Violence against health care: Insights from afghanistan, somalia, and the democratic republic of the Congo

International Review of the Red Cross

Volumn 95, Issue 889, 2013, Pages 23-39

  Terry, Fiona ^a  

^a AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

access to health care; Afghanistan; Democratic Republic of the Congo; documenting violence; DRC; ICRC Health Care in Danger project; protected status of health care and patients; Somalia; violence against health care

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904748107     PISSN: 18163831     EISSN: 16075889     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1816383113000581     Document Type: Review

References (27)

1. Fiona Terry, 'Protecting health-care in Afghanistan: IHL violations and the ICRC's response, April 2009-April 2010', ICRC internal document, June 2010;
2. Fiona Terry, 'ICRC Health-Care in Danger project: Somalia case-study', ICRC internal document, July 2012;
3. Fiona Terry, 'ICRC Health-Care in Danger project: Democratic Republic of Congo case-study', ICRC internal document, March 2013.
4. These categories were also used in the ICRC publication Health Care in Danger: Making the Case, ICRC, Geneva, 2011, available at: www.icrc.org/eng/ resources/documents/publication/p4072.htm (all internet references were last accessed in June 2013).
5. World Health Organization, World Health Statistics 2012, Chapter 6, available at: www.who.int/gho/publications/world-health-statistics/2012/en/ index.html.
6. ICRC, 'Afghanistan: ambulance used in attack on Police Training Compound', ICRC News Release 11/85, 7 April 2011, available at: www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/news-release/2011/afghanistan-news-2011-04- 07.htm.
7. See Jonathan Whittall, 'My enemy's doctor is my enemy', in The Huffington Post, 10 April 2013, available at: www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/jonathan-whittall/ syria-medicins-sans-frontieres-b-2829593.html.
8. 'Afghanistan: Taliban rue ambulance attack', in IRIN, 12 April 2011, available at: www.irinnews.org/PrintReport.aspx?ReportID=92446.
9. See Thomas H. Johnson and Matthew C. DuPe, 'Analysing the new Taliban Code of Conduct (Layeha): an assessment of changing perspectives and strategies of the Afghan Taliban', in Central Asian Survey, Vol. 31, No. 1, March 2012, pp. 77-91;
10. and Muhammad Munir, 'The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law', in International Review of the Red Cross, Vol. 93, No. 881, March 2011, pp. 81-120.
11. Karim Talbi, 'Uphill task for US Marines on Afghan healthcare', in AFP, 24 March 2010, available at: www.afghanistannewscenter.com/news/2010/march/ mar252010.html#23.
12. 'DR Congo: MSF vaccination used as bait in unacceptable attack on civilians', MSF press release, 6 November 2009, available at: www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=4055&cat=pressrelease.
13. See Human Rights Watch (HRW), Shell-Shocked: Civilians under Siege in Mogadishu, HRW, New York, August 2007, pp. 51-57.
14. 'Life and death on the streets of Somalia', in Forgotten Diaries, 28 August 2010, available at: http://forgottendiaries-ethiopia.blogspot.ch/2010/08/ life-And-death-on-streets-of-somalia.html.
15. 'Hostilities against aid work in Jowhar put lives of Somali children and women at risk', UNICEF press release, Nairobi, 17 June 2009, available at: www.unicef.org/media/media-50020.html.
16. 'Polio outbreak spreads in Somalia', Polio Global Eradication Initiative, 30 May 2013, available at: www. polioeradication.org/tabid/488/iid/305/Default. aspx.
17. See Pete Jones, 'Congo's army accused of rape and looting as M23 rebels win image war', in The Guardian, 26 November 2012, available at: www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/nov/26/drc-Army-Accused-rape-murder-congo.
18. 'Afghanistan: mines prevent resumption of normal life in Marjah', ICRC News Release 10/34, 5 March 2010, available at: www.icrc.org/eng/resources/ documents/news-release/2010/afghanistannews-050310.htm.
19. M. Arte, 'Exodus of medical professionals from Somalia', in Somalia Report, 5 November 2011, available at: www.somaliareport.com/index.php/post/715/ Exodus-of-Medical-Professionals-from-Somalia.
20. See Leonard Rubenstein and Melanie Bittle, 'Responsibility for protection of medical workers and facilities in armed conflict', in The Lancet, Vol. 375, January 2010, pp. 329-340.
21. See International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, Mrkšić et al., ('Vukovar Hospital' case), IT-95-13/1; and the Ovèara cases before the War Crimes Chamber of the Belgrade District Court.
22. 'Rwanda 1994: la vraie vie est absente', talk given by Philippe Gaillard, Head of ICRC delegation in Rwanda during the genocide, at the Red Cross and Red Crescent Museum, Geneva, 18 October 1994, available at: www.icrc.org/eng/ resources/documents/misc/5xkca5.htm.
23. 'Patients killed in cluster bomb attack on Sri Lanka hospital', in The Guardian, 4 February 2009, available at: www.guardian.co.uk/weather/2009/feb/04/ srilanka-terrorism.
24. 'Gaza: ICRC demands urgent access to wounded as Israeli army fails to assist wounded Palestinians', ICRC News Release 09/04, 8 January 2009, available at: www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/news-release/palestine-news-080109. htm.
25. Saeed Shah, 'CIA's fake vaccination programme criticised by Médecins Sans Frontières', in The Guardian, 14 July 2011, available at: www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/14/cia-fake-vaccinationmedecins- frontieres.
26. 'Somalia launching new five-in-one child vaccines', in AP, 25 April 2013.
27. Hiiraan Online, 26 April 2013, available at: www.hiiraan.com/news4/2013/ Apr/29046/new-push-Against-polio-And-new-vaccines-in-somalia.aspx.