Environmental cadmium and lead exposures and age-related macular degeneration in U.S. adults: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2008

Environmental Research

Volumn 133, Issue , 2014, Pages 178-184

  Wu, Erin W ^a   Schaumberg, Debra A ^b,c   Park, Sung Kyun ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Age related macular degeneration; Cadmium; Lead; NHANES

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CREATININE; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LEAD;

ADULT; BLOOD; CADMIUM; DISEASE PREVALENCE; HEALTH RISK; HEALTH SURVEY; LEAD; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; URINE;

ADULT; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; ARTICLE; BLACK PERSON; BODY BURDEN; BODY MASS; CADMIUM BLOOD LEVEL; CADMIUM URINE LEVEL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CREATININE BLOOD LEVEL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIABETES MELLITUS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EYE PHOTOGRAPHY; FEMALE; FUNDUS CAMERA; GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY; GROUPS BY AGE; HEALTH SURVEY; HEAVY METAL BLOOD LEVEL; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; LEAD BLOOD LEVEL; LIMIT OF DETECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NAMED INVENTORIES, QUESTIONNAIRES AND RATING SCALES; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RACE DIFFERENCE; RETINA IMAGE; RETINA MACULA AGE RELATED DEGENERATION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SMOKING; UNITED STATES; URINE LEVEL; WISCONSIN AGE RELATED MACULOPATHY GRADING SYSTEM;

UNITED STATES;

AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION; CADMIUM; LEAD; NHANES;

AGED; CADMIUM; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEAD; MACULAR DEGENERATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NUTRITION SURVEYS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84904628367     PISSN: 00139351     EISSN: 10960953     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.023     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Ambati J., Ambati B.K., Yoo S.H., Ianchulev S., Adamis A.P. Age-related macular degeneration: etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies. Surv. Ophthalmol. 2003, 48:257-293.
2. ATSDR, 2008a. Toxicological Profile for Cadmium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.
3. ATSDR, 2008b. Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Cadmium Toxicity. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), US Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, GA.
4. Beatty S., Koh H., Phil M., Henson D., Boulton M. The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv. Ophthalmol. 2000, 45:115-134.
5. Bhattacharyya M.H., Wilson A.K., Rajan S.S., Jonah M. Biochemical pathways in cadmium toxicity. Molecular Biology and Toxicology of Heavy Metals 2000, Taylor & Francis, New York. R.K. K.J. Zalupus (Ed.).
6. Choi Y.H., Hu H., Mukherjee B., Miller J., Park S.K. Environmental cadmium and lead exposures and hearing loss in U.S. adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2004. Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120:1544-1550.
7. Choudhury H., Harvey T., Thayer W.C., Lockwood T.F., Stiteler W.M., Goodrum P.E., et al. Urinary cadmium elimination as a biomarker of exposure for evaluating a cadmium dietary exposure - biokinetics model. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A 2001, 63:321-350.
8. Congdon N., O[U+05F3]Colmain B., Klaver C.C., Klein R., Munoz B., Friedman D.S., et al. Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among adults in the United States. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004, 122:477-485.
9. Eichenbaum J.W., Zheng W. Distribution of lead and transthyretin in human eyes. J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 2000, 38:377-381.
10. Erie J.C., Butz J.A., Good J.A., Erie E.A., Burritt M.F., Cameron J.D. Heavy metal concentrations in human eyes. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2005, 139:888-893.
11. Erie J.C., Good J.A., Butz J.A., Hodge D.O., Pulido J.S. Urinary cadmium and age-related macular degeneration. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2007, 144:414-418.
12. Gallagher C.M., Chen J.J., Kovach J.S. The relationship between body iron stores and blood and urine cadmium concentrations in US never-smoking, non-pregnant women aged 20-49 years. Environ. Res. 2011, 111:702-707.
13. Hahn P., Milam A.H., Dunaief J.L. Maculas affected by age-related macular degeneration contain increased chelatable iron in the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch[U+05F3]s membrane. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2003, 121:1099-1105.
14. Holz F.G., Pauleikhoff D., Klein R., Bird A.C. Pathogenesis of lesions in late age-related macular disease. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2004, 137:504-510.
15. Hsu P.C., Guo Y.L. Antioxidant nutrients and lead toxicity. Toxicology 2002, 180:33-44.
16. Hu H., Shih R., Rothenberg S., Schwartz B.S. The epidemiology of lead toxicity in adults: measuring dose and consideration of other methodologic issues. Environ. Health Perspect. 2007, 115:455-462.
17. Jarup L., Berglund M., Elinder C.G., Nordberg G., Vahter M. Health effects of cadmium exposure - a review of the literature and a risk estimate. Scand. J. Work Env. Health 1998, 24(Suppl 1):S1-S51.
18. Klein R., Chou C.F., Klein B.E., Zhang X., Meuer S.M., Saaddine J.B. Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the US population. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2011, 129:75-80.
19. Klein R., Davis M.D., Magli Y.L., Segal P., Klein B.E., Hubbard L. The Wisconsin age-related maculopathy grading system. Ophthalmology 1991, 98:1128-1134.
20. Klein R., Meuer S.M., Moss S.E., Klein B.E., Neider M.W., Reinke J. Detection of age-related macular degeneration using a nonmydriatic digital camera and a standard film fundus camera. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004, 122:1642-1646.
21. Knol M.J., VanderWeele T.J. Recommendations for presenting analyses of effect modification and interaction. Int. J. Epidemiol. 2012, 41:514-520.
22. National Centers for Health Statistics, 2005a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES Laboratory Procedures Manual, Hyattsville, MD.
23. National Centers for Health Statistics, 2005b. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES Ophthalmology Procedures Manual. US Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, MD.
24. National Centers for Health Statistics, 2006. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES Analytic and Reporting Guidelines. US Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, MD.
25. National Centers for Health Statistics, 2007. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. NHANES Laboratory Procedures Manual. US Department of Health and Human Services, Hyattsville, MD.
26. Navas-Acien A., Tellez-Plaza M., Guallar E., Muntner P., Silbergeld E., Jaar B., et al. Blood cadmium and lead and chronic kidney disease in US adults: a joint analysis. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2009, 170:1156-1164.
27. Olsson I.M., Bensryd I., Lundh T., Ottosson H., Skerfving S., Oskarsson A. Cadmium in blood and urine - impact of sex, age, dietary intake, iron status, and former smoking - association of renal effects. Environ. Health Perspect. 2002, 110:1185-1190.
28. Potts A.M., Au P.C. The affinity of melanin for inorganic ions. Exp. Eye Res. 1976, 22:487-491.
29. Rabinowitz M.B. Toxicokinetics of bone lead. Environ. Health Perspect. 1991, 91:33-37.
30. Satarug S., Garrett S.H., Sens M.A., Sens D.A. Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes. Environ. Health Perspect. 2010, 118:182-190.
31. Schaumberg D.A., Mendes F., Balaram M., Dana M.R., Sparrow D., Hu H. Accumulated lead exposure and risk of age-related cataract in men. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 2004, 292:2750-2754.
32. Stohs S.J., Bagchi D. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 1995, 18:321-336.
33. Tellez-Plaza M., Navas-Acien A., Caldwell K.L., Menke A., Muntner P., Guallar E. Reduction in cadmium exposure in the United States population, 1988-2008: the contribution of declining smoking rates. Environ. Health Perspect. 2012, 120:204-209.
34. Tellez-Plaza M., Navas-Acien A., Crainiceanu C.M., Sharrett A.R., Guallar E. Cadmium and peripheral arterial disease: gender differences in the 1999-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2010, 172:671-681.
35. Ulshafer R.J., Allen C.B., Rubin M.L. Distributions of elements in the human retinal pigment epithelium. Arch. Ophthalmol. 1990, 108:113-117.
36. Wang Z., Dillon J., Gaillard E.R. Antioxidant properties of melanin in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Photochem. Photobiol. 2006, 82:474-479.
37. Wills N.K., Kalariya N., Sadagopa Ramanujam V.M., Lewis J.R., Haji Abdollahi S., Husain A., et al. Human retinal cadmium accumulation as a factor in the etiology of age-related macular degeneration. Exp. Eye Res. 2009, 89:79-87.
38. Wills N.K., Ramanujam V.M., Chang J., Kalariya N., Lewis J.R., Weng T.X., et al. Cadmium accumulation in the human retina: effects of age, gender, and cellular toxicity. Exp. Eye Res. 2008, 86:41-51.
39. Wong R.W., Richa C., Hahn P., Green W.R., Dunaief J.L. Iron toxicity as a potential factor in AMD. Retin. - J. Retin. Vitr. Dis. 2007, 27:997-1003.
40. Wright R.O., Tsaih S.W., Schwartz J., Wright R.J., Hu H. Association between iron deficiency and blood lead level in a longitudinal analysis of children followed in an urban primary care clinic. J. Pediatr. 2003, 142:9-14.
41. Zarbin M.A. Current concepts in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004, 122:598-614.