메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 8, Issue JULY, 2014, Pages

Executive function and bilingualism in young and older adults

Author keywords

Aging; Bilingual advantage; Bilingualism; Executive control; Executive function

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGING; ANGLOPHONE; ARTICLE; BILINGUALISM; BOSTON NAMING TEST; CONTROLLED STUDY; EXECUTIVE FUNCTION; FEMALE; FRANCOPHONE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; LANGUAGE ABILITY; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NORMAL HUMAN; RELIABILITY; SIMON TASK; STROOP TEST; SUSTAINED ATTENTION TO RESPONSE TASK; TASK PERFORMANCE; WECHSLER INTELLIGENCE SCALE; WISCONSIN CARD SORTING TEST; WORD RECOGNITION;

EID: 84905044106     PISSN: 16625153     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00250     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (89)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 78049370416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive correlates of bilingualism
    • doi: 10.3102/0034654310368803
    • Adesope, O. O., Lavin, T., Thompson, T., and Ungerleider, C. (2010). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the cognitive correlates of bilingualism. Rev. Educ. Res. 80, 207-245. doi: 10.3102/0034654310368803
    • (2010) Rev. Educ. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 207-245
    • Adesope, O.O.1    Lavin, T.2    Thompson, T.3    Ungerleider, C.4
  • 3
    • 33646186536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bilingualism and computer video game experience on the Simon task
    • doi: 10.1037/cjep2006008
    • Bialystok, E. (2006). Effect of bilingualism and computer video game experience on the Simon task. Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 60, 68-79. doi: 10.1037/cjep2006008
    • (2006) Can. J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.60 , pp. 68-79
    • Bialystok, E.1
  • 4
    • 34347204097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive effects of bilingualism: How linguistic experience leads to cognitive change
    • doi: 10.2167/beb441.0
    • Bialystok, E. (2007). Cognitive effects of bilingualism: how linguistic experience leads to cognitive change. Int. J. Biling. Educ. Biling. 10, 210-223. doi: 10.2167/beb441.0
    • (2007) Int. J. Biling. Educ. Biling. , vol.10 , pp. 210-223
    • Bialystok, E.1
  • 5
    • 67649653780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism: The good, the bad and the indifferent
    • doi: 10.1017/s1366728908003477
    • Bialystok, E. (2009). Bilingualism: the good, the bad and the indifferent. Biling. Lang. Cogn. 12, 3-11. doi: 10.1017/s1366728908003477
    • (2009) Biling. Lang. Cogn. , vol.12 , pp. 3-11
    • Bialystok, E.1
  • 6
    • 84859403649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reshaping the mind: The benefits of bilingualism
    • doi: 10.1037/a0025406
    • Bialystok, E. (2011). Reshaping the mind: the benefits of bilingualism. Can. J. Exp. Psychol. 65, 229-235. doi: 10.1037/a0025406
    • (2011) Can. J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.65 , pp. 229-235
    • Bialystok, E.1
  • 7
    • 2942590831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention and inhibtion in bilingual children: Evidence from the dimensional change card sort task
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00351.x
    • Bialystok, E., and Martin, M. M. (2004). Attention and inhibtion in bilingual children: evidence from the dimensional change card sort task. Dev. Sci. 7, 325-339. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00351.x
    • (2004) Dev. Sci. , vol.7 , pp. 325-339
    • Bialystok, E.1    Martin, M.M.2
  • 8
    • 33751539269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.009
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., and Freedman, M. (2007). Bilingualism as a protection against the onset of symptoms of dementia. Neuropsychologia 45, 459-464. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.009
    • (2007) Neuropsychologia , vol.45 , pp. 459-464
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2    Freedman, M.3
  • 9
    • 47549098783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals
    • doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.859
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., and Luk, G. (2008). Cognitive control and lexical access in younger and older bilinguals. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 34, 859-873. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.34.4.859
    • (2008) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. , vol.34 , pp. 859-873
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2    Luk, G.3
  • 10
    • 33750721710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive control in a modified antisaccade task: Effects of aging and bilingualism
    • doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1341
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., and Ryan, J. (2006). Executive control in a modified antisaccade task: effects of aging and bilingualism. J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. 32, 1341-1354. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.32.6.1341
    • (2006) J. Exp. Psychol. Learn. Mem. Cogn. , vol.32 , pp. 1341-1354
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2    Ryan, J.3
  • 11
    • 10044231822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of bilingualism on cognitive control and the Simon task: Evidence from MEG
    • doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.044
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Grady, C., Chau, W., Ishii, R., Gunji, A., et al. (2005). Effect of bilingualism on cognitive control and the Simon task: evidence from MEG. Neuroimage 24, 40-49. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.09.044
    • (2005) Neuroimage , vol.24 , pp. 40-49
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2    Grady, C.3    Chau, W.4    Ishii, R.5    Gunji, A.6
  • 13
    • 2642576670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism, aging and cognitive control: Evidence from the Simon task
    • doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.290
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I. M., Klein, R., and Viswanathan, M. (2004). Bilingualism, aging and cognitive control: evidence from the Simon task. Psychol. Aging 19, 290-303. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.19.2.290
    • (2004) Psychol. Aging , vol.19 , pp. 290-303
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.M.2    Klein, R.3    Viswanathan, M.4
  • 14
    • 84859111216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism: Consequences for mind and brain
    • doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., and Luk, G. (2012). Bilingualism: consequences for mind and brain. Trends Cogn. Sci. 16, 240-250. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2012.03.001
    • (2012) Trends Cogn. Sci. , vol.16 , pp. 240-250
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.2    Luk, G.3
  • 15
    • 84895128008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of bilingualism on the age of onset and progression of MCI and AD: Evidence from executive function tests
    • doi: 10.1037/neu0000023
    • Bialystok, E., Craik, F. I., Binns, M. A., Ossher, L., and Freedman, M. (2014). Effects of bilingualism on the age of onset and progression of MCI and AD: evidence from executive function tests. Neuropsychology 28, 290-304. doi: 10.1037/neu0000023
    • (2014) Neuropsychology , vol.28 , pp. 290-304
    • Bialystok, E.1    Craik, F.I.2    Binns, M.A.3    Ossher, L.4    Freedman, M.5
  • 16
    • 0037122930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immature frontal lobe contributors to cognitive control in children: Evidence from fMRI
    • doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00583-9
    • Bunge, S. A., Dudukovic, N. M., Thomason, M. E., Vaidya, C. J., and Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2002). Immature frontal lobe contributors to cognitive control in children: evidence from fMRI. Neuron 33, 301-311. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00583-9
    • (2002) Neuron , vol.33 , pp. 301-311
    • Bunge, S.A.1    Dudukovic, N.M.2    Thomason, M.E.3    Vaidya, C.J.4    Gabrieli, J.D.E.5
  • 17
    • 85009033034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public health and aging: Trends in aging-United States and worlwide
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.11.1371
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2003). Public health and aging: trends in aging-United States and worlwide. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 52, 101-104. doi: 10.1001/jama.289.11.1371
    • (2003) MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. , vol.52 , pp. 101-104
  • 18
    • 77953279305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilingualism (but not always bilingualism) delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease-Evidence from a bilingual community
    • doi: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181ca1221
    • Chertkow, H., Whitehead, V., Phillips, N., Wolfson, C., Atherton, J., and Bergman, H. (2010). Multilingualism (but not always bilingualism) delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease-Evidence from a bilingual community. Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. 24, 118-125. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0b013e3181ca1221
    • (2010) Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Disord. , vol.24 , pp. 118-125
    • Chertkow, H.1    Whitehead, V.2    Phillips, N.3    Wolfson, C.4    Atherton, J.5    Bergman, H.6
  • 19
    • 37049014296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: Evidence from the ANT task
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013
    • Costa, A., Hernández, M., and Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2008). Bilingualism aids conflict resolution: evidence from the ANT task. Cognition 106, 59-86. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.013
    • (2008) Cognition , vol.106 , pp. 59-86
    • Costa, A.1    Hernández, M.2    Sebastián-Gallés, N.3
  • 20
    • 70349985732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: Now you see it, now you don't
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001
    • Costa, A., Hernández, M., Costa-Faidella, J., and Sebastián-Gallés, N. (2009). On the bilingual advantage in conflict processing: now you see it, now you don't. Cognition 113, 135-149. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.001
    • (2009) Cognition , vol.113 , pp. 135-149
    • Costa, A.1    Hernández, M.2    Costa-Faidella, J.3    Sebastián-Gallés, N.4
  • 22
    • 84867123359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive control in Russian-german bilinguals
    • doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00115
    • Festman, J., and Münte, T. F. (2012). Cognitive control in Russian-german bilinguals. Front. Psychol. 3:115. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00115
    • (2012) Front. Psychol. , vol.3 , pp. 115
    • Festman, J.1    Münte, T.F.2
  • 24
    • 0036791881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semantic and letter fluency in Spanish-English bilinguals
    • doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.16.4.562
    • Gollan, T. H., Montoya, R. I., and Werner, G. A. (2002). Semantic and letter fluency in Spanish-English bilinguals. Neuropsychology 16, 562-576. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.16.4.562
    • (2002) Neuropsychology , vol.16 , pp. 562-576
    • Gollan, T.H.1    Montoya, R.I.2    Werner, G.A.3
  • 25
    • 2642661952 scopus 로고
    • A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem
    • doi: 10.1037/h0059831
    • Grant, D. A., and Berg, E. A. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. J. Exp. Psychol. 38, 404-411. doi: 10.1037/h0059831
    • (1948) J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.38 , pp. 404-411
    • Grant, D.A.1    Berg, E.A.2
  • 26
    • 77957090036 scopus 로고
    • Working memory, comprehension and aging: A review and a new view
    • ed G. H. Bower (San Diego, USA: Academic Press Inc.)
