Soldiers of fortune, soldiers of misfortune: Commercialization and divestiture of the Chinese military-business complex, 1978-99

Remaking the Chinese State: Strategies, Society, and Security

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 204-227

  Mulvenon, James ^a  

^a RAND CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84905133054     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203167373     Document Type: Chapter

References (36)

1. Jonathan Pollack, "Structure and Process in the Chinese Military System," in David Lampton and Kenneth Lieberthal (eds.), Bureaucratic and Elite Decision-making in China (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991), p.154.
2. Barry Naughton, " The Third Front: Defense Industrialization in the Chinese Interior," China Quarterly, vol. 115 (September 1988), pp. 351-86.
3. Zhou Changqing, Deputy Director of the Third Front Office of the State Council, " Yi ge judadi jingji wutai" (A giant economic stage), Renmin ribao (People's Daily), 8 June 1987, p. 3.
4. See Deng Xiaoping, " Streamline the Army to Increase its Combat Effectiveness (12 March 1980)," Deng Xiaoping wenxuan (Collected works of Deng Xiaoping), p. 269.
5. Lu Tianyi, " Liu Mingpu Spoke on Reasons for Tight Military Spending at a Plenary Meeting of the PLA Delegation," Jiefangjun bao (Liberation Army Daily), p. 1, in FBIS, 3 April 1989, p. 52.
6. " Central Military Commission Holds an Enlarged Meeting Before the Spring Festival to Discuss the Key Issues of Unity and Anti-Corruption in the Army," Ming pao, 3 February 1993.
7. " Jiang Orders PLA-Owned Firms to Close," Xinhua Domestic Service, 22 July 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-204, 23 July 1998.
8. See People's Daily, 23 July 1998, p. 1.
9. Cao Haili, " No More Business for the PLA," pp. 1-16.
10. " Yu Yongbo Calls on Army to Cease Business Operations," Xinhua Domestic Service, 26 July 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-208, 27 July 1998.
11. " General Armament Department to Fight Smuggling," Xinhua Domestic Service, 26 July 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-209, 28 July 1998.
12. Wu Hengquan, Liu Zhenying, and Wang Jinfu, " Hu Jintao Speaks on Banning PLA Businesses," Xinhua Domestic Service, 28 July 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-209, 28 July 1998.
13. The RMB 15 billion figure comes from Kuang Tung-chou, " Premier Promises to Increase Military Funding to Make Up For 'Losses' After Armed Forces Close Down All Its Businesses," Sing tao jih pao, 24 July 1998, p. A5, in FBIS-CHI-98-205, 24 July 1998. For the RMB 30 billion figure
14. see Willy Wo-Lap Lam, " PLA Chief Accepts HK47 Billion Payout," South China Morning Post, 9 October 1998.
15. Willy Lo-Lap Lam, " PLA to Get HK28 Billion for Businesses," South China Morning Post, 3 August 1998.
16. " Military Reportedly Raises Pay to Avoid Discontent," Ming pao, 23 January 1999, p. 15, in FBIS-CHI-99-023, 23 January 1999.
17. Kuang Tung-chou, " Beijing to Comprehensively Raise Servicemen's Remuneration," Sing tao jih pao, 25 November 1998, p. B14, in FBIS-CHI-98-349, 15 December 1998.
18. " Military Meets Resistance in Enforcing Ban on Business," Ming pao, 9 September 1998, p. A16, in FBIS-CHI-98-253, 10 September 1998.
19. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, " Problems Between CCP, Army," South China Morning Post, 20 October 1999, p. 19.
20. Han Zhenjun, " Military Business Said 'Disconnected' By 15 December," Xinhua Domestic Service, 28 December 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-362, 28 December 1998.
21. Yang Xinhe, " Hebei Takes Over Military Enterprises," Xinhua Hong Kong Service, 12 December 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-350, 16 December 1998.
22. " Separation of Army From Business Done," China Daily, 21 March 1999, p. 1.
23. Willy Wo-Lap Lam, " PLA Cashes In Its Assets," South China Morning Post, 29 July 1998.
24. This account is taken from Matt Forney, " A Chinese Puzzle: Unwinding Army Enterprises: Who Gets Them, And What to Pay?" Wall Street Journal, 15 December 1998;
25. and Matt Forney, " Chinese Army's Exit from Businesses Leaves Partners Guessing at Next Move," Wall Street Journal, 21 May 1999, p. A9.
26. Yang Yang, Fu Aiping, and Zhao Fenglin, " March Out of the Business Sea-PLA and Armed Police Carrying out the Decision of 'Divestiture,' " People's Daily Shidai Chao, 1 March 2000.
27. Yang Xinhe, " Hebei Takes Over Military Enterprises," Xinhua Hong Kong Service, 12 December 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-350, 16 December 1998.
28. Bu Yuntong, " Hainan Armed Forces Hand Over Enterprises," Xinhua Domestic Service, 29 November 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-337, 3 December 1998.
29. This number refers only to the divestiture of Yunfeng Industries. See " PLA Garrison Turns Major Business Over to Shanghai," Xinhua, 21 November 98.
30. " Tianjin Hands Over All Military-Run Businesses," Xinhua, 8 December 1998, in FBIS-CHI-98-342, 8 December 1998.
31. Liu Yi, " Jiangxi Military Hands Over Commercial Firms," Xinhua Domestic Service, 26 November 1998, in FBIS-CHI-980337, 3 December 1998.
32. Jin Weixin, " The Jiangsu Forces in the Nanjing Military Region Turn Over All Army-Run Enterprises, Stressing Politics, Considering the Overall Order, and Acting in Line With High Standards and Strict Requirements," Nanjing Xinhua Ribao, 10 February 1999, pp. 1, 3, in FBIS-CHI-1999-0222, 10 February 1999.
33. Matt Pottinger, " China's Military Building Mobile Phone Empire," Reuters, 15 February 2000.
34. PRC Finance Minister Xiang Huaicheng, " Report on the Execution of the Central and Local Budgets for 1998 and on the Draft Central and Local Budgets for 1999," Xinhua Domestic Service, 18 March 1999, in FBIS-CHI-1999-0320, 18 March 1999.
35. Susan Lawrence, " Bitter Harvest," Far Eastern Economic Review, 29 April 1999, p. 24.
36. Wang Yantian and Yin Hongzhu, " CPC Central Committee, State Council, Central Military Commission Hold TV, Telephone Meeting on Work of Withdrawing Military, Armed Police, and Political and Legal Organs from Business Activities," Xinhua Domestic Service, 25 May 2000.