Hepatic radioembolization as a bridge to liver surgery

Frontiers in Oncology

Volumn 4 JUL, Issue , 2014, Pages 1-23

  Braat, J A T ^a   Huijbregts, Julia E ^a   Molenaar, Quintus ^a   Borel Rinkes, Inne H M ^a   van den Bosch, Maurice A A J ^a   Lam, Marnix G E H ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Bridge to transplantation; Dosimetry; Downstaging; Future liver remnant; Hepatobiliary scintigraphy; Liver malignancies; Radioembolization; Transplantation

Indexed keywords

CANCER GROWTH; CANCER STAGING; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; DOSIMETRY; HEPATIC RADIOEMBOLIZATION; HEPATOBILIARY SCINTISCANNING; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; LIVER CANCER; LIVER SURGERY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; NONSURGICAL INVASIVE THERAPY; OVERALL SURVIVAL; RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION; REVIEW;

EID: 84904747362     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2234943X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00199     Document Type: Review

References (124)

1. Bray F JA, Grey N, et al. Global cancer transitions according to the human development index (2008-2030): A population-based study. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(8):790-801. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70211-5.
2. Parkin DM BF, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer. 2001;94(2):153-6.
3. Manfredi S LC, Hatem C, et al. Epidemiology and management of liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Ann Surg. 2006;244(2):254-9. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000217629.94941.cf.
4. Ahmadzadehfar H BH, Ezziddin S. Radioembolization of liver tumors with yttrium-90 microspheres. Semin Nucl Med. 2010;40(2):105-21. doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.11.001.
5. Lemmens VEPP dHN, Rutten HJT, et al. Improvements in population-based survival of patients presenting with metastatic rectal cancer in the south of the netherlands, 1992-2008. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2011;28(3):283-90. doi: 10.1007/s10585-010-9370-8.
6. Meulenbeld HJ vSL, Janssen-Heijnen ML, et al. Significant improvement in survival of patients presenting with metastatic colon cancer in the south of the netherlands from 1990 to 2004. Ann Oncol. 2008;19(9):1600-4. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdn176.
7. Welch S SK, Rumble RB, et al. Bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy for patients with advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Ann Oncol. 2010;21(6):1152-62. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdp533.
8. Liu JH CP, Asch SM, et al. Surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma: Does it improve survival? Ann Surg Oncol. 2004;11(3):298-303.
9. Carr BI KV, Buch SC, Branch RA. Therapeutic equivalence in survival for hepatic arterial chemoembolization and yttrium 90 microsphere treatments in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A two-cohort study. Cancer. 2010;116(5):1305-14. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24884; 10.1002/cncr.24884.
10. Salem R LR, Kulik L, et al. Radioembolization results in longer time-to-progression and reduced toxicity compared with chemoembolization in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2011;140(2):497-507. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.049; 10.1053/j.gastro.2010.10.049.
11. Lewandowski RJ KL, Riaz A, et al. A comparative analysis of transarterial downstaging for hepatocellular carcinoma: Chemoembolization versus radioembolization. Am J Transplant. 2009;9(8):1920-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02695.x.
12. Xie F ZJ, Guo X, et al. Comparison of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and microsphere embolization for treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2012;138(3):455-62. doi: 10.1007/s00432-011-1117-7.
13. YES-P trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01887717.
14. SARAH trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01482442?term=SIRspheres&rank=18.
15. SIRVENIB trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01135056?term=SIRspheres&rank=16.
16. SORAMIC trial http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01126645?term=soramic&rank=1.
17. STOP-HCC trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01556490?term=NCT01556490&rank=1.
18. SIRFLOX trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01721954?term=SIRspheres&rank=11.
19. EPOCH trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01483027?term=NCT01483027&rank=1.
20. SIR-step trial http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01895257?term=SIR-STEP&rank=1.
21. Chen MS Li J, Zheng Y, et al. A prospective randomized trial comparing percutaneous local ablative therapy and partial hepatectomy for small hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg. 2006;243(3):321-8. doi: 10.1097/01.sla.0000201480.65519.b8.
22. Sangro B SR, Kennedy A, et al. Radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma: A review of the evidence and treatment recommendations. Am J Clin Oncol. 2011;34(4):422-31. doi: 10.1097/COC.0b013e3181df0a50.
23. Lau WY SB, Chen PJ, et al. Treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombosis: The emerging role for radioembolization using yttrium-90. Oncology. 2013;84(5):311-8. doi: 10.1159/000348325.
24. Heckman JT dM, Marsh JW, et al. Bridging locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma prior to liver transplantation. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(11):3169-77. doi: 10.1245/s10434-008-0071-3.
25. Ramanathan R SA, Lee DD, et al. Multimodality therapy and liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: A 14-year prospective analysis of outcomes. Transplantation. 2014. doi: 10.1097/01.TP.0000441090.39840.b0.
26. Vyas S MS, Partelli S, et al. Portal vein embolization and ligation for extended hepatectomy. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2014;5(1):30-42. doi: 10.1007/s13193-013-0279-y.
27. Ahmadzadehfar H DH, Haug AR, et al. The role of SPECT/CT in radioembolization of liver tumours. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00259-013-2675-5.
28. Breedis C YG. The blood supply of neoplasms in the liver. Am J Pathol. 1954;30(5):969-77.
29. Kennedy A NS, Salem R, et al. Recommendations for radioembolization of hepatic malignancies using yttrium-90 microsphere brachytherapy: A consensus panel report from the radioembolization brachytherapy oncology consortium. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2007;68(1):13-23. doi: S0360-3016(07)00097-1.
30. SIRTEX. SIR-spheres Manual www.sirtex.com.
31. Nordion. Theraspheres Manual www.therasphere.com.
32. Kennedy AS MP, Dezarn WA, et al. Treatment parameters and outcome in 680 treatments of internal radiation with resin 90Y-microspheres for unresectable hepatic tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;74(5):1494-500. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.005.
33. Gil-Alzugaray B CA, Iñarrairaegui M, et al. Prognostic factors and prevention of radioembolization induced liver disease. Hepatology. 2013;57(3):1078-87. doi: 10.1002/hep.26191.
34. Du ZG WY, Chen KF, Li B. Risk factors associated with early and late recurrence after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: A single institution's experience with 398 consecutive patients. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2014;13(2):153-61.
35. Frankel TL DAM. Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases. J Surg Oncol. 2013;109(1):2-7. doi: 10.1002/jso.23371.
36. Cady B JR, Steele GD, et al. Surgical margin in hepatic resection for colorectal metastasis: A critical and improvable determinant of outcome. Ann Surg. 1998;227(4):566-71.
37. Ambiru S MM, Isono T, et al. Hepatic resection for colorectal metastases: Analysis of prognostic factors. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42(5):632-9.
38. Adam R DV, Pascal G, et al. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: A model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg. 2004;240(4):644-58. doi: 00000658-200410000-00010.
39. Fong Y FJ, Sun RL, et al. Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: Analysis of 1001 consecutive cases. Ann Surg. 1999;230(3):309-21.
40. Ikai I AS, Kojiro M, et al. Reevaluation of prognostic factors for survival after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a japanese nationwide survey. Cancer. 2004;101(4):796-802. doi: 10.1002/cncr.20426.
41. Ikeda K SS, Tsubota A, et al. Risk factors for tumor recurrence and prognosis after curative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer. 1993;71(1):19-25.
42. Nagao T IS, Goto S, et al. Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. clinical features and long608 term prognosis. Ann Surg. 1987;205(1):33-40.
43. Liu J QL. Therapeutic efficacy comparison of radiofrequency ablation in hepatocellular carcinoma and metastatic liver cancer. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7(4):897-900. doi: 10.3892/etm.2014.1505.
44. Padhya KT MJ, Singal AG. Recent advances in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2013;29(3):285-92. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835ff1cf.
45. Al-Alem I PK, Akhter J, et al. Heat sink phenomenon of bipolar and monopolar radiofrequency ablation observed using polypropylene tubes for vessel simulation. Surg Innov. 2013. doi: 1553350613505713.
46. Pompili M MV, Rondinara G, et al. Percutaneous ablation procedures in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to liver transplantation: Assessment of efficacy at explant analysis and of safety for tumor recurrence. Liver Transpl. 2005;11(9):1117-26. doi: 10.1002/lt.20469.
47. Ni JY XL, Sun HL, et al. Percutaneous ablation therapy versus surgical resection in the treatment for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis of 21,494 patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2013;139(12):2021-33. doi: 10.1007/s00432-013-1530-1.
48. Tanis E NB, Mauer M, et al. Local recurrence rates after radiofrequency ablation or resection of colorectal liver metastases. Analysis of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer #40004 and #40983. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(5):912-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.12.008.
49. Kulik LM AB, van Holsbeeck L, et al. Yttrium-90 microspheres (TheraSphere) treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Downstaging to resection, RFA and bridge to transplantation. J Surg Oncol. 2006;94(7):572. doi: 10.1002/jso.20609.
50. Iñarrairaegui M PF, Bilbao JI, et al. Response to radioembolization with yttrium-90 resin microspheres may allow surgical treatment with curative intent and prolonged survival in previously unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012;38(7):594-601. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.02.189.
51. Ibrahim SM KL, Baker T, et al. Treating and downstaging hepatocellular carcinoma in the caudate lobe with yttrium-90 radioembolization. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012;35(5):1094-101. doi: 10.1007/s00270-011-0292-x.
52. Tohme S SD, Chen HW, et al. Yttrium-90 radioembolization as a bridge to liver transplantation: A single-institution experience. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24(11):1632-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.07.026.
53. Vouche M HA, Ward TJ, et al. Unresectable solitary HCC not amenable to RFA: Multicenter radiology pathology correlation and survival of radiation segmentectomy. Hepatology. 2014. doi: 10.1002/hep.27057.
54. Vente MAD WM, van der Tweel I, et al. Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization for the treatment of liver malignancies: A structured meta-analysis. Eur Radiol. 2009;19(4):951-9. doi: 10.1007/s00330-008-1211-7.
55. Rosenbaum CENM VH, Lam MGEH, et al. Radioembolization for treatment of salvage patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases: A systematic review. J Nucl Med. 2013;54(11):1890-5. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.113.119545.
56. Kennedy AS DW, McNeillie P, et al. Radioembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine hepatic metastases using resin 90Y-microspheres: Early results in 148 patients. Am J Clin Oncol. 2008;31(3):271-9. doi: 10.1097/COC.0b013e31815e4557.
57. Smits MLJ PJ, Rosenbaum CENM, et al. Intra-arterial radioembolization of breast cancer liver metastases: A structured review. Eur J Pharmacol. 2013;709(1-3):37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.067.
58. Riaz A KL, Lewandowski RJ, et al. Radiologic-pathologic correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with internal radiation using yttrium-90 microspheres. Hepatology. 2009;49(4):1185-93. doi: 10.1002/hep.22747.
59. Kahn MA CC, Brunt EM et al. Positron essision tomographyscanning in the evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Hepatology. 2000;32:792-7.
60. Trojan J SO, Readle J et al. Fluorine-18 FDG Positron Emission Tomography for Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. AJG. 1999;94(11):3314-9.
61. Kornberg A KB, Tannapfel A et al. Clinical Staging May Achieve Long-Term Recurrence-Free Survival After Liver Transplantation. Liver Transplantation. 2012;18:53-61. doi: 10.1002/lt.22416.
62. Shiomi S NS, Ishizu H et al. Usefulness of Positron Emission Tomography With Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose for Predicting Outcome in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma. AJG. 2001;96(6):1877-80.
63. Sabet A AH, Bruhman J et al. Survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with 90Y663 microsphere radioembolization. Nuklearmedizin. 2014;53:39-45. doi: 10.3413/Nukmed-0622-13-09.
64. Kucuk ON SC, Araz M et al. Prognostic Importance of 18F-FDG Uptake Pattern of Hepatocellular Cancer Patients Who Received SIRT. Clin Nucl Med. 2013;38(7):e283-e9.
65. Hipps D AF, Manas DM, et al. Selective interarterial radiation therapy (SIRT) in colorectal liver metastases: how do we monitor response? HPB Surg. 2013. doi: 10.1155/2013/570808.
66. Wong CY SR, Raman S, et al. Evaluating 90Y-glass microsphere treatment response of unresectable colorectal liver metastases by F18-FDG PET: A comparison with CT and MRI. Eur J Nucl Med. 2002;29:815-20.
67. Wong CY SR, Qing F, et al. Metabolic response after intraarterial 90Y-glass microsphere treatment for colorectal liver metastases: comparison of quantitative and visual analysis by 18F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:1892-7.
68. Zerizer I A-NA, Towey D, et al. 18F-FDG PET/CT in prediction of progression-free survival after 90Y radioembolization: comparison with RECIST and tumour density criteria. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;39:1391-9. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2149-1.
69. Ringe B PR, Wittekind C, Tusch G. Surgical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: Experience with liver resection and transplantation in 198 patients. World J Surg. 1991;15(2):270-85.
70. Mazzaferro V RE, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(11):693-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199603143341104.
71. Mazzaferro V CY, Poon RT, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2008;15(4):1001-7. doi: 10.1245/s10434-007-9559-5.
72. Chan SC FS. Selection of patients of hepatocellular carcinoma beyond the milan criteria for liver transplantation. Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr. 2013;2(2):84-8. doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2012.12.04.
73. Yao FY FL, Bass NM, et al. Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology. 2001;33(6):1394-403. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2001.24563.
74. Gates VL MK, Salzig K, et al. Outpatient single-session yttrium-90 glass microsphere radioembolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25(2):266-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.11.005.
75. McCann JW LA, Martino LJ, et al. Radiation emission from patients treated with selective hepatic radioembolization using yttrium-90 microspheres: Are contact restrictions necessary? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2012;23(5):661-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2012.01.070.
76. Eghtesad B AF. Liver transplantation for malignancies. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2014. doi: 10.1007/s12029-014-9590-2.
77. Pavel M BE, Couvelard A, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines for the management of patients with liver and other distant metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms of foregut, midgut, hindgut, and unknown primary. Neuroendocrinology. 2012;95(2):157-76. doi: 10.1159/000335597.
78. Mazzaferro V PA, Coppa J. Neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver: How to select patients for liver transplantation?. J Hepatol. 2007;47(4):460-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2007.07.004.
79. Rossi RE BA, Caplin ME. Liver transplantation for unresectable neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014. doi: 10.1245/s10434-014-3523-y.
80. Farges O BJ, Kianmanesh R, et al. Portal vein embolization before right hepatectomy: Prospective clinical trial. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;237(2):208-17. doi: 10.1097/01.SLA.0000048447.16651.7B.
81. de Baere T TC, Deschamps F, et al. Predictive factors for hypertrophy of the future remnant liver after selective portal vein embolization. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010;17(8):2081-9. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-0979-2.
82. Denys A PJ, Bize P, et al. Portal vein embolization: What do we know? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012;35(5):999-1008. doi: 10.1007/s00270-011-0300-1.
83. Jakobs TF SS, Atassi B, et al. Fibrosis, portal hypertension, and hepatic volume changes induced by intra-arterial radiotherapy with 90yttrium microspheres. Dig Dis Sci. 2008;53(9):2556-63. doi: 10.1007/s10620-007-0148-z.
84. Gaba RC LR, Kulik LM. Radiation lobectomy: Preliminary findings of hepatic volumetric response to lobar yttrium-90 radioembolization. Ann Surg Oncol. 2009;16(6):1587-96. doi: 10.1245/s10434-009-0454-0.
85. Ahmadzadehfar H MC, Ezziddin S, et al. Hepatic volume changes induced by radioembolization with 90Y resin microspheres. A single-centre study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40(1):80-90. doi: 10.1007/s00259-012-2253-2.
86. Edeline J LL, Boudjema K, et al. Volumetric changes after (90)y radioembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: An option to portal vein embolization in a preoperative setting? Ann Surg Oncol. 2013;20(8):2518-25. doi: 10.1245/s10434-013-2906-9.
87. Vouche M LR, Atassi R, et al. Radiation lobectomy: Time-dependent analysis of future liver remnant volume in unresectable liver cancer as a bridge to resection. J Hepatol. 2013;59(5):1029-36. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.06.015.
88. Garlipp B dBT, Damm R, et al. Left-liver hypertrophy after therapeutic right-liver radioembolization cis substantial but less than after portal vein embolization. Hepatology. 2013. doi: 10.1002/hep.26947.
89. Klink T SP, Knopp C, et al. Liver remnant regeneration in donors after living donor liver transplantation: Long-term follow-up using CT and MR imaging. Rafo. 2013. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1355894.
90. Correa D SL, Jarnagin WR, et al. Kinetics of liver volume changes in the first year after portal vein embolization. Arch Surg. 2010;145(4):351-4. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.2010.42.
91. Hirai I KW, Fuse A, et al. Evaluation of preoperative portal embolization for safe hepatectomy, with special reference to assessment of nonembolized lobe function with 99mTc-GSA SPECT scintigraphy. Surgery. 2003;133:495-506. doi: 10.1067/msy.2003.138.
92. Nishiyama Y YY, Hino I, et al. 99mTc galactosyl human serum albumin liver dynamic SPET for pre operative assessment of hepatectomy in relation to percutaneous tranhepatic portal embolization. Nuc Med Comm. 2003;24:809-17. doi: 10.1097/01.mnm.0000080247.50447.34.
93. Bennink RJ DS, Erdogan D, et al. Preoperative Assessment of Postoperative Remnant Liver Function Using Hepatobiliary Sintigraphy. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(6):965-71.
94. Redaelli CA DJ, Wagner M, et al. Preoperative galactose elimination capacity predicts complications and survival after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2002;235:77-85.
95. Hemming AW SC, Shackleton CR, et al.. Indocyanine green clearance as a predictor of succesful hepatic resection in cirrhotic patients. Am J Surg. 1992;163:515-8.
96. Sasaki N SS, Iwata Y, et al. Clinical usefulness of scintigraphy with 99mTc- galactosyl-human serum albumin for prognosis of cirrhosis of the liver. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1652-6.
97. Yamaguchi H SS, et al. Relationship between indocyanine green test and technetium-99m galactosyl serum albumin scintigraphy in patients scheduled for hepatectomy: clinical evaluation and patient outcome.. Hepatology Research. 2004;28:184-90.
98. Nanashima A YH, Shibasaki S, et al. Relationship between indocyanine green test and technetium-99m galactosyl serum albumin scintigraphy in patients scheduled for hepatectomy: clinical evaluation and patient outcome. Hepatology Research. 2004;28:184-90.
99. Satoh K YY, Nishiyama Y, et al. 99mTc-GSA liver dynamic SPECT for the preoperative assessment of hepatectomy. Ann Nucl Med. 2003;17:61-7.
100. Bennink RJ dGW, van Gulik TM. Toward a total and regional scintigraphic liver function test enabling assessment of future remnant liver function. Nuc Med Comm. 2011;32(8):669-71. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e328347a9ed.
101. Krishnamurthy GT KS. Nuclear hepatology: a textbook of hepatobiliary diseases. New York: Springer. 2000.
102. Erdogan D HB, Bennink RJ, et al. Preoperative assessment of liver function: a comparison of 99mTc-Mebrofenin scintigraphy with indocyanine green clearance test. Liver Int. 2004;24:117-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2004.0901.x.
103. de Graaf W vLK, Dinant S, et al. Assessment of future remnant liver function using hepatobiliary scintigraphy in patients undergoing major liver resection. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010;14(2):369-78. doi: 10.1007/s11605-009-1085-2.
104. de Graaf W vLK, van den Esschert JW, et al. Increase in future remnant function after preoperative portal vein embolization. British J Surg. 2011;98(825-834). doi: 10.1002/bjs.7456.
105. Gulec SA PK, Hall M, Fong Y. Preoperative Y-90 microsphere selective internal radiation treatment for tumor downsizing and future liver remnant recruitment: A novel approach to improving the safety of major hepatic resections. World J Surg Oncol. 2009;7(6). doi: 10.1186/1477-7819-7-6.
106. Flamen P VB, Delatte P, et al. Multimodality imaging can predict the metabolic response of unresectable colorectal liver metastases to radioembolization therapy with yttrium-90 labeled resin microspheres. Phys Med Biol. 2008;53(22):6591-603. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/22/019.
107. Eaton BR KH, Schreibmannn E, et al. Quantitative dosimetry for yttrium-90 radionuclide therapy: Tumor dose predicts fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response in hepatic metastatic melanoma. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014;25(2):288-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.08.021.
108. Garin E LL, Rolland Y, et al. Dosimetry based on 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin SPECT/CT accurately predicts tumor response and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with 90Y loaded glass microspheres: Preliminary results. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(2):255-63. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.094235.
109. Garin E LL, Edeline J, et al. Boosted selective internal radiation therapy with 90Y-loaded glass microspheres (B-SIRT) for hepatocellular carcinoma patients: A new personalized promising concept. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;40(7):1057-68. doi: 10.1007/s00259-013-2395-x.
110. Lam MGEH LJ, Abdelmaksoud MH, et al. Limitations of body surface area-based activity calculation for radioembolization of hepatic metastases in colorectal cancer. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.11.018.
111. Kao YH TE, Ng CE, Goh SW. Clinical implications of the body surface area method versus partition model dosimetry for yttrium-90 radioembolization using resin microspheres: A technical review. Ann Nucl Med. 2011;25(7):455-61. doi: 10.1007/s12149-011-0499-6.
112. Kao YH HTA, Burgmans MC, et al. Image-guided personalized predictive dosimetry by artery-specific SPECT/CT partition modeling for safe and effective 90Y radioembolization. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(4):559-66. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.111.097469.
113. Elschot M VB, Lam MEGH et al. Quantitative Comparison of PET and Bremsstrahlung SPECT for Imaging the In Vivo Yttrium-90 Microsphere Distribution after Liver Radioembolization. PLOS one. 2013;8(2):e55742. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055742.
114. Padia SA AA, Kwan SW et al. Comparison of Positron Emission Tomography and Bremsstrahlung Imaging to Detect Particle Distribution in Patients Undergoing Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Large Hepatocellular Carcinomas or Associated Portal Vein Thrombosis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2013;24:1147-53. 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.04.018.
115. Lhommel R vEL, Goffette P et al. Feasibility of 90Y TOF PET-based dosimetry in liver metastasis therapy using SIR-Spheres. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37:1654-62. doi: 10.1007/s00259-010-1470
116. D'Arienzo M CP, Chiacchiarella L et al. 90Y PET-based dosimetry after selective internal radiotherapy treatments. Nucl Med Commun. 2012;33:633-40. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e3283524220.
117. Zade AA RV, Purandare NC et al. 90Y microsphere therapy: does 90Y PET/CT imaging obviate the need for 90Y Bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT imaging? Nucl Med Commun. 2013;34:1090-6. doi: 10.1097/MNM.0b013e328364aa4b.
118. Kao YH SJ, Tay YS et al. Post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT - part 1: diagnostic reporting. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;3(1):56. doi: 10.1186/2191-219X-3-56.
119. Kao YH SJ, Tay YS et al. Post-radioembolization yttrium-90 PET/CT - part 2: dose-response and tumor predictive dosimetry for resin microspheres. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2013;3:57. doi: 10.1186/2191-219X-3-57.
120. Strigari L SR, Rea S et al. Efficacy and Toxicity Related to Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 90Y-SIR Spheres: Radiobiologic Considerations. J Nucl Med. 2010;51:1377-85. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.110.075861.
121. Wan P YX, Xia Q. Operative outcomes of adult living donor liver transplantation and deceased donor liver transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Liver Transpl. 2014;20(4):425-36. doi: 10.1002/lt.23836.
122. Bozbas SS EF, Ozturk Ergur F, et al. Pulmonary complications and mortality after liver transplant. Clin Transplant. 2008;6(4):264-70.
123. Wondergem M SM, Elschot M, et al. 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin poorly predicts the intrahepatic distribution of 90Y resin microspheres in hepatic radioembolization. J Nucl Med. 2013;54(8):1294-301. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.117614.
124. Ulrich G DO, Furth C, et al. Predictive value of intratumoral 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin uptake in patients with colorectal liver metastases scheduled for radioembolization with 90Y-microspheres. J Nucl Med. 2013;54(4):516-22. doi: 10.2967/jnumed.112.112508.