Evidence based medicine: A movement in crisis?

BMJ (Online)

Volumn 348, Issue , 2014, Pages

  Greenhalgh, Trisha ^a   Howick, Jeremy ^b   Maskrey, Neal ^c   Brassey, Jon ^d   Burch, Druin ^d   Burton, Martin ^d   Chang, Hasok ^d   Glasziou, Paul ^d   Heath, Iona ^d   Heneghan, Carl ^d   Kelly, Michael P ^d   Lehman, Richard ^d   Llewelyn, Huw ^d   McCartney, Margaret ^d   Milne, Ruairidh ^d   Spence, Des ^d  

^a QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^c KEELE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PRACTICE; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FUNDING; HEALTH CARE ACCESS; HEALTH CARE POLICY; HEALTH CARE QUALITY; HEALTH CARE SYSTEM; HUMAN; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; PATIENT CARE; PATIENT RIGHT; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; ARTICLE; STANDARD;

EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE;

EID: 84904872997     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17561833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g3725     Document Type: Review

References (69)

1. Evidence Based Medicine Working Group. Evidence based medicine. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine. JAMA 1992;268:2420-5.
2. Pope C. Resisting evidence: the study of evidence-based medicine as a contemporary social movement. Health 2003;7:267-82.
3. Levin A. The Cochrane Collaboration. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:309-12.
4. Simera I, Moher D, Hirst A, Hoey J, Schulz KF, Altman D. Transparent and accurate reporting increases reliability, utility, and impact of your research: reporting guidelines and the EQUATOR Network. BMC Med 2010;8:24.
5. Hill J, Bullock I, Alderson P. A summary of the methods that the National Clinical Guideline Centre uses to produce clinical guidelines for the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:752-7.
6. Horsley T, Hyde C, Santesso N, Parkes J, Milne R, Stewart R. Teaching critical appraisal skills in healthcare settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;11: CD001270.
7. McCormack L, Sheridan S, Lewis M, Boudewyns V, Melvin CL, Kistler C. Communication and dissemination strategies to facilitate the use of health-related evidence. Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments No 213. US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2013.
8. Timmermans S, Berg M. The gold standard: the challenge of evidence-based medicine and standardization in health care. Temple University Press, 2003.
9. British Thoracic Society. Guidelines for management of asthma in adults: I. Chronic persistent asthma. BMJ 1990;301:651-3.
10. Majeed A, Ferguson J, Field J. Prescribing of beta-2 agonists and inhaled steroids in England: trends between 1992 and 1998, and association with material deprivation, chronic illness and asthma mortality rates. J Pub Health Med 1999;21:395-400.
11. Kelly MP, Capewell S. Relative contributions of changes in risk factors and treatment to the reduction in coronary heart disease mortality. Health Development Agency, 2004.
12. Lau BD, Haut ER. Practices to prevent venous thromboembolism: a brief review. BMJ Qual Safety 2014;23:187-95.
13. Gray JAM. NHS Atlas of variation in healthcare. 2011. www.rightcare.nhs.uk/index.php/atlas/atlas-of-variation-2011/.
14. Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med 2005;2:e124.
15. Greenhalgh T. Why do we always end up here? Evidence-based medicine's conceptual cul-de-sacs and some off-road alternative routes. J Primary Health Care 2012;4:92-7.
16. Basson R, McInnes R, Smith MD, Hodgson G, Koppiker N. Efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in women with sexual dysfunction associated with female sexual arousal disorder. J Women's Health Gender Based Med 2002;11:367-77.
17. Leyden J, Dunlap F, Miller B, Winters P, Lebwohl M, Hecker D. Finasteride in the treatment of men with frontal male pattern hair loss. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999;40:930-7.
18. Bone HG, Greenspan SL, McKeever C, Bell N, Davidson M, Downs RW.Alendronate and estrogen effects in postmenopausal women with low bone mineral density 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:720-6.
19. Cohen D. FDA official: "clinical trial system is broken." BMJ 2013;347:f6980.
20. Every-Palmer S, Howick J. How evidence-based medicine is failing due to biased trials and selective publication. J Eval Clin Pract 2014 May 12. [Epub ahead of print.]
21. Heres S, Davis J, Maino K, et al. Why olanzapine beats risperidone, risperidone beats quetiapine, and quetiapine beats olanzapine: an exploratory analysis of head-to-head comparison studies of second-generation antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 2006;163:185-94.
22. Turner EH, Matthews AM, Linardatos E, Tell R, Rosenthal R. Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. N Engl J Med 2008;358:252-60.
23. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Gøtzsche PC, Jüni P, Moher D, Oxman AD, et al. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 2011;343:d5928.
24. Le Couteur DG, Doust J, Creasey H, Brayne C. Political drive to screen for pre-dementia: not evidence based and ignores the harms of diagnosis. BMJ 2013;347:f5125.
25. Krogsbøll LT, Jørgensen KJ, Grønhøj Larsen C, Larsen C, Gøtzsche PC. General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10:CD009009.
26. Moynihan R, Doust J, Henry D. Preventing overdiagnosis: how to stop harming the healthy. BMJ 2012;344:e3502.
27. Allen D, Harkins K. Too much guidance? Lancet 2005;365:1768.
28. Palella FJ Jr, Delaney KM, Moorman AC, Loveless MO, Fuhrer J, Satten GA, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 1998;338:853-60.
29. NICE. Dysepsia: managing dyspepsia for adults in primary care (GC17). 2004. http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG17/Guidance/pdf/English.
30. Gatta L, Vakil NB, Scarpignato C, Fiorini G, Castelli V, Vaira D. Sequential therapy for eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection in adults: still far from the ideal treatment. a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 2013;144:S332.
31. Hart JE, Jeon CY, Ivers LC, Behlforouz HL, Caldas A, Drobac PC, et al. Effect of directly observed therapy for highly active antiretroviral therapy on virologic, immunologic, and adherence outcomes: a meta-analysis and systematic review. JAIDS 2010;54:167-79.
32. Swinglehurst D, Greenhalgh T, Roberts C. Computer templates in chronic disease management: ethnographic case study in general practice. BMJ Open 2012;2:e001754.
33. Glasziou P, Moynihan R, Richards T, Godlee F. Too much medicine; too little care. BMJ 2013;347:f4247.
34. Harrison S, Checkland K. Evidence-based practice in UK health policy. Routledge, 2009.
35. Doran T, Fullwood C, Kontopantelis E, Reeves D. Effect of financial incentives on inequalities in the delivery of primary clinical care in England: analysis of clinical activity indicators for the quality and outcomes framework. Lancet 2008;372:728-36.
36. Gillam S. Expert commentary. Pay for performance in UK general practice - the ambiguous impact of the Quality and Outcomes Framework. 2011. www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/expert/expert-commentary.aspx?id=25658&search= Primary±Health±Care±.
37. Huntley AL, Johnson R, Purdy S, Valderas JM, Salisbury C. Measures of multimorbidity and morbidity burden for use in primary care and community settings: a systematic review and guide. Ann Fam Med 2012;10:134-41.
38. Duerden M, Avery T, Payne R. Polypharmacy and medicines optimization: making it safe and sound. King's Fund, 2013.
39. Montgomery K. How doctors think: clinical judgement and the practice of medicine. Oxford University Press, 2006.
40. McNutt R, Handler NM. How clinical guidelines fail both doctors and patients. Scientific American Blog Network, 22 November 2013. http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2013/11/22/how-clinical- guidelines-can-fail-both-doctors-and-patients/.
41. Gigerenzer G, Gaissmaier W, Kurz-Milcke E, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S. Helping doctors and patients make sense of health statistics. Psychol Sci Public Interest 2007;8:53-96.
42. Dreyfus HL, Dreyfus SE, Zadeh LA. Mind over machine: the power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. IEEE Expert 1987;2:110-11.
43. Llewelyn H, Ang HA, Lewis D, Al-Abdullah A. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Diagnosis. Oxford University Press, 2014.
44. Frank AW. Just listening: narrative and deep illness. Families Systems Health 1998;16:197.
45. Schei E. Doctoring as leadership: the power to heal. Perspect Biol Med 2006;49:393-406.
46. Hinder S, Greenhalgh T. "This does my head in." Ethnographic study of self-management by people with diabetes. BMC Health Serv Res 2012;12:83.
47. Rosling H, Zhang Z. Health advocacy with Gapminder animated statistics. J Epidemiol Global Health 2011;1:11-4.
48. Richards T, Montori VM, Godlee F, Lapsley P, Paul D. Let the patient revolution begin. BMJ 2013;346:f2614.
49. Gierisch JM, Myers ER, Schmit KM, McCrory DC, Coeytaux RR, Crowley MJ, et al. Prioritization of patient-centered comparative effectiveness research for osteoarthritis. Ann Intern Med 2014 May 13. [Epub ahead of print.]
50. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Psoriasis: the assessment and management of psoriasis. CG153. NICE, 2012.
51. Green ML. Evidence-based medicine training in graduate medical education: past, present and future. J Eval Clin Pract 2000;6:121-38.
52. Spiegelhalter D, Pearson M, Short I. Visualizing uncertainty about the future. Science 2011;333:1393-400.
53. Gabbay J, May Al. Evidence based guidelines or collectively constructed "mindlines?" Ethnographic study of knowledge management in primary care. BMJ 2004;329:1013.
54. Supporting adoption of evidence into practice. MeReC Bull 2011;22:2-7. www.npc.nhs.uk/merec/therap/other/merec-bulletin-vol22-no2.php.
55. Lavis JN, Davies HT, Gruen RL, Walshe K, Farquhar CM. Working within and beyond the Cochrane Collaboration to make systematic reviews more useful to healthcare managers and policy makers. Healthcare Policy 2006;1:21-33.
56. Noble D, Mathur R, Dent T, Meads C, Greenhalgh T. Risk models and scores for type 2 diabetes: systematic review. BMJ 2011;343:d7163.
57. Garcia-Retamero R, Galesic M. Who profits from visual aids? Overcoming challenges in people's understanding of risks. Soc Sci Med 2010;70:1019-25.
58. Elwyn G, Lloyd A, Joseph-Williams N, Cording E, Thomson R, Durand MA, et al. Option grids: shared decision making made easier. Patient Educ Counsel 2013;90:207-12.
59. Volk R, Llewellyn-Thomas H, Stacey D, Elwyn, G. The International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS) Collaboration quality dimensions: theoretical rationales, current evidence, and emerging issues. BMC Med Inform Decision Making 2013:S1-14.
60. Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. BMJ 1986;292:746.
61. Goff DC, Lloyd-Jones DM, Bennett G, O'Donnell CJ, Coady S, Robinson J, et al. 2013 ACC/AHA guideline on the assessment of cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013 Nov 12. [Epub ahead of print.]
62. Montori VM, Brito JP, Ting HH. Patient-centered and practical application of new high cholesterol guidelines to prevent cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2014;311:465-6.
63. Lenzer J. Why we can't trust clinical guidelines. BMJ 2013;346:f3830.
64. Mol A. The logic of care: health and the problem of patient choice. Routledge, 2008.
65. Ganann R, Ciliska D, Thomas H. Expediting systematic reviews: methods and implications of rapid reviews. Implement Sci 2010;5:56.
66. West CP, Dyrbye LN, Rabatin JT, Call TG, Davidson JH, Multari A, et al. Intervention to promote physician well-being, job satisfaction, and professionalism: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med 2014;174:527-33.
67. Eysenbach G, Powell J, Englesakis M, Rizo C, Stern A. Health related virtual communities and electronic support groups: systematic review of the effects of online peer to peer interactions. BMJ 2004;328:1166.
68. Chanchlani N, Godlee F. Educating tomorrow's doctors. BMJ 2012;344:e3689.
69. Cooke M, Irby DM, O'Brien BC. Educating physicians: a call for reform of medical school and residency. Wiley, 2010.