Inhibitory properties of selected South African medicinal plants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2010, 130, 151-157.
23. Hutchings, A. Zulu Medicinal Plants: an inventory; University of Natal Press: Pietermaritzburg, 1996.
24. Gathriwa, J. W.; et al. The in vitro anti-plasmodial and in vivo anti-malarial efficacy of combinations of some medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of malaria by the Meru community on Kenya. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 115, 223-231.
25. Pillay, P.; Maharaj, V. J.; Smith, P. J. Investigating South African plants as a source of new antimalarials. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2008, 119, 438-454.
26. Elgorashi, E.; et al. Screening of medicinal plants used in South African traditional medicine for genotoxic effects. Toxicol. Lett. 2003, 143, 195-207.
27. Maiga, A.; et al. A survey of toxic plants in the market in the district of Bamoko, Mali: traditional knowledge compared with a literature search of modern pharmacology and toxicology. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2005, 96, 183-193.
28. Leaky, R. Potential of novel food products from agroforestry trees: a review. Food Chem. 1999, 66, 1-14.
29. Glew, R.; et al. Nutritional analysis of the edible pit of Sclerocarya birrea in the Republic of Niger (daniya, Hausa). J. Food Compos. Anal. 2004, 17, 99-111.
30. Weinert, I.; van Wyk, P. J.; Holtzhausen, L.C. Fruits of Tropical and Subtropical Origin: Composition, Properties and Uses; Nagy, S., Shaw, P., Wardowski, W. F., Eds.; Florida Science Source Inc.: Lake Alfred, Florida, 1990; pp 88-115.
31. Ndhlala, A.; et al. Phenolic composition of Flacourtia indica, Opuntia megacantha and Sclerocary birrea. Food Chem. 2007, 103, 82-87.
32. Bever, B. Oral hypoglaecemic plant in West Africa. J. Ethnopharmacol. 1980, 2, 119-127.
33. Braca, A.; et al. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from wild and cultivated Sclerocarya birrea(Anacardiaceae) leaves. Agric. Food Chem. 2003, 5, 6689-95.
34. Blignaut, J.; Moolman, C. Quantifying the potential of restored natural capital to alleviate poverty and help conserve nature: A case study from South Africa. J. Nat. Conservat. 2006, 14, 237-248.
35. Akinnifesi, F.; et al. Early growth and survival of three miombo woodland indigenous fruit tree species under fertilizer, manure and dry-season irrigation in southern Malawi. Forest Ecol. Manage. 2008, 255, 546-557.
36. Gruenwald, J. Novel botanical ingredients for beverages. Clin. Dermatol. 2009, 27, 210-216.
37. Kleiman, R.; Ashley, D. A.; Brown, J. H. Comparison of two seed oils sued in cosmetics, moringa and marula. Ind. Crops Prod. 2008, 28, 361-364.
38. Shackleton, S.; et al. Use of marula products for domestic and commercial purposes: Synthesis of key findings from three sites in southern Africa; Grahamstown Department for International Development: Rhodes University, Grahamstown, 2002.