    • Hasher, L., and Zacks, R. T. (1988). "Working memory, comprehension and aging: a review and a new view, " in The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory, ed G. H. Bower (San Diego, USA: Academic Press Inc.), 193-225.
    • (1988) The Psychology of Learning and Motivation: Advances in Research and Theory , pp. 193-225
    • Hasher, L.1    Zacks, R.T.2
  • 27
    • 79960004599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are there bilingual advantages on nonlinguistic interference tasks? Implications for the plasticity of executive control processes
    • doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0116-7
    • Hilchey, M. D., and Klein, R. M. (2011). Are there bilingual advantages on nonlinguistic interference tasks? Implications for the plasticity of executive control processes. Psychon. Bull. Rev. 18, 625-658. doi: 10.3758/s13423-011-0116-7
    • (2011) Psychon. Bull. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 625-658
    • Hilchey, M.D.1    Klein, R.M.2
  • 29
    • 52649133412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Language in adulthood
    • eds E. Bialystok and F. I. M. Craik (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.)
    • Kemper, S. (2006). "Language in adulthood, " in Lifespan Cognition: Mechanisms of Change, eds E. Bialystok and F. I. M. Craik (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.), 223-238.
    • (2006) Lifespan Cognition: Mechanisms of Change , pp. 223-238
    • Kemper, S.1
  • 30
    • 84858437934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ageing and bilingualism: Absence of a "bilingual advantage" in stroop interference in a nonimmigrant sample
    • doi: 10.1080/17470218.2011.604788
    • Kousaie, S., and Phillips, N. A. (2012a). Ageing and bilingualism: absence of a "bilingual advantage" in stroop interference in a nonimmigrant sample. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (Hove) 65, 356-369. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2011.604788
    • (2012) Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (Hove) , vol.65 , pp. 356-369
    • Kousaie, S.1    Phillips, N.A.2
  • 31
    • 84858440199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict monitoring and resolution: Are two languages better than one? Evidence from reaction time and event-related brain potentials
    • doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.052
    • Kousaie, S., and Phillips, N. A. (2012b). Conflict monitoring and resolution: are two languages better than one? Evidence from reaction time and event-related brain potentials. Brain Res. 1446, 71-90. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.052
    • (2012) Brain Res. , vol.1446 , pp. 71-90
    • Kousaie, S.1    Phillips, N.A.2
  • 32
    • 84881245585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism interacts with domain in a working memory task: Evidence from aging
    • doi: 10.1037/a0030875
    • Luo, L., Craik, F. I., Moreno, S., and Bialystok, E. (2013). Bilingualism interacts with domain in a working memory task: evidence from aging. Psychol. Aging 28, 28-34. doi: 10.1037/a0030875
    • (2013) Psychol. Aging , vol.28 , pp. 28-34
    • Luo, L.1    Craik, F.I.2    Moreno, S.3    Bialystok, E.4
  • 33
    • 71549165784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of language proficiency and executive control on verbal fluency performance in bilinguals
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.014
    • Luo, L., Luk, G., and Bialystok, E. (2010). Effect of language proficiency and executive control on verbal fluency performance in bilinguals. Cognition 114, 29-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cognition.2009.08.014
    • (2010) Cognition , vol.114 , pp. 29-41
    • Luo, L.1    Luk, G.2    Bialystok, E.3
  • 34
    • 40649101050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children
    • doi: 10.1017/s1366728907003227
    • Martin-Rhee, M. M., and Bialystok, E. (2008). The development of two types of inhibitory control in monolingual and bilingual children. Biling. Lang. Cogn. 11, 81-93. doi: 10.1017/s1366728907003227
    • (2008) Biling. Lang. Cogn. , vol.11 , pp. 81-93
    • Martin-Rhee, M.M.1    Bialystok, E.2
  • 35
    • 33846820265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Being and becoming bilingual. Individual differences and consequences for language production
    • eds J. F. Kroll and A. M. B. de Groot (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.)
    • Michael, E. B., and Gollan, T. H. (2005). "Being and becoming bilingual. Individual differences and consequences for language production, " in Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches, eds J. F. Kroll and A. M. B. de Groot (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.), 389-407.
    • (2005) Handbook of Bilingualism: Psycholinguistic Approaches , pp. 389-407
    • Michael, E.B.1    Gollan, T.H.2
  • 36
    • 26944486559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Criterion-referenced validity of a neuropsychological test battery: Equivalent performance in elderly Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites
    • doi: 10.1017/s1355617705050745
    • Mungas, D., Reed, B. R., Tomaszewski Farias, S., and DeCarli, C. (2005). Criterion-referenced validity of a neuropsychological test battery: equivalent performance in elderly Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 11, 620-630. doi: 10.1017/s1355617705050745
    • (2005) J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. , vol.11 , pp. 620-630
    • Mungas, D.1    Reed, B.R.2    Tomaszewski Farias, S.3    DeCarli, C.4
  • 37
    • 18944374033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: A brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment
    • doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
    • Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., et al. (2005). The montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 53, 695-699. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x
    • (2005) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 695-699
    • Nasreddine, Z.S.1    Phillips, N.A.2    Bédirian, V.3    Charbonneau, S.4    Whitehead, V.5    Collin, I.6
  • 38
    • 84873847169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing
    • doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.12.002
    • Paap, K. R., and Greenberg, Z. I. (2013). There is no coherent evidence for a bilingual advantage in executive processing. Cogn. Psychol. 66, 232-258. doi: 10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.12.002
    • (2013) Cogn. Psychol. , vol.66 , pp. 232-258
    • Paap, K.R.1    Greenberg, Z.I.2
  • 39
    • 0036255883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • English performance of proficient bilingual adults on the boston naming test
    • doi: 10.1080/02687030244000220
    • Roberts, P. M., Garcia, L. J., Desrochers, A., and Hernandez, D. (2002). English performance of proficient bilingual adults on the boston naming test. Aphasiology 16, 635-645. doi: 10.1080/02687030244000220
    • (2002) Aphasiology , vol.16 , pp. 635-645
    • Roberts, P.M.1    Garcia, L.J.2    Desrochers, A.3    Hernandez, D.4
  • 40
    • 0030900437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Oops!': Performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects
    • doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00015-8
    • Robertson, I. H., Manly, T., Andrade, J., Baddeley, B. T., and Yiend, J. (1997). 'Oops!': performance correlates of everyday attentional failures in traumatic brain injured and normal subjects. Neuropsychologia 35, 747-758. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00015-8
    • (1997) Neuropsychologia , vol.35 , pp. 747-758
    • Robertson, I.H.1    Manly, T.2    Andrade, J.3    Baddeley, B.T.4    Yiend, J.5
  • 41
    • 0034001708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Verbal fluency and repetition skills in healthy older Spanish-English bilinguals
    • doi: 10.1207/s15324826an0701_3
    • Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., Araujo, K., Weekes, V. A., Caracciolo, V., Padilla, M., et al. (2000). Verbal fluency and repetition skills in healthy older Spanish-English bilinguals. Appl. Neuropsychol. 7, 17-24. doi: 10.1207/s15324826an0701_3
    • (2000) Appl. Neuropsychol. , vol.7 , pp. 17-24
    • Rosselli, M.1    Ardila, A.2    Araujo, K.3    Weekes, V.A.4    Caracciolo, V.5    Padilla, M.6
  • 42
    • 84911874947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognate facilitation effect in balanced and non-balanced Spanish-English bilinguals using the boston naming test
    • doi: 10.1177/1367006912466313
    • Rosselli, M., Ardila, A., Jurado, M. B., and Salvatierra, J. L. (2012). Cognate facilitation effect in balanced and non-balanced Spanish-English bilinguals using the boston naming test. Int. J. Biling. 18. doi: 10.1177/1367006912466313
    • (2012) Int. J. Biling. , pp. 18
    • Rosselli, M.1    Ardila, A.2    Jurado, M.B.3    Salvatierra, J.L.4
  • 43
    • 0030194684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition
    • doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403
    • Salthouse, T. A. (1996). The processing-speed theory of adult age differences in cognition. Psychol. Rev. 103, 403-428. doi: 10.1037/0033-295x.103.3.403
    • (1996) Psychol. Rev. , vol.103 , pp. 403-428
    • Salthouse, T.A.1
  • 44
    • 27744454360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Attention control and ability level in a complex cognitive skill: Attention and second language proficiency
    • doi: 10.3758/bf03195331
    • Segalowitz, N., and Frenkiel-Fishman, S. (2005). Attention control and ability level in a complex cognitive skill: attention and second language proficiency. Mem. Cognit. 33, 644-653. doi: 10.3758/bf03195331
    • (2005) Mem. Cognit. , vol.33 , pp. 644-653
    • Segalowitz, N.1    Frenkiel-Fishman, S.2
  • 45
    • 21344487295 scopus 로고
    • Skilled performance, practice and the differentiation of speed-up from automatization effects: Evidence from second language word recognition
    • doi: 10.1017/s0142716400010845
    • Segalowitz, N., and Segalowitz, S. J. (1993). Skilled performance, practice and the differentiation of speed-up from automatization effects: evidence from second language word recognition. Appl. Psycholinguist. 14, 369-385. doi: 10.1017/s0142716400010845
    • (1993) Appl. Psycholinguist. , vol.14 , pp. 369-385
    • Segalowitz, N.1    Segalowitz, S.J.2
  • 46
    • 0014093453 scopus 로고
    • Auditory S-R compatibility: The effect of an irrelevant cue on information processing
    • doi: 10.1037/h0020586
    • Simon, J. R., and Rudell, A. P. (1967). Auditory S-R compatibility: the effect of an irrelevant cue on information processing. J. Appl. Psychol. 51, 300-304. doi: 10.1037/h0020586
    • (1967) J. Appl. Psychol. , vol.51 , pp. 300-304
    • Simon, J.R.1    Rudell, A.P.2
  • 48
    • 57049145197 scopus 로고
    • Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
    • doi: 10.1037/h0054651
    • Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J. Exp. Psychol. 18, 643-662. doi: 10.1037/h0054651
    • (1935) J. Exp. Psychol. , vol.18 , pp. 643-662
    • Stroop, J.R.1
  • 49
    • 0031020371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: Evidence from younger and older healthy adults
    • doi: 10.1037//0894-4105.11.1.138
    • Troyer, A. K., Moscovitch, M., and Winocur, G. (1997). Clustering and switching as two components of verbal fluency: evidence from younger and older healthy adults. Neuropsychology 11, 138-146. doi: 10.1037//0894-4105.11.1.138
    • (1997) Neuropsychology , vol.11 , pp. 138-146
    • Troyer, A.K.1    Moscovitch, M.2    Winocur, G.3
  • 51
    • 84862532504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of expertise in simultaneous interpreting on non-verbal executive processes
    • doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00309
    • Yudes, C., Macizo, P., and Bajo, T. (2011). The influence of expertise in simultaneous interpreting on non-verbal executive processes. Front. Psychol. 2:309. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00309
    • (2011) Front. Psychol. , vol.2 , pp. 309
    • Yudes, C.1    McIzo, P.2    Bajo, T.3
  • 52
    • 84895132564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilingualism does not alter cognitive decline or dementia risk among spanish-speaking immigrants
    • doi: 10.1037/neu0000014
    • Zahodne, L. B., Schofield, P. W., Farrell, M. T., Stern, Y., and Manly, J. J. (2014). Bilingualism does not alter cognitive decline or dementia risk among spanish-speaking immigrants. Neuropsychology 28, 238-246. doi: 10.1037/neu0000014
    • (2014) Neuropsychology , vol.28 , pp. 238-246
    • Zahodne, L.B.1    Schofield, P.W.2    Farrell, M.T.3    Stern, Y.4    Manly, J.J.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.