The disability rights movement: From charity to confrontation

The Disability Rights Movement: From Charity to Confrontation

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-323

  Fleischer, Doris Zames ^a   Zames, Frieda ^b  

^a NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^b NONE

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EID: 84904455558     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (667)

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2. Motoko Rich, "Disabled, but Looking for Work, " New York Times, April 7, 2011.
3. Ariela Gross, What Blood Won't Tell: A History of Race on Trial in America (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2008);.
4. Daniel J. Scharfstein, The Invisible Line: Three American Families and the Secret Journey from Black to White (New York: Penguin Press, 2011).
5. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, The Anatomy of Prejudice (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1996).
6. Paul Robinson in "Intolerance, " New York Times, Sunday, May 19, 1996, sec. 7, p. 41.
7. R. C. Smith, A Case About Amy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
8. R. C. Smith, "An Audience for Amy, " Ragged Edge, May/June 1998, 31-32.
9. Hacker, Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal (New York: Scribners, 1992), 20.
10. Paul Longmore's presentation, Disability Studies Colloquium, New York City Hunter College School of Social Work, December 5, 1997.
11. Martin F. Norden, The Cinema of Isolation: The History of Physical Disability in the Movies (New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1994).
12. John M. McNeil, "Current Population Reports: Americans with Disabilities 1994-95".
13. John Gresham, senior litigation counsel at New York Lawyers for the Public Interest, May 12, 2000, and Stephen Gold, April 28, 2000.
14. Robert Pear, "Senate Approves Health Care for Disabled, " New York Times, June 17, 1999, A28.
15. Judith E. Heumann, "Statement, " Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications (Washington, D.C.: A Consultation Sponsored by the United States Commission on Civil Rights, May 13-14, 1980), 231.
16. Hugh Gregory Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, rev. ed. (Arlington, Va.: Vandamere Press, 1994), 96.
17. Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, 27.
18. Doris Kearns Goodwin, No Ordinary Time (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994), 16-17.
19. Maureen Dowd, "Not-So-Splendid Deception, " New York Times, May 2, 1996, A2.
20. Karl E. Meyer, "Editorial Notebook, " New York Times, May 12, 1996, sec. 4, p. 13.
21. "Letters to the Editor, " New York Times, May 16, 1996, 24.
22. Dowd, "Not-So-Splendid Deception, " A2. At the April 19, 1998, New York City 504.
23. "The Only Thing to Fear: Political Incorrectness, " New York Post, May 9, 1996, 33.
24. John Gliedman and William Roth, The Unexpected Minority: Handicapped Children in America (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980).
25. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 586.
26. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 533.
27. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 532.
28. Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, 27.
29. Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, 57.
30. Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, 41.
31. Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, 41-42, 154.
32. "The Bargain, " The Disability Rag (September-October 1989), 6.
33. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 586-87.
34. Martha Fay, "Lungs of Iron, " review of Katherine Black's In the Shadow of Polio, appeared in the New York Times, Sunday, June 2, 1996, sec. 7, p. 19.
35. "Crippled Pickets 'Torture' Harris, " New York Times, June 21, 1935, 21.
36. Frances Lide, "Girl Leader of Cripples Asks Plan to End 'Discrimination, '" Washington Star, May 11, 1936.
37. Goodwin, No Ordinary Time, 575.
38. "U.S. Panel Proposes a Change in Administering Polio Vaccine, " New York Times, June 21, 1996, A14;.
39. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio, June 16, 1996;.
40. Denise Grady, "Doctors Urge Polio Shots to Replace Oral Vaccine, " New York Times, December 7, 1999, A21.
41. "The Overdue Revolution" in "Beyond Affliction: The Disability History Project, " National Public Radio, May 1998.
42. Nora Groce, The U.S. Role in International Disability Activities: A History and a Look Toward the Future (Oakland, Calif.: International Disability Exchanges and Studies Project, 1992), 17-20.
43. Gallagher, FDR's Splendid Deception, 146.
44. Leslie Bennetts, "Jerry vs. the Kids, " Vanity Fair 56(8) (September 1993): 82.
45. John Hockenberry, Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs, and Declarations of Independence (New York: Hyperion, 1995), 33.
46. Gliedman and Roth, The Unexpected Minority, 10.
47. Frank Bowe, "An Overview Paper on Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications, " Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications (Washington, D.C.: A Consultation Sponsored by the United States Commission on Civil Rights, May 13-14, 1980), 8-9.
48. Paul K. Longmore, "The Life of Randolph Bourne and the Need for a History of Disabled People, " Reviews in American History 13(4) (December 1985): 583-86.
49. Bowe, "Overview Paper, " 9.
50. Oliver Sacks, Seeing Voices: A Journey into the World of the Deaf (California: University of California Press, 1989; reprint, New York: HarperPerennial, 1990), 8-9.
51. Harlan Lane, When the Mind Hears: A History of the Deaf (New York: Random House, 1984; reprint, New York: Vintage, 1989), 93.
52. Lane, When the Mind Hears, 111.
53. Andrew Solomon, "Defiantly Deaf, " New York Times magazine, Sunday, August 28, 1994, sec. 6, 38- 45, 62, 65-68.
54. Frances A. Koestler, The Unseen Minority: A Social History of Blindness in America (New York: David McKay Company, 1976), 23.
55. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 18-19, 31-32, 90.
56. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 26-27.
57. "The Challenge of Democracy to Edu-cation, " The Later Works, 1925-1953, vol. II, ed. Jo Ann Boydston (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991), 182.
58. Steven Pinker, The Language Instinct: How the Mind Creates Language (New York: William Morrow and Company, 1994), 237.
59. Nora Ellen Groce, Everyone Here Spoke Sign Language: Hereditary Deafness on Martha's Vineyard (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1985).
60. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 32.
61. Pinker, The Language Instinct, 293.
62. Pinker, The Language Instinct, Ibid., 18-19.
63. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio News, January 15, 1998.
64. Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988), 118-19.
65. Lane, When the Mind Hears, 53-54, 63.
66. Lane, When the Mind Hears, Ibid., 162, 182-83.
67. Lane, When the Mind Hears, Ibid., 199, 222.
68. Lane, When the Mind Hears, Ibid., 6.
69. "The History of Gallaudet University, " on the university's web site: http://www.depts.gallaudet.edu.
70. Lane, When the Mind Hears, 397-99.
71. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 27.
72. "The Overdue Revolution" in "Beyond Affliction: The Disability History Project, " National Public Radio, May 1998.
73. Lane, When the Mind Hears, 394-95.
74. Lane, When the Mind Hears, 404.
75. H-Dirksen L. Bauman, "Beyond Speech and Writing: Recognizing American Sign Language Literature in the MLA, " Profession, The Modern Language Association of America, 1997, 174.
76. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 32.
77. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 95-96.
78. Hilarie Lynne Luxton, "Factors Affecting Rehabilitation Teachers' Braille Instruction of Adults Who Are Blind and Visually Impaired" (Ed.D. diss., Teachers College, Columbia University, 1993), 15-16.
79. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 397- 98.
80. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 303.
81. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 96-98.
82. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, Ibid., 99-101.
83. Luxton, "Factors, " 17-19.
84. "70% of Blind Lack Jobs; Computer Mouse Shares the Blame, " New York Times, July 3, 1999), A12.
85. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 130.
86. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 146.
87. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, Ibid., 209.
88. Winifred Holt Mather, Edith Holt Bloodgood, and Rufus Graves Mather, First Lady of the Lighthouse: A Biography of Winifred Holt Mather (New York: The Lighthouse, The New York Association for the Blind, 1952), 110.
89. Winifred Holt Mather, Edith Holt Bloodgood, and Rufus Graves Mather, First Lady of the Lighthouse: A Biography of Winifred Holt Mather (1952), Ibid., 29, 84, 163, 165, 166, 171, 173, 206.
90. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 315-16.
91. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 304-7.
92. Stephen Kuusisto, author of Planet of the Blind (New York: Dial Press, 1998).
93. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 315.
94. "Mobiliry Techniques that Affect Safery in Travel for Blind and Visually Impaired People, " Journal of Visual Impairment and Blindness, January 1998..
95. Floyd Matson, Walking Alone and Marching Together (Baltimore, Maryland: National Federation of the Blind, 1990), 27.
96. Floyd Matson, Walking Alone and Marching Together (1990), Ibid., 23.
97. Floyd Matson, Walking Alone and Marching Together (1990), Ibid., 31-34.
98. Matson, Walking Alone and Marching Together, 87-88.
99. Matson, Walking Alone and Marching Together, Ibid., L09-LO.
100. Richard Severo, "Kenneth Jernigan, Advocate For the Blind, Is Dead at 71, " New York Times, October 14, 1998, A1.
101. Jernigan in Walking Alone and Marching Together, 176.
102. "How Many More Must Die?" DIA Activist, March 1983, 2.
103. Richard K. Scotch, From Goodwill to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy (Philadelphia: Temple Universiry Press, 1984), 54-55.
104. Philip K. Howard, The Death of Common Sense: How Law is Suffocating America (New York: Random House, 1994), 152.
105. Padden and Humphries, Deaf in America, 44.
106. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 153.
107. Harlen Lane's The Mask of Benevolence: Disabling the Deaf Community (San Diego: Dawn Sign Press, 1999).
108. Nadina LaSpina, "They Don't Want To Be Like Us, " DIA Activist, June 1996, 15-16.
109. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 143.
110. Eric Nagourney, "William Stokoe Jr., Sign Language Advocate Dies at 80, " New York Times, April II, 2000, Bm.
111. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 151.
112. Padden and Humphries, Deaf in America, 2.
113. Edward Dolnick, "Deafness As Culture, " The Atlantic Monthly, September 1993, 38.
114. Dolnick, "Deaf As Culture, " 39.
115. Kate Gladstone in New York Able, October 1996, 2 -13.
116. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 157.
117. Joseph P. Shapiro, No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement (New York: Times Books, 1993), 75.
118. Sacks, Seeing Voices, 151.
119. Shapiro, No Pity, 74.
120. Erving Goffman, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1963), 138.
121. Felicia R. Lee, "New York to Teach Deaf in Sign Language, Then English, " New York Times, March 5, 1998, B3.
122. Bauman, "Beyond Speech and Writing, " 175.
123. Henry Kisor, What's That Pig Outdoors? A Memoir of Deafoess (New York: Penguin Books, 1990), 255-58.
124. Lynette Holloway, "Among the Deaf Ubiquitous Sign Language Faces a Challenge, " New York Times, June 22, 2000, AI.
125. Lee, "New York to Teach, " B3.
126. Walter Kendrick, "Her Hands Were a Bridge to the World, " [Review of Helen Keller: A Life by Dorothy Hermann] New York Times, Sunday, August 30, 1998, sec. 7, p. 10.
127. Helen Keller, The Story of My Life (New York: Doubleday, 1991).
128. Cheryl Marie Wade, "Disability Culture Rap, " The Ragged Edge, ed. Barrett Shaw (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 15-16.
129. Douglas Martin, "A Victor Fears For the Future, " New York Times, April 29, 1997, B1, B6.
130. Edward D. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 179.
131. Frieda Zames, "The Right To Choose, " Disabled In Action Advocate, December 1978, 1.
132. Ed Shook, "A College Eases Handicaps of 56 Students by Removing Barriers to Active Campus Life, " The Kansas City Star, October 4, 1959, 10A.
133. Duane F. Hetlinger, "Physically Handicapped College Graduates, " Vocational Guidance Quarterly, Winter 1963, 85.
134. Oda, "Highlights, " 2.
135. Cheryl Marie Wade, "Disability Culture Rap, " The Ragged Edge, ed. Barrett Shaw (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 17.
136. Douglas Martin, "Disability Culture: Eager to Bite the Hand That Would Feed Them, " New York Times, Sunday, June I, 1997, sec. 4, p. 1.
137. Oda, "Highlights, " 3.
138. Oda, "Highlights, " 3-4.
139. Oda, "Highlights, " 4-5.
140. Oda, "Highlights, " 6.
141. Carr Massi, National Paraplegia Foundation News, January 1977.
142. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy, 201-2.
143. Oda, "Highlights, " 6.
144. Oda, "Highlights, " 7.
145. Judith E. Heumann, "Handicap and Disability, " Disability: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University Press, 1979), 17.
146. Oda, "Highlights, " 3.
147. Lucy Gwin, "True History, " Mouth, January-March 1997, 7(5&6): 26-27.
148. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy, 202.
149. Kleo King, Know Your Fair Housing Rights, Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association, 1997, 7.
150. Paul K. Longmore, "Introduction, " in H. Stephen Kaye, Disability Watch: The Status o/People with Disabilities in the United States (Volcano, Calif.: Volcano Press, 1997), 13.
151. Josie Byzek, "Living in the Past, " Ragged Edge, May/June 1998, 13.
152. Encyclopedia of Disability and Rehabilitation (New York: Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1995), 399.
153. Christopher G. Bell and Robert L. Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum of Individual Abilities (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1983), 84.
154. Gerben Dejong, "Independent Living: From Social Movement to Analytic Paradigm, " The Psychological and Social Impact of Physical Disability (New York: Springer Publishing Company, 1984).
155. Gwin, "True History, " 27.
156. Dart, "The ADA: A Promise To Be Kept, " p. 8.
157. Christopher G. Bell and Robert L. Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum of Individual Abilities (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1983), 47.
158. Chava Willig Levy, A People's History of the Independent Living Movement (Lawrence, Kans.: Research and Training Center on Independent Living, 1988), 15.
159. Richard B. Treanor, We Overcame: The Story of Civil Rights for Disabled People (Falls Church, Va.: Regal Direct Publishing, 1993), 59-60.
160. S. Richard K. Scotch, From Goodwill to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984), 52.
161. Levy, A People's History, 15.
162. Joseph P. Shapiro, No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement (New York: Times Books, 1993), 66-69.
163. Levy, A People's History, 17.
164. Judith E. Heumann, "Handicap and Disability, " Disability: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University Press, 1979), 20.
165. Shapiro, No Pity, 66.
166. Frank Bowe, "Handicapping America: Barriers to Disabled People, " Disability: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1979), 88-89.
167. Frieda Zames, "Letter to the Membership, " DIA Advocate, June 1977, 1.
168. "Group for Disabled Sues on Bus Design, " New York Times, August 23, 1980, sec. 2, p. 26.
169. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 137-38.
170. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 138.
171. "Handicapped Block Elevators at M.T.A., " New York Times, November 22, 1980, sec. 2, p. 27.
172. Jean Stewart, "What Do We Want? Access! When Do We Want It? Now!!!" DIA Advocate, January 1981, 1-2.
173. Susan Sugar Nathan, Esq., "The Cost of Accessible Transportation: Myth and Reality, " Disabled In Action Speaks, May 1981, 6.
174. Ellen Nuzzi, "The Battle for Accessible Public Transit in NYC Continues, " DIA Activist, November 1984, 1.
175. Anne Emerman, "We Won, " DIA Activist, March 1985, 1-2.
176. Scotch, From Goodwill to Civil Rights, 29-30.
177. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 38.
178. "BART Settles Class Action Lawsuit, " Disability News Service, June 1998, 1(5): 8.
179. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, U2.
180. Senator Donald Riegle, December 20, 1982, 128.
181. Treanor, We Overcame, 304.
182. Richard Weir, "Disabled Reach Pact with City in Transportation Suit, " New York Times, Sunday, October 10, 1999, sec. 14, p. 9).
183. Dennis Cannon, "Statement, " Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications (Washington, D.C.: A Consultation Sponsored by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, May 13-14, 1980), 329-30.
184. Judith E. Heumann, "Statement, " Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications (Washington, D.C.: A Consultation Sponsored by the United States Commission on Civil Rights, May 13- 14, 1980), 234-35.
185. Judith E. Heumann, "Handicap and Disability, " Disability: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University Press, 1979), 12.
186. Edward D. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 197.
187. Andrew Hacker, Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal (New York: Scribners, 1992), 20.
188. Frank Bowe, "Handicapping America: Barriers to Disabled People, " Disability: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1979), 90.
189. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy, 198.
190. Philip K. Howard, The Death of Common Sense: How Law is Suffocating America (New York: Random House, 1994).
191. Frieda Zames, "Accessible Polling Site Lawsuit Settled, " DIA Activist, May 1995, 15-16.
192. Judge Herbert Kramer, "Memorandum to the Supreme Court of Kings County, " June 10, 1986, 7.
193. "Public Interest Law: Five Years Later, " 1976.
194. Betty Hounslow, "New York Lawyers for the Public Interest Celebrating IS Years" (New York: NYLPI, 1991).
195. Rodman D. Griffin, "The Disabilities Act, " CQ Researcher, December 27, 1991, 995.
196. Laura Hershey, "Wade Blank's Liberated Community, " The Ragged Edge, ed. Barrett Shaw (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 150-51.
197. Brian Doherty, "Unreasonable Accommodation, " Reason, August/September 1995, 22.
198. Garry Pierre-Pierre, "Disrupting Sales at Greyhound, Disabled Protest Bus Access, " New York Times, August 9, 1997, 26.
199. Jennifer Burnett, "Solidarity 200 Roars: Unity!" Mouth, January-March 1997, 4, 53.
200. Jean Dobbs, "And Justin for All, " New Mobility: Disability Culture and Lifestyle, March 1998, 36.
201. Burnett, "Solidarity 200 Roars, " 53.
202. Deborah Ellen, "Lobbying for Rights of People with Disabilities, " Connections, March 1998, 6.
203. Dobbs, "And Justice for All, " 37.
204. Burnett, "Solidarity 200 Roars, " 4, 53.
205. Joseph P. Shapiro, No Pity: People with Disabilities Forging a New Civil Rights Movement (New York: Times Books, 1993).
206. Edward D. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 13.
207. Nora Groce, The U.S. Role in International Disability Activities: A History and a Look Toward the Future (Oakland, Calif: International Disability Exchanges and Studies Project, 1992), 136.
208. Justin Dart, "Introduction-The ADA: A Promise To Be Kept, " Implementing the Americans with Disabilities Act; eds. Lawrence O. Gostin and Henry A. Beyer (Baltimore, Md.: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., 1993), xxii.
209. Dart, "Introduction-The ADA, " xxii.
210. Richard K. Scotch, From Goodwill to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal DisabilifJI Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984), 164.
211. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy, 208-9.
212. Fred Fay, "Empowerment: The Testament of Justin Dart Jr., " Mainstream, March 1998, 24.
213. Rodman D. Griffin, "The Disabilities Act, " CQ Researcher, December 27, 1991, 1004.
214. Gohn M. McNeil, "Current Population Reports: Americans with Disabilities, 1994- 1995, " p. I, published by U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, August 1997).
215. Griffin, "The Disabilities Act, " 1004.
216. H. Stephen Kaye, Disability Watch: The Status of People with Disabilities in the United States (Volcano, Calif.: Volcano Press, 1997), 13.
217. Kaye, Disability Watch, 12-13.
218. Geanne Rosenberg, "When the Mind Is the Matter: Mental Disability Cases Pose Painful Workplace Issues, " New York Times, November 7, 1998, C1-2.
219. "Follow-up to 1994 Research, " Ragged Edge, September/October, 1998, 5-6.
220. Janet Reno and Dick Thornburgh, "ADA-Not a Disabling Mandate, " Wall Street Journa July 26, 1995, A13.
221. Peter Blanck, "Employment, Integration, Economic Opportunity, and the ADA: Empirical Study from 1990-1993, " 79 Iowa Law Review (1994), 853-54.
222. Matthew Diller, "Introduction: Civil Disturbances~Battles for Justice in New York City, " Fordham Urban Law Journal, May 1999, 16(5): 1321.
223. Frieda Zames, "Unseating People with Disabilities, " New York Able, February 1999, 10.
224. Iver Peterson, "Catching On at the Movies: A Clear View for All, " New York Times, Sunday, January 3, 1999, sec. I, p. 27.
225. Betsy Wade, "Disabled Access to Inns at Issue, " New York Times, Sunday, April 14, 1996, sec. 5, p. 4.
226. http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/business/business-Ieisure-cend.html, posted December 2, 1999.
227. "Greyhound Must Comply, " New York Able, November 1998, 1.
228. "On the Line, " WNYC-AM, February 18, 1999.
229. "TDD, " DIA Activist, April 1992, 3.
230. Bob Liff, "Many Fire Boxes in Watered-Down Plan, " New York Daily News, April 24, 1996;.
231. Dan Janison, "Hizzoner Gets Burned in Alarm-Box Firefight, " New York Post, April 24, 1996;.
232. Paul Moses, "Fire Box Compromise, " New York Newsday, April 24, 1996.
233. Gennifer Steinhauer, "Ruling in Favor of Patients Denied 24-Hour Home Care, " New York Times, February 17, 1999, B4.
234. Linda Greenhouse, "Supreme Court Considers If Disabilities Act Covers HN Case, " New York Times, March 31, 1998, A19.
235. "NCD Bulletin, " publication of the National Council on Disability, December 1997, 1.
236. Linda Greenhouse, "Court to Weigh Whether HIV Is a Disability, " New York Times, March 23, 1998, A1.
237. Linda Greenhouse, "Court to Weigh Whether HIV Is a Disability, " New York Times, 1998, Ibid., A13.
238. Linda Greenhouse, "Justices See HIV as Disability: Ruling on Bias Law, " New York Times, June 26, 1998, A1.
239. Peter T. Kilborn, "Wide Impact Is Seen for Ruling on HIV, " New York Times, June 27, 1998, A10.
240. Linda Greenhouse, "Federal Anti-Bias Law Protects States' Disabled Inmates, Court Says, " New York Times, June I6, 1998, Ar8.
241. "U.S. Supreme Court Considers: Does the ADA Apply to State Prisons?" Disabiliry Network Newsletter (published by New York Lawyers for the Public Interest), Spring 1995, 5.
242. "Individuals Belong in the Community, Not Institutions, Says Supreme Court, " The Center for an Accessible Society: Background Briefing, June 22, 1999, 1-2. Reference to William Stothers and Amici in Olmstead from this source. http://www.accessiblesociety.orgjbkgdadatitle2.htm.
243. "Supreme Court Rules in Title I Cases, " The Center for an Accessible Society background briefing, June 22, 1999, 1-2. http://www. accessiblesociety.orgjbkgdadatitleI.htm.
244. Nadina LaSpina, "Supreme Court Rulings: Victory and Defeats, " DIA Activist, Summer 1999.
245. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio, June 29, 1999.
246. Philip K. Howard, The Death of Common Sense: How Law is Suffocating America (New York: Random House, 1994), 150.
247. Brian Doherty, "Unreasonable Accommodation, " Reason, August/September 1995, 19-26.
248. Doherty, "Unreasonable Accommodation, " 19.
249. James Bovard, "The Lame Game, " American Spectator, July 1995, 30-33.
250. James Bovard, "The Lame Game, " American Spectator, 1995, Ibid., 31.
251. Janet Reno and Dick Thornburgh, "ADA-Not a Disabling Mandate, " A13.
252. "New Sears Report Shows Decrease in Accommodation Costs, " Washington Fax, March 1996, 1.
253. "Four Years After the ADA, " Working Age: AARP Newsletter, November/September 1996, 4.
254. Walter Olson, The Excuse Factory: How Employment Law Is Paraly:dng the American Workplace (New York: Free Press, 1997).
255. Reno and Thornburgh, "ADA-Not a Disabling Mandate, " A13.
256. Edward D. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 5.
257. Frank Bowe, in "On the Job, Myths Are Reality and Damaging." New York Times, Sunday, May 13, 1979.
258. "Four Years After the ADA, " Working Age: AARP Newsletter, 1996, 12(4): 3.
259. Caren Potoker, "Finding aJob Is a Job, " DIA Activist, Summer 1999, 1-2.
260. "Part Three: Core Implications for the Twenty-First Century, " Sears Report, 1-2.
261. Nancy Anne Longhurst, The Self-Advocacy Movement by People with Developmental Disabilities: A Demographic Study and Directory of Self-Advocacy Groups in the United States (Washington, D.C.: American Association on Mental Retardation, 1994), 1-6.
262. Mary Hayden, "Absence of Justice, " Mouth, March/April 1998, 34.
263. Dirk Johnson, "Tight Labor Supply Creates Jobs for the Mentally Disabled, " New York Times, November IS, 1999, A1, A22.
264. Robert Pear, "Employees Told To Accommodate the Mentally Ill, " New York Times, April 30, 1997, A1, .
265. "Americans with Disabilities Update, " National Council on Disability Bulletin, March 1997, 1.
266. Ann Davis, "Courts Reject Many Mental-Disability Claims, " Wall Street Journal, July 22, 1997, B6.
267. "When the Mind Is the Matter: Mental Disability Cases Pose Painful Workplace Issues, " New York Times, November 7, 1998, C1.
268. Darryl Van Duch, "Employment and Labor Law" web site http://www.ljextra.com/practice/laboremployment/0629ada.html, posted June 29, 1998, .
269. Rosenberg, "When the Mind Is the Matter, " C1-2.
270. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Breaks for Mental Illness: Just What the Government Ordered, " New York Times, Sunday, May 4, 1997, sec. 4, p. 1.
271. Robert Pear, "Insurance Plans Skirt Requirement on Mental Health, " New York Times, December 26, 1998, A20.
272. Sally L. Satel, "When Work Is the Cure, " New York Times, May 10, 1997, A19.
273. "On the Line, " WNYC-AM Radio, June 27, 1997.
274. Peter D. Kramer, "The Mentally III Deserve J ob Protection, " New York Times, May 6, 1997, A21.
275. Kip Opperman, "Confidentiality: Who Needs To Know?" Connections, February 1997, 8.
276. Fox Butterfield, "Prisons Replace Hospitals for the Nation's Mentally Ill, " New York Times, March 5, 1998, A1, A26.
277. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio, June 10, 1997.
278. Butterfield, "Prisons Replace Hospitals, " AI1 A26.
279. Michael Faenza, "Chains and Shackles Replaced with Programs and Services, " New York ABLE, January 2000, 26M-27M.
280. Frank Rich, "This Way Lies Madness, " New York Times, July 29, 1998, A19.
281. Michael Winerip, "Bedlam on the Streets, " New York Times, Sunday, May 23, 1999, sec. 6, pp. 45-46.
282. Rich, "This Way Lies Madness, " A19.
283. Erica Goode, "With Help, Climbing Back from Schizophrenia's Isolation, " New York Times, January 30, 1999, A1.
284. Fox Butterfield, "Hole in Gun Control Law Lets Mentally III Through, " New York Times, Aprilu, 2000, Az4.
285. Winerip, "Bedlam on the Streets, " 42-44, 70.
286. Rich, "This Way Lies Madness, " A19.
287. Sylvia Nasar, A Beautiful Mind: A Biography offohn Forbes Nash, fr. (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998).
288. Judi Chamberlin, "Psychiatric Survivors: Are We Part of the Disability Movement?" The Disability Rag, March/April 1995, I, 4-6.
289. Chamberlin, "Psychiatric Survivors, " 4.
290. "From Privileges to Rights: People Labeled with Psychiatric Disabilities Speak for Themselves, " the NCD Report, January 20, 2000.
291. "Talk of the Nation, " National Public Radio, July 31, 1997.
292. "Talk of the Nation, " National Public Radio, October 25, 1999.
293. Robert Pear, "Mental Disorders Common, U.S. Says; Many Not Treated, " New York Times, Sunday, December 13, 1999, A1.
294. Kleo King, Know Your Fair Housing Rights, published by Eastern Paralyzed Veterans Association, 1997.
295. "60 Minutes: HMO-Managed or Mangled, " CBS-TV, January 5, 1997.
296. Robert Pear, "Elderly and Poor Do Worse Under HMO Plans' Care, " New York Times, October 2, 1996, A1D.
297. "All Things Considered, " National Public Radio, June 9, 1998.
298. "All Things Considered, " National Public Radio, June 9, 1998. By February 1999.
299. Robert Pear, "Panel Finds Medicare Costs Are Underestimated by U.S., " New York Times, June 3, 1998, A23.
300. Linda Peeno, "What Is the Value of a Voice?" U.S. News and World Report, March 9, 1998, 40-46.
301. "Frontline, " Public Broadcasting System, April 14, 1998.
302. Milt Freudenheim, "Pioneering State for Managed Care Considers Change, " New York Times, July 14, 1997, AI, D8.
303. David E. Rosenbaum, "House Hears Grim Tales about Managed Care, " New York Times, October 8, 1999, A23.
304. James Sterngold, "Trailblazing California Broadens the Rights of Its HMO Patients, " New York Times, September 28, 1999, AI, A20.
305. Betsy McCaughey Ross, "One Man's Battle with Managed Care, " New York Times, December 28, 1996, A27.
306. Finley in "A Chance to Survive, " New York Times, July 4, 1997, A19.
307. Ross, "One Man's Battle, " A27.
308. Peter T. Kilborn, "Oregon Falters on a New Path to Health Care, " New York Times, Sunday, January 3, 1999, A1.
309. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio, February 5, 1999.
310. "Medical Equipment, " New York Times, January 20, 1999, AI2.
311. Jonathan Rabinowitz, "Court Panel's Ruling Limiting Medicaid Services Is Appealed, " New York Times, April 7, 1998, B6.
312. Peter T. Kilborn, "Disabled Children Feel Pain of Cuts, " New York Times, March 24, 1997, A10.
313. Robert Pear, