메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 2796-2825

Mechanism of west nile virus neuroinvasion: A critical appraisal

Author keywords

Blood brain barrier; Blood CSF barrier; Blood spinal cord barrier; CSF brain barrier; Neuroinvasion; Pathogenesis; Retrograde axonal transport; West Nile virus

Indexed keywords

ANTIVIRUS AGENT; ENHANCED GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN; LUTEOLIN; VIRUS RNA; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; CELL AGGREGATION FACTORS; VIRUS PROTEIN;

EID: 84904547926     PISSN: 19994915     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3390/v6072796     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (97)

References (143)
  • 1
    • 84864433330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The contribution of rodent models to the pathological assessment of flaviviral infections of the central nervous system
    • Clark, D.C.; Brault, A.C.; Hunsperger, E. The contribution of rodent models to the pathological assessment of flaviviral infections of the central nervous system. Arch. Virol. 2012, 157, 1423-1440.
    • (2012) Arch. Virol. , vol.157 , pp. 1423-1440
    • Clark, D.C.1    Brault, A.C.2    Hunsperger, E.3
  • 2
    • 84888254309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus introduction into the new world
    • Steiner, I.; Kennedy, P.G. West nile virus introduction into the new world. Neurology 2013, 81, 1441-1442.
    • (2013) Neurology , vol.81 , pp. 1441-1442
    • Steiner, I.1    Kennedy, P.G.2
  • 3
    • 84879587079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus and other arboviral diseases-United States, 2012
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, USA
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. West nile virus and other arboviral diseases-United States, 2012. In MMWR; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, GA, USA, 2013; Volume 62, pp. 513-528.
    • (2013) MMWR , vol.62 , pp. 513-528
  • 4
    • 80052622162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus neuroinvasive disease
    • Debiasi, R.L. West nile virus neuroinvasive disease. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 2011, 13, 350-359.
    • (2011) Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. , vol.13 , pp. 350-359
    • Debiasi, R.L.1
  • 5
    • 32944469306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus: Epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the united states
    • Hayes, E.B.; Gubler, D.J. West nile virus: Epidemiology and clinical features of an emerging epidemic in the united states. Annu. Rev. Med. 2006, 57, 181-194.
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Med. , vol.57 , pp. 181-194
    • Hayes, E.B.1    Gubler, D.J.2
  • 6
    • 78650517811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the seasonal cycles of bird, equine and human west nile virus cases
    • Laperriere, V.; Brugger, K.; Rubel, F. Simulation of the seasonal cycles of bird, equine and human west nile virus cases. Prev. Vet. Med. 2011, 98, 99-110.
    • (2011) Prev. Vet. Med. , vol.98 , pp. 99-110
    • Laperriere, V.1    Brugger, K.2    Rubel, F.3
  • 7
    • 68549121126 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: Part 1
    • Tyler, K.L. Emerging viral infections of the central nervous system: Part 1. Arch. Neurol. 2009, 66, 939-948.
    • (2009) Arch. Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 939-948
    • Tyler, K.L.1
  • 8
    • 4444273465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus infection of horses
    • Castillo-Olivares, J.; Wood, J. West nile virus infection of horses. Vet. Res. 2004, 35, 467-483.
    • (2004) Vet. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 467-483
    • Castillo-Olivares, J.1    Wood, J.2
  • 9
    • 0036407156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular biology of west nile virus: A new invader of the western hemisphere
    • Brinton, M.A. The molecular biology of west nile virus: A new invader of the western hemisphere. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2002, 56, 371-402.
    • (2002) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.56 , pp. 371-402
    • Brinton, M.A.1
  • 10
    • 84870836254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus: A re-emerging pathogen revisited
    • Martin-Acebes, M.A.; Saiz, J.C. West nile virus: A re-emerging pathogen revisited. World J. Virol. 2012, 1, 51-70.
    • (2012) World J. Virol. , vol.1 , pp. 51-70
    • Martin-Acebes, M.A.1    Saiz, J.C.2
  • 14
    • 34247554950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental infections with west nile virus
    • Bowen, R.A.; Nemeth, N.M. Experimental infections with west nile virus. Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. 2007, 20, 293-297.
    • (2007) Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 293-297
    • Bowen, R.A.1    Nemeth, N.M.2
  • 15
    • 35548969712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tissue tropism and neuroinvasion of west nile virus do not differ for two mouse strains with different survival rates
    • Brown, A.N.; Kent, K.A.; Bennett, C.J.; Bernard, K.A. Tissue tropism and neuroinvasion of west nile virus do not differ for two mouse strains with different survival rates. Virology 2007, 368, 422-430.
    • (2007) Virology , vol.368 , pp. 422-430
    • Brown, A.N.1    Kent, K.A.2    Bennett, C.J.3    Bernard, K.A.4
  • 16
    • 34249069580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus encephalitis: Sequential histopathological and immunological events in a murine model of infection
    • Garcia-Tapia, D.; Hassett, D.E.; Mitchell, W.J., Jr.; Johnson, G.C.; Kleiboeker, S.B. West nile virus encephalitis: Sequential histopathological and immunological events in a murine model of infection. J. Neurovirol. 2007, 13, 130-138.
    • (2007) J. Neurovirol. , vol.13 , pp. 130-138
    • Garcia-Tapia, D.1    Hassett, D.E.2    Mitchell Jr., W.J.3    Johnson, G.C.4    Kleiboeker, S.B.5
  • 17
    • 77649188957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral pathogenesis in mice is similar for west nile virus derived from mosquito and mammalian cells
    • Lim, P.Y.; Louie, K.L.; Styer, L.M.; Shi, P.Y.; Bernard, K.A. Viral pathogenesis in mice is similar for west nile virus derived from mosquito and mammalian cells. Virology 2010, 400, 93-103.
    • (2010) Virology , vol.400 , pp. 93-103
    • Lim, P.Y.1    Louie, K.L.2    Styer, L.M.3    Shi, P.Y.4    Bernard, K.A.5
  • 18
    • 0014854412 scopus 로고
    • Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of west nile virus in mice of different ages
    • Weiner, L.P.; Cole, G.A.; Nathanson, N. Experimental encephalitis following peripheral inoculation of west nile virus in mice of different ages. J. Hyg. (Lond.) 1970, 68, 435-446.
    • (1970) J. Hyg. (Lond.) , vol.68 , pp. 435-446
    • Weiner, L.P.1    Cole, G.A.2    Nathanson, N.3
  • 19
    • 0037319970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by west nile encephalitis virus
    • Diamond, M.S.; Shrestha, B.; Marri, A.; Mahan, D.; Engle, M. B cells and antibody play critical roles in the immediate defense of disseminated infection by west nile encephalitis virus. J. Virol. 2003, 77, 2578-2586.
    • (2003) J. Virol. , vol.77 , pp. 2578-2586
    • Diamond, M.S.1    Shrestha, B.2    Marri, A.3    Mahan, D.4    Engle, M.5
  • 20
    • 0024811059 scopus 로고
    • The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of west nile virus
    • Ben-Nathan, D.; Lustig, S.; Feuerstein, G. The influence of cold or isolation stress on neuroinvasiveness and virulence of an attenuated variant of west nile virus. Arch. Virol. 1989, 109, 1-10.
    • (1989) Arch. Virol. , vol.109 , pp. 1-10
    • Ben-Nathan, D.1    Lustig, S.2    Feuerstein, G.3
  • 21
    • 0029788967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cold stress-induced neuroinvasiveness of attenuated arboviruses is not solely mediated by corticosterone
    • Ben-Nathan, D.; Lustig, S.; Kobiler, D. Cold stress-induced neuroinvasiveness of attenuated arboviruses is not solely mediated by corticosterone. Arch. Virol. 1996, 141, 1221-1229.
    • (1996) Arch. Virol. , vol.141 , pp. 1221-1229
    • Ben-Nathan, D.1    Lustig, S.2    Kobiler, D.3
  • 22
    • 0347593991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A critical role for induced igm in the protection against west nile virus infection
    • Diamond, M.S.; Sitati, E.M.; Friend, L.D.; Higgs, S.; Shrestha, B.; Engle, M. A critical role for induced igm in the protection against west nile virus infection. J. Exp. Med. 2003, 198, 1853-1862.
    • (2003) J. Exp. Med. , vol.198 , pp. 1853-1862
    • Diamond, M.S.1    Sitati, E.M.2    Friend, L.D.3    Higgs, S.4    Shrestha, B.5    Engle, M.6
  • 24
    • 3242677841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of cd8(+) t cells in control of west nile virus infection
    • Shrestha, B.; Diamond, M.S. Role of cd8(+) t cells in control of west nile virus infection. J. Virol. 2004, 78, 8312-8321.
    • (2004) J. Virol. , vol.78 , pp. 8312-8321
    • Shrestha, B.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 25
    • 27144486896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpha/beta interferon protects against lethal west nile virus infection by restricting cellular tropism and enhancing neuronal survival
    • Samuel, M.A.; Diamond, M.S. Alpha/beta interferon protects against lethal west nile virus infection by restricting cellular tropism and enhancing neuronal survival. J. Virol. 2005, 79, 13350-13361.
    • (2005) J. Virol. , vol.79 , pp. 13350-13361
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 26
    • 33646707490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective immune responses against west nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways
    • Mehlhop, E.; Diamond, M.S. Protective immune responses against west nile virus are primed by distinct complement activation pathways. J. Exp. Med. 2006, 203, 1371-1381.
    • (2006) J. Exp. Med. , vol.203 , pp. 1371-1381
    • Mehlhop, E.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 27
    • 33745789833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pkr and rnase l contribute to protection against lethal west nile virus infection by controlling early viral spread in the periphery and replication in neurons
    • Samuel, M.A.; Whitby, K.; Keller, B.C.; Marri, A.; Barchet, W.; Williams, B.R.; Silverman, R.H.; Gale, M. Jr.; Diamond, M.S. Pkr and rnase l contribute to protection against lethal west nile virus infection by controlling early viral spread in the periphery and replication in neurons. J. Virol. 2006, 80, 7009-7019.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 7009-7019
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Whitby, K.2    Keller, B.C.3    Marri, A.4    Barchet, W.5    Williams, B.R.6    Silverman, R.H.7    Gale Jr., M.8    Diamond, M.S.9
  • 28
    • 33646738698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against west nile virus infection
    • Shrestha, B.; Wang, T.; Samuel, M.A.; Whitby, K.; Craft, J.; Fikrig, E.; Diamond, M.S. Gamma interferon plays a crucial early antiviral role in protection against west nile virus infection. J. Virol. 2006, 80, 5338-5348.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 5338-5348
    • Shrestha, B.1    Wang, T.2    Samuel, M.A.3    Whitby, K.4    Craft, J.5    Fikrig, E.6    Diamond, M.S.7
  • 30
    • 70450263474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular elements of the blood-brain barrier
    • Correale, J.; Villa, A. Cellular elements of the blood-brain barrier. Neurochem. Res. 2009, 34, 2067-2077.
    • (2009) Neurochem. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 2067-2077
    • Correale, J.1    Villa, A.2
  • 32
    • 60949114530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus infection modulates human brain microvascular endothelial cells tight junction proteins and cell adhesion molecules: Transmigration across the in vitro blood-brain barrier
    • Verma, S.; Lo, Y.; Chapagain, M.; Lum, S.; Kumar, M.; Gurjav, U.; Luo, H.; Nakatsuka, A.; Nerurkar, V.R. West nile virus infection modulates human brain microvascular endothelial cells tight junction proteins and cell adhesion molecules: Transmigration across the in vitro blood-brain barrier. Virology 2009, 385, 425-433.
    • (2009) Virology , vol.385 , pp. 425-433
    • Verma, S.1    Lo, Y.2    Chapagain, M.3    Lum, S.4    Kumar, M.5    Gurjav, U.6    Luo, H.7    Nakatsuka, A.8    Nerurkar, V.R.9
  • 33
    • 77953125330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcellular transport of west nile virus-like particles across human endothelial cells depends on residues 156 and 159 of envelope protein
    • Hasebe, R.; Suzuki, T.; Makino, Y.; Igarashi, M.; Yamanouchi, S.; Maeda, A.; Horiuchi, M.; Sawa, H.; Kimura, T. Transcellular transport of west nile virus-like particles across human endothelial cells depends on residues 156 and 159 of envelope protein. BMC Microbiol. 2010, 10, 165-165.
    • (2010) BMC Microbiol. , vol.10 , pp. 165
    • Hasebe, R.1    Suzuki, T.2    Makino, Y.3    Igarashi, M.4    Yamanouchi, S.5    Maeda, A.6    Horiuchi, M.7    Sawa, H.8    Kimura, T.9
  • 34
    • 0031721256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Japanese encephalitis virus is transported across the cerebral blood vessels by endocytosis in mouse brain
    • Liou, M.L.; Hsu, C.Y. Japanese encephalitis virus is transported across the cerebral blood vessels by endocytosis in mouse brain. Cell Tissue Res. 1998, 293, 389-394.
    • (1998) Cell Tissue Res. , vol.293 , pp. 389-394
    • Liou, M.L.1    Hsu, C.Y.2
  • 35
    • 0025271334 scopus 로고
    • Entry of neurotropic arboviruses into the central nervous system: An in vitro study using mouse brain endothelium
    • Dropulic, B.; Masters, C.L. Entry of neurotropic arboviruses into the central nervous system: An in vitro study using mouse brain endothelium. J. Infect. Dis. 1990, 161, 685-691.
    • (1990) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.161 , pp. 685-691
    • Dropulic, B.1    Masters, C.L.2
  • 37
    • 0035406186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in naturally occuring west nile virus infection in horses
    • Cantile, C.; Del Piero, F.; di Guardo, G.; Arispici, M. Pathologic and immunohistochemical findings in naturally occuring west nile virus infection in horses. Vet. Pathol. 2001, 38, 414-421.
    • (2001) Vet. Pathol. , vol.38 , pp. 414-421
    • Cantile, C.1    Del Piero, F.2    Di Guardo, G.3    Arispici, M.4
  • 39
    • 11144273976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 3 mediates west nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis
    • Wang, T.; Town, T.; Alexopoulou, L.; Anderson, J.F.; Fikrig, E.; Flavell, R.A. Toll-like receptor 3 mediates west nile virus entry into the brain causing lethal encephalitis. Nat. Med. 2004, 10, 1366-1373.
    • (2004) Nat. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 1366-1373
    • Wang, T.1    Town, T.2    Alexopoulou, L.3    Anderson, J.F.4    Fikrig, E.5    Flavell, R.A.6
  • 41
    • 73949154760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reversal of west nile virus-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and tight junction proteins degradation by matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor
    • Verma, S.; Kumar, M.; Gurjav, U.; Lum, S.; Nerurkar, V.R. Reversal of west nile virus-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and tight junction proteins degradation by matrix metalloproteinases inhibitor. Virology 2010, 397, 130-138.
    • (2010) Virology , vol.397 , pp. 130-138
    • Verma, S.1    Kumar, M.2    Gurjav, U.3    Lum, S.4    Nerurkar, V.R.5
  • 42
    • 84861126381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier in mice is characterized by the degradation of the junctional complex proteins and increase in multiple matrix metalloproteinases
    • Roe, K.; Kumar, M.; Lum, S.; Orillo, B.; Nerurkar, V.R.; Verma, S. West nile virus-induced disruption of the blood-brain barrier in mice is characterized by the degradation of the junctional complex proteins and increase in multiple matrix metalloproteinases. J. Gen. Virol. 2012, 93, 1193-1203.
    • (2012) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.93 , pp. 1193-1203
    • Roe, K.1    Kumar, M.2    Lum, S.3    Orillo, B.4    Nerurkar, V.R.5    Verma, S.6
  • 44
    • 84861371021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus infection causes endocytosis of a specific subset of tight junction membrane proteins
    • Xu, Z.; Waeckerlin, R.; Urbanowski, M.D.; van Marle, G.; Hobman, T.C. West nile virus infection causes endocytosis of a specific subset of tight junction membrane proteins. PLoS One 2012, 7, e37886.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Xu, Z.1    Waeckerlin, R.2    Urbanowski, M.D.3    van Marle, G.4    Hobman, T.C.5
  • 45
    • 0030785480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early e-selectin, vcam-1, icam-1, and late major histocompatibility complex antigen induction on human endothelial cells by flavivirus and comodulation of adhesion molecule expression by immune cytokines
    • Shen, J.; Tto, S.S.; Schrieber, L.; King, N.J.C. Early e-selectin, vcam-1, icam-1, and late major histocompatibility complex antigen induction on human endothelial cells by flavivirus and comodulation of adhesion molecule expression by immune cytokines. J. Virol. 1997, 71, 9323-9332.
    • (1997) J. Virol. , vol.71 , pp. 9323-9332
    • Shen, J.1    Tto, S.S.2    Schrieber, L.3    King, N.J.C.4
  • 46
    • 41949099912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Icam-1 participates in the entry of west nile virus into the central nervous system
    • Dai, J.; Wang, P.; Bai, F.; Town, T.; Fikrig, E. Icam-1 participates in the entry of west nile virus into the central nervous system. J. Virol. 2008, 82, 4164-4168.
    • (2008) J. Virol. , vol.82 , pp. 4164-4168
    • Dai, J.1    Wang, P.2    Bai, F.3    Town, T.4    Fikrig, E.5
  • 47
    • 50049106591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental cues, dendritic cells and the programming of tissue-selective lymphocyte trafficking
    • Sigmundsdottir, H.; Butcher, E.C. Environmental cues, dendritic cells and the programming of tissue-selective lymphocyte trafficking. Nat. Immunol. 2008, 9, 981-987.
    • (2008) Nat. Immunol. , vol.9 , pp. 981-987
    • Sigmundsdottir, H.1    Butcher, E.C.2
  • 48
    • 84899624208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced immune cell infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain of type 2 diabetic mouse model infected with west nile virus
    • Kumar, M.; Roe, K.; Nerurkar, P.V.; Orillo, B.; Thompson, K.S.; Verma, S.; Nerurkar, V.R. Reduced immune cell infiltration and increased pro-inflammatory mediators in the brain of type 2 diabetic mouse model infected with west nile virus. J. Neuroinflammation 2014, 11, 80.
    • (2014) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.11 , pp. 80
    • Kumar, M.1    Roe, K.2    Nerurkar, P.V.3    Orillo, B.4    Thompson, K.S.5    Verma, S.6    Nerurkar, V.R.7
  • 49
    • 84867901526 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeted blockade in lethal west nile virus encephalitis indicates a crucial role for very late antigen (vla)-4-dependent recruitment of nitric oxide-producing macrophages
    • Getts, D.R.; Terry, R.L.; Getts, M.T.; Muller, M.; Rana, S.; Deffrasnes, C.; Ashhurst, T.M.; Radford, J.; Hofer, M.; Thomas, S.; et al. Targeted blockade in lethal west nile virus encephalitis indicates a crucial role for very late antigen (vla)-4-dependent recruitment of nitric oxide-producing macrophages. J. Neuroinflammation 2012, 9, 1742-2094.
    • (2012) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.9 , pp. 1742-2094
    • Getts, D.R.1    Terry, R.L.2    Getts, M.T.3    Muller, M.4    Rana, S.5    Deffrasnes, C.6    Ashhurst, T.M.7    Radford, J.8    Hofer, M.9    Thomas, S.10
  • 50
    • 33748933523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of west nile virus infection: A balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion
    • Samuel, M.A.; Diamond, M.S. Pathogenesis of west nile virus infection: A balance between virulence, innate and adaptive immunity, and viral evasion. J. Virol. 2006, 80, 9349-9360.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 9349-9360
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Diamond, M.S.2
  • 52
    • 21344455519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cells of the central nervous system as targets and reservoirs of the human immunodeficiency virus
    • Kramer-Hammerle, S.; Rothenaigner, I.; Wolff, H.; Bell, J.E.; Brack-Werner, R. Cells of the central nervous system as targets and reservoirs of the human immunodeficiency virus. Virus Res. 2005, 111, 194-213.
    • (2005) Virus Res. , vol.111 , pp. 194-213
    • Kramer-Hammerle, S.1    Rothenaigner, I.2    Wolff, H.3    Bell, J.E.4    Brack-Werner, R.5
  • 53
    • 77958527908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from west nile virus (wnv)-infected sk-n-sh cells mediate neuroinflammatory markers and neuronal death
    • Kumar, M.; Verma, S.; Nerurkar, V.R. Pro-inflammatory cytokines derived from west nile virus (wnv)-infected sk-n-sh cells mediate neuroinflammatory markers and neuronal death. J. Neuroinflammation 2010, 7, 73-73.
    • (2010) J. Neuroinflammation , vol.7 , pp. 73
    • Kumar, M.1    Verma, S.2    Nerurkar, V.R.3
  • 56
    • 33644552095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Replication of west nile virus in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
    • Garcia-Tapia, D.; Loiacono, C.M.; Klelboeker, S.B. Replication of west nile virus in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2006, 110, 229-244.
    • (2006) Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. , vol.110 , pp. 229-244
    • Garcia-Tapia, D.1    Loiacono, C.M.2    Klelboeker, S.B.3
  • 57
    • 33746889452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal analyses of the neuropathogenesis of a west nile virus infection in mice
    • Hunsperger, E.A.; Roehrig, J.T. Temporal analyses of the neuropathogenesis of a west nile virus infection in mice. J. Neurovirol. 2006, 12, 129-139.
    • (2006) J. Neurovirol. , vol.12 , pp. 129-139
    • Hunsperger, E.A.1    Roehrig, J.T.2
  • 62
    • 84855997100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is involved in the early step of japanese encephalitis virus infection
    • Li, J.K.; Liang, J.J.; Liao, C.L.; Lin, Y.L. Autophagy is involved in the early step of japanese encephalitis virus infection. Microbes Infect. 2012, 14, 159-168.
    • (2012) Microbes Infect. , vol.14 , pp. 159-168
    • Li, J.K.1    Liang, J.J.2    Liao, C.L.3    Lin, Y.L.4
  • 63
    • 84878616480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel recombinant hepatitis b virus vectors efficiently deliver protein and rna encoding genes into primary hepatocytes
    • Hong, R.; Bai, W.Y.; Zhai, J.W.; Liu, W.; Li, X.Y.; Zhang, J.M.; Cui, X.X.; Zhao, X.; Ye, X.L.; Deng, Q.; et al. Novel recombinant hepatitis b virus vectors efficiently deliver protein and rna encoding genes into primary hepatocytes. J. Virol. 2013, 87, 6615-6624.
    • (2013) J. Virol. , vol.87 , pp. 6615-6624
    • Hong, R.1    Bai, W.Y.2    Zhai, J.W.3    Liu, W.4    Li, X.Y.5    Zhang, J.M.6    Cui, X.X.7    Zhao, X.8    Ye, X.L.9    Deng, Q.10
  • 64
    • 36749000533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal transport mediates west nile virus entry into the central nervous system and induces acute flaccid paralysis
    • Samuel, M.A.; Wang, H.; Siddharthan, V.; Morrey, J.D.; Diamond, M.S. Axonal transport mediates west nile virus entry into the central nervous system and induces acute flaccid paralysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007, 104, 17140-17145.
    • (2007) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.104 , pp. 17140-17145
    • Samuel, M.A.1    Wang, H.2    Siddharthan, V.3    Morrey, J.D.4    Diamond, M.S.5
  • 65
    • 70450248477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus preferentially transports along motor neuron axons after sciatic nerve injection of hamsters
    • Wang, H.; Siddharthan, V.; Hall, J.O.; Morrey, J.D. West nile virus preferentially transports along motor neuron axons after sciatic nerve injection of hamsters. J. Neurovirol. 2009, 15, 293-299.
    • (2009) J. Neurovirol. , vol.15 , pp. 293-299
    • Wang, H.1    Siddharthan, V.2    Hall, J.O.3    Morrey, J.D.4
  • 67
    • 0035131852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paraneoplastic anti-cv2 antibodies react with peripheral nerve and are associated with a mixed axonal and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy
    • Antoine, J.C.; Honnorat, J.; Camdessanche, J.P.; Magistris, M.; Absi, L.; Mosnier, J.F.; Petiot, P.; Kopp, N.; Michel, D. Paraneoplastic anti-cv2 antibodies react with peripheral nerve and are associated with a mixed axonal and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy. Ann. Neurol. 2001, 49, 214-221.
    • (2001) Ann. Neurol. , vol.49 , pp. 214-221
    • Antoine, J.C.1    Honnorat, J.2    Camdessanche, J.P.3    Magistris, M.4    Absi, L.5    Mosnier, J.F.6    Petiot, P.7    Kopp, N.8    Michel, D.9
  • 68
    • 79955790432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autonomic nervous dysfunction in hamsters infected with west nile virus
    • Wang, H.; Siddharthan, V.; Hall, J.O.; Morrey, J.D. Autonomic nervous dysfunction in hamsters infected with west nile virus. PLoS One 2011, 6, e19575.
    • (2011) PLoS One , vol.6
    • Wang, H.1    Siddharthan, V.2    Hall, J.O.3    Morrey, J.D.4
  • 69
    • 80051942967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The interaction of flavivirus m protein with light chain tctex-1 of human dynein plays a role in late stages of virus replication
    • Brault, J.B.; Kudelko, M.; Vidalain, P.O.; Tangy, F.; Despres, P.; Pardigon, N. The interaction of flavivirus m protein with light chain tctex-1 of human dynein plays a role in late stages of virus replication. Virology 2011, 417, 369-378.
    • (2011) Virology , vol.417 , pp. 369-378
    • Brault, J.B.1    Kudelko, M.2    Vidalain, P.O.3    Tangy, F.4    Despres, P.5    Pardigon, N.6
  • 70
    • 70450230499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocodazole delays viral entry into the brain following footpad inoculation with west nile virus in mice
    • Hunsperger, E.A.; Roehrig, J.T. Nocodazole delays viral entry into the brain following footpad inoculation with west nile virus in mice. J. Neurovirol. 2009, 15, 211-218.
    • (2009) J. Neurovirol. , vol.15 , pp. 211-218
    • Hunsperger, E.A.1    Roehrig, J.T.2
  • 71
    • 0020595817 scopus 로고
    • Mode of entry of a neurotropic arbovirus into the central nervous system. Reinvestigation of an old controversy
    • Monath, T.P.; Cropp, C.B.; Harrison, A.K. Mode of entry of a neurotropic arbovirus into the central nervous system. Reinvestigation of an old controversy. Lab. Invest. 1983, 48, 399-410.
    • (1983) Lab. Invest. , vol.48 , pp. 399-410
    • Monath, T.P.1    Cropp, C.B.2    Harrison, A.K.3
  • 72
    • 0001447484 scopus 로고
    • West nile virus infection in mice following exposure to a viral aerosol
    • Nir, Y.; Beemer, A.; Goldwasser, R.A. West nile virus infection in mice following exposure to a viral aerosol. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1965, 46, 443.
    • (1965) Br. J. Exp. Pathol. , vol.46 , pp. 443
    • Nir, Y.1    Beemer, A.2    Goldwasser, R.A.3
  • 73
    • 0029929737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the spread of murray valley encephalitis viruses of high or low neuroinvasiveness in the tissues of swiss mice after peripheral inoculation
    • McMinn, P.C.; Dalgarno, L.; Weir, R.C. A comparison of the spread of murray valley encephalitis viruses of high or low neuroinvasiveness in the tissues of swiss mice after peripheral inoculation. Virology 1996, 220, 414-423.
    • (1996) Virology , vol.220 , pp. 414-423
    • McMinn, P.C.1    Dalgarno, L.2    Weir, R.C.3
  • 74
    • 0023179807 scopus 로고
    • Fenestrated endothelia in vessels of the nasal mucosa. An electron-microscopic study in the rabbit
    • Grevers, G.; Herrmann, U. Fenestrated endothelia in vessels of the nasal mucosa. An electron-microscopic study in the rabbit. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 1987, 244, 55-60.
    • (1987) Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. , vol.244 , pp. 55-60
    • Grevers, G.1    Herrmann, U.2
  • 75
    • 67649482295 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain lesions induced by experimental intranasal infection of japanese encephalitis virus in piglets
    • Yamada, M.; Nakamura, K.; Yoshii, M.; Kaku, Y.; Narita, M. Brain lesions induced by experimental intranasal infection of japanese encephalitis virus in piglets. J. Comp. Pathol. 2009, 141, 156-162.
    • (2009) J. Comp. Pathol. , vol.141 , pp. 156-162
    • Yamada, M.1    Nakamura, K.2    Yoshii, M.3    Kaku, Y.4    Narita, M.5
  • 77
    • 41649088895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased blood-brain barrier permeability is not a primary determinant for lethality of west nile virus infection in rodents
    • Morrey, J.D.; Olsen, A.L.; Siddharthan, V.; Motter, N.E.; Wang, H.; Taro, B.S.; Chen, D.; Ruffner, D.; Hall, J.O. Increased blood-brain barrier permeability is not a primary determinant for lethality of west nile virus infection in rodents. J. Gen. Virol. 2008, 89, 467-473.
    • (2008) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.89 , pp. 467-473
    • Morrey, J.D.1    Olsen, A.L.2    Siddharthan, V.3    Motter, N.E.4    Wang, H.5    Taro, B.S.6    Chen, D.7    Ruffner, D.8    Hall, J.O.9
  • 78
    • 79955601003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-arachnoid barrier disruption in experimental rat meningitis detected using gadolinium-enhancement ratio imaging
    • Ichikawa, H.; Itoh, K. Blood-arachnoid barrier disruption in experimental rat meningitis detected using gadolinium-enhancement ratio imaging. Brain Res. 2011, 1390, 142-149.
    • (2011) Brain Res. , vol.1390 , pp. 142-149
    • Ichikawa, H.1    Itoh, K.2
  • 79
    • 29244463365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier
    • Abbott, N.J.; Rönnbäck, L.; Hansson, E. Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006, 7, 41-53.
    • (2006) Nat. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.7 , pp. 41-53
    • Abbott, N.J.1    Rönnbäck, L.2    Hansson, E.3
  • 83
    • 0033975534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The choroid plexuses and the barriers between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid
    • Segal, M.B. The choroid plexuses and the barriers between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 2000, 20, 183-196.
    • (2000) Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. , vol.20 , pp. 183-196
    • Segal, M.B.1
  • 84
    • 84881550022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tanycyte-like cells form a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the circumventricular organs of the mouse brain
    • Langlet, F.; Mullier, A.; Bouret, S.G.; Prevot, V.; Dehouck, B. Tanycyte-like cells form a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier in the circumventricular organs of the mouse brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 2013, 521, 3389-3405.
    • (2013) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.521 , pp. 3389-3405
    • Langlet, F.1    Mullier, A.2    Bouret, S.G.3    Prevot, V.4    Dehouck, B.5
  • 85
    • 0030848142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the pial microvessel a good model for blood-brain barrier studies?
    • Allt, G.; Lawrenson, J.G. Is the pial microvessel a good model for blood-brain barrier studies? Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 1997, 24, 67-76.
    • (1997) Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. , vol.24 , pp. 67-76
    • Allt, G.1    Lawrenson, J.G.2
  • 87
    • 35448994462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroinvasion of fluorescein-positive monocytes in acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection
    • Clay, C.C.; Rodrigues, D.S.; Ho, Y.S.; Fallert, B.A.; Janatpour, K.; Reinhart, T.A.; Esser, U. Neuroinvasion of fluorescein-positive monocytes in acute simian immunodeficiency virus infection. J. Virol. 2007, 81, 12040-12048.
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 12040-12048
    • Clay, C.C.1    Rodrigues, D.S.2    Ho, Y.S.3    Fallert, B.A.4    Janatpour, K.5    Reinhart, T.A.6    Esser, U.7
  • 91
    • 84867083056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood-spinal cord barrier pericyte reductions contribute to increased capillary permeability
    • Winkler, E.A.; Sengillo, J.D.; Bell, R.D.; Wang, J.; Zlokovic, B.V. Blood-spinal cord barrier pericyte reductions contribute to increased capillary permeability. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 2012, 32, 1841-1852.
    • (2012) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.32 , pp. 1841-1852
    • Winkler, E.A.1    Sengillo, J.D.2    Bell, R.D.3    Wang, J.4    Zlokovic, B.V.5
  • 92
    • 80051551970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The blood-spinal cord barrier: Morphology and clinical implications
    • Bartanusz, V.; Jezova, D.; Alajajian, B.; Digicaylioglu, M. The blood-spinal cord barrier: Morphology and clinical implications. Ann. Neurol. 2011, 70, 194-206.
    • (2011) Ann. Neurol. , vol.70 , pp. 194-206
    • Bartanusz, V.1    Jezova, D.2    Alajajian, B.3    Digicaylioglu, M.4
  • 93
    • 34248596656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, protects spinal motor neurons in a murine model of alphavirus encephalomyelitis
    • Prow, N.A.; Irani, D.N. The opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, protects spinal motor neurons in a murine model of alphavirus encephalomyelitis. Exp. Neurol. 2007, 205, 461-470.
    • (2007) Exp. Neurol. , vol.205 , pp. 461-470
    • Prow, N.A.1    Irani, D.N.2
  • 94
    • 67949097270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing patterns of west nile virus transmission: Altered vector competence and host susceptibility
    • Brault, A.C. Changing patterns of west nile virus transmission: Altered vector competence and host susceptibility. Vet. Res. 2009, 40, 1-19.
    • (2009) Vet. Res. , vol.40 , pp. 1-19
    • Brault, A.C.1
  • 95
    • 79951804708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeography of west nile virus: From the cradle of evolution in africa to eurasia, australia, and the americas
    • May, F.J.; Davis, C.T.; Tesh, R.B.; Barrett, A.D. Phylogeography of west nile virus: From the cradle of evolution in africa to eurasia, australia, and the americas. J. Virol. 2011, 85, 2964-2974.
    • (2011) J. Virol. , vol.85 , pp. 2964-2974
    • May, F.J.1    Davis, C.T.2    Tesh, R.B.3    Barrett, A.D.4
  • 99
    • 84862262510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Respiratory insufficiency correlated strongly with mortality of rodents infected with west nile virus
    • Morrey, J.D.; Siddharthan, V.; Wang, H.; Hall, J.O. Respiratory insufficiency correlated strongly with mortality of rodents infected with west nile virus. PLoS One 2012, 7, e38672.
    • (2012) PLoS One , vol.7
    • Morrey, J.D.1    Siddharthan, V.2    Wang, H.3    Hall, J.O.4
  • 100
  • 102
    • 0033544434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of dimerisation of the nonstructural protein ns1 of kunjin virus delays viral replication and reduces virulence in mice, but still allows secretion of ns1
    • Hall, R.A.; Khromykh, A.A.; Mackenzie, J.M.; Scherret, J.H.; Khromykh, T.I.; Mackenzie, J.S. Loss of dimerisation of the nonstructural protein ns1 of kunjin virus delays viral replication and reduces virulence in mice, but still allows secretion of ns1. Virology 1999, 264, 66-75.
    • (1999) Virology , vol.264 , pp. 66-75
    • Hall, R.A.1    Khromykh, A.A.2    McKenzie, J.M.3    Scherret, J.H.4    Khromykh, T.I.5    McKenzie, J.S.6
  • 103
    • 82555176522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple amino acid changes at the first glycosylation motif in ns1 protein of west nile virus are necessary for complete attenuation for mouse neuroinvasiveness
    • Whiteman, M.C.; Wicker, J.A.; Kinney, R.M.; Huang, C.Y.; Solomon, T.; Barrett, A.D. Multiple amino acid changes at the first glycosylation motif in ns1 protein of west nile virus are necessary for complete attenuation for mouse neuroinvasiveness. Vaccine 2011, 29, 9702-9710.
    • (2011) Vaccine , vol.29 , pp. 9702-9710
    • Whiteman, M.C.1    Wicker, J.A.2    Kinney, R.M.3    Huang, C.Y.4    Solomon, T.5    Barrett, A.D.6
  • 104
    • 73949143696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ns1' of flaviviruses in the japanese encephalitis virus serogroup is a product of ribosomal frameshifting and plays a role in viral neuroinvasiveness
    • Melian, E.B.; Hinzman, E.; Nagasaki, T.; Firth, A.E.; Wills, N.M.; Nouwens, A.S.; Blitvich, B.J.; Leung, J.; Funk, A.; Atkins, J.F.; et al. Ns1' of flaviviruses in the japanese encephalitis virus serogroup is a product of ribosomal frameshifting and plays a role in viral neuroinvasiveness. J. Virol. 2010, 84, 1641-1647.
    • (2010) J. Virol. , vol.84 , pp. 1641-1647
    • Melian, E.B.1    Hinzman, E.2    Nagasaki, T.3    Firth, A.E.4    Wills, N.M.5    Nouwens, A.S.6    Blitvich, B.J.7    Leung, J.8    Funk, A.9    Atkins, J.F.10
  • 105
    • 33144482922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single amino acid substitution in the west nile virus nonstructural protein ns2a disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice
    • Liu, W.J.; Wang, X.J.; Clark, D.C.; Lobigs, M.; Hall, R.A.; Khromykh, A.A. A single amino acid substitution in the west nile virus nonstructural protein ns2a disables its ability to inhibit alpha/beta interferon induction and attenuates virus virulence in mice. J. Virol. 2006, 80, 2396-2404.
    • (2006) J. Virol. , vol.80 , pp. 2396-2404
    • Liu, W.J.1    Wang, X.J.2    Clark, D.C.3    Lobigs, M.4    Hall, R.A.5    Khromykh, A.A.6
  • 107
    • 77249129709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Viral determinants in the ns3 helicase and 2k peptide that promote west nile virus resistance to antiviral action of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1b
    • Mertens, E.; Kajaste-Rudnitski, A.; Torres, S.; Funk, A.; Frenkiel, M.-P.; Iteman, I.; Khromykh, A.A.; Desprès, P. Viral determinants in the ns3 helicase and 2k peptide that promote west nile virus resistance to antiviral action of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1b. Virology 2010, 399, 176-185.
    • (2010) Virology , vol.399 , pp. 176-185
    • Mertens, E.1    Kajaste-Rudnitski, A.2    Torres, S.3    Funk, A.4    Frenkiel, M.-P.5    Iteman, I.6    Khromykh, A.A.7    Desprès, P.8
  • 108
    • 58649100667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single-amino acid substitution in west nile virus 2k peptide between ns4a and ns4b confers resistance to lycorine, a flavivirus inhibitor
    • Zou, G.; Puig-Basagoiti, F.; Zhang, B.; Qing, M.; Chen, L.; Pankiewicz, K.W.; Felczak, K.; Yuan, Z.; Shi, P.Y. A single-amino acid substitution in west nile virus 2k peptide between ns4a and ns4b confers resistance to lycorine, a flavivirus inhibitor. Virology 2009, 384, 242-252.
    • (2009) Virology , vol.384 , pp. 242-252
    • Zou, G.1    Puig-Basagoiti, F.2    Zhang, B.3    Qing, M.4    Chen, L.5    Pankiewicz, K.W.6    Felczak, K.7    Yuan, Z.8    Shi, P.Y.9
  • 112
    • 33744465847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single amino acid substitution in the central portion of the west nile virus ns4b protein confers a highly attenuated phenotype in mice
    • Wicker, J.A.; Whiteman, M.C.; Beasley, D.W.; Davis, C.T.; Zhang, S.; Schneider, B.S.; Higgs, S.; Kinney, R.M.; Barrett, A.D. A single amino acid substitution in the central portion of the west nile virus ns4b protein confers a highly attenuated phenotype in mice. Virology 2006, 349, 245-253.
    • (2006) Virology , vol.349 , pp. 245-253
    • Wicker, J.A.1    Whiteman, M.C.2    Beasley, D.W.3    Davis, C.T.4    Zhang, S.5    Schneider, B.S.6    Higgs, S.7    Kinney, R.M.8    Barrett, A.D.9
  • 114
    • 34848917602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between the west nile virus capsid protein and the host cell-encoded phosphatase inhibitor, i2pp2a
    • Hunt, T.A.; Urbanowski, M.D.; Kakani, K.; Law, L.M.; Brinton, M.A.; Hobman, T.C. Interactions between the west nile virus capsid protein and the host cell-encoded phosphatase inhibitor, i2pp2a. Cell. Microbiol. 2007, 9, 2756-2766.
    • (2007) Cell. Microbiol. , vol.9 , pp. 2756-2766
    • Hunt, T.A.1    Urbanowski, M.D.2    Kakani, K.3    Law, L.M.4    Brinton, M.A.5    Hobman, T.C.6
  • 116
    • 13644262812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of west nile virus entry by using a recombinant domain iii from the envelope glycoprotein
    • Chu, J.J.H.; Rajamanonmani, R.; Li, J.; Bhuvanakantham, R.; Lescar, J.; Ng, M.L. Inhibition of west nile virus entry by using a recombinant domain iii from the envelope glycoprotein. J. Gen. Virol. 2005, 86, 405-412.
    • (2005) J. Gen. Virol. , vol.86 , pp. 405-412
    • Chu, J.J.H.1    Rajamanonmani, R.2    Li, J.3    Bhuvanakantham, R.4    Lescar, J.5    Ng, M.L.6
  • 117
    • 35448972183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of mutations in ns4b on west nile virus replication and inhibition of interferon signaling
    • Evans, J.D.; Seeger, C. Differential effects of mutations in ns4b on west nile virus replication and inhibition of interferon signaling. J. Virol. 2007, 81, 11809-11816.
    • (2007) J. Virol. , vol.81 , pp. 11809-11816
    • Evans, J.D.1    Seeger, C.2
  • 119
    • 0034847892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • West nile virus infection in the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus): A model for west nile encephalitis
    • Xiao, S.Y.; Guzman, H.; Zhang, H.; Travassos da Rosa, A.P.; Tesh, R.B. West nile virus infection in the golden hamster (mesocricetus auratus): A model for west nile encephalitis. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2001, 7, 714-721.
    • (2001) Emerg. Infect. Dis. , vol.7 , pp. 714-721
    • Xiao, S.Y.1    Guzman, H.2    Zhang, H.3    Travassos da Rosa, A.P.4    Tesh, R.B.5
  • 121
    • 33746472506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifestations of west nile neuroinvasive disease
    • Sejvar, J.J.; Marfin, A.A. Manifestations of west nile neuroinvasive disease. Rev. Med. Virol. 2006, 16, 209-224.
    • (2006) Rev. Med. Virol. , vol.16 , pp. 209-224
    • Sejvar, J.J.1    Marfin, A.A.2
  • 122
    • 0034458762 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a taqman reverse transcriptase-pcr assay
    • Lanciotti, R.S.; Kerst, A.J.; Nasci, R.S.; Godsey, M.S.; Mitchell, C.J.; Savage, H.M.; Komar, N.; Panella, N.A.; Allen, B.C.; Volpe, K.E.; et al. Rapid detection of west nile virus from human clinical specimens, field-collected mosquitoes, and avian samples by a taqman reverse transcriptase-pcr assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2000, 38, 4066-4071.
    • (2000) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.38 , pp. 4066-4071
    • Lanciotti, R.S.1    Kerst, A.J.2    Nasci, R.S.3    Godsey, M.S.4    Mitchell, C.J.5    Savage, H.M.6    Komar, N.7    Panella, N.A.8    Allen, B.C.9    Volpe, K.E.10
  • 123
    • 50949117801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tumor necrosis factor alpha protects against lethal west nile virus infection by promoting trafficking of mononuclear leukocytes into the central nervous system
    • Shrestha, B.; Zhang, B.; Purtha, W.E.; Klein, R.S.; Diamond, M.S. Tumor necrosis factor alpha protects against lethal west nile virus infection by promoting trafficking of mononuclear leukocytes into the central nervous system. J. Virol. 2008, 82, 8956-8964.
    • (2008) J. Virol. , vol.82 , pp. 8956-8964
    • Shrestha, B.1    Zhang, B.2    Purtha, W.E.3    Klein, R.S.4    Diamond, M.S.5
  • 124
    • 22244435561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent west nile virus infection in the golden hamster: Studies on its mechanism and possible implications for other flavivirus infections
    • Tesh, R.B.; Siirin, M.; Guzman, H.; da Rosa, A.; Wu, X.Y.; Duan, T.; Lei, H.; Nunes, M.R.; Xiao, S.Y. Persistent west nile virus infection in the golden hamster: Studies on its mechanism and possible implications for other flavivirus infections. J. Infect. Dis. 2005, 192, 287-295.
    • (2005) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.192 , pp. 287-295
    • Tesh, R.B.1    Siirin, M.2    Guzman, H.3    da Rosa, A.4    Wu, X.Y.5    Duan, T.6    Lei, H.7    Nunes, M.R.8    Xiao, S.Y.9
  • 126
    • 26844432779 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide and amino acid changes in west nile virus strains exhibiting renal tropism in hamsters
    • Ding, X.; Wu, X.; Duan, T.; Siirin, M.; Guzman, H.; Yang, Z.; Tesh, R.B.; Xiao, S.Y. Nucleotide and amino acid changes in west nile virus strains exhibiting renal tropism in hamsters. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 2005, 73, 803-807.
    • (2005) Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. , vol.73 , pp. 803-807
    • Ding, X.1    Wu, X.2    Duan, T.3    Siirin, M.4    Guzman, H.5    Yang, Z.6    Tesh, R.B.7    Xiao, S.Y.8
  • 127
    • 0033630497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and neuropathological features of west nile virus equine encephalomyelitis in italy
    • Cantile, C.; di Guardo, G.; Eleni, C.; Arispici, M. Clinical and neuropathological features of west nile virus equine encephalomyelitis in italy. Equine Vet. J. 2000, 32, 31-35.
    • (2000) Equine Vet. J. , vol.32 , pp. 31-35
    • Cantile, C.1    Di Guardo, G.2    Eleni, C.3    Arispici, M.4
  • 130
    • 0242499489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fatal fulminant pan-meningo-polioencephalitis due to west nile virus
    • Omalu, B.I.; Shakir, A.A.; Wang, G.; Lipkin, W.I.; Wiley, C.A. Fatal fulminant pan-meningo-polioencephalitis due to west nile virus. Brain Pathol. 2003, 13, 465-472.
    • (2003) Brain Pathol. , vol.13 , pp. 465-472
    • Omalu, B.I.1    Shakir, A.A.2    Wang, G.3    Lipkin, W.I.4    Wiley, C.A.5
  • 135
    • 4043093571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naturally acquired west nile virus encephalomyelitis in transplant recipients-clinical, laboratory, diagnostic, and neuropathological features
    • Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K.; Marder, B.A.; Levi, M.E.; Laird, S.P.; McNutt, J.T.; Escott, E.J.; Everson, G.T.; Tyler, K.L. Naturally acquired west nile virus encephalomyelitis in transplant recipients-clinical, laboratory, diagnostic, and neuropathological features. Arch. Neurol. 2004, 61, 1210-1220.
    • (2004) Arch. Neurol. , vol.61 , pp. 1210-1220
    • Kleinschmidt-DeMasters, B.K.1    Marder, B.A.2    Levi, M.E.3    Laird, S.P.4    McNutt, J.T.5    Escott, E.J.6    Everson, G.T.7    Tyler, K.L.8
  • 141
    • 84861480925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunogenicity of japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein by hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector in guinea pig
    • Lee, H.H.; Hong, S.K.; Yoon, S.H.; Jang, S.J.; Bahk, Y.Y.; Song, M.D.; Park, P.J.; Lee, K.H.; Kim, C.G.; Kim, B.; et al. Immunogenicity of japanese encephalitis virus envelope protein by hyphantria cunea nuclear polyhedrosis virus vector in guinea pig. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 2012, 167, 259-269.
    • (2012) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. , vol.167 , pp. 259-269
    • Lee, H.H.1    Hong, S.K.2    Yoon, S.H.3    Jang, S.J.4    Bahk, Y.Y.5    Song, M.D.6    Park, P.J.7    Lee, K.H.8    Kim, C.G.9    Kim, B.10
  • 142
    • 0019410337 scopus 로고
    • Immunity to influenza in ferrets Xiv: Comparative immunity following infection or immunization with live or inactivated vaccine
    • Fenton, R.J.; Clark, A.; Potter, C.W. Immunity to influenza in ferrets. Xiv: Comparative immunity following infection or immunization with live or inactivated vaccine. Br. J. Exp. Pathol. 1981, 62, 297-307.
    • (1981) Br. J. Exp. Pathol. , vol.62 , pp. 297-307
    • Fenton, R.J.1    Clark, A.2    Potter, C.W.3
  • 143
    • 84891705650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling is activated in the brain following infection with west nile virus in the absence of a peripheral immune response
    • Clarke, P.; Leser, J.S.; Quick, E.D.; Dionne, K.R.; Beckham, J.D.; Tyler, K.L. Death receptor-mediated apoptotic signaling is activated in the brain following infection with west nile virus in the absence of a peripheral immune response. J. Virol. 2014, 88, 1080-1089.
    • (2014) J. Virol. , vol.88 , pp. 1080-1089
    • Clarke, P.1    Leser, J.S.2    Quick, E.D.3    Dionne, K.R.4    Beckham, J.D.5    Tyler, K.L.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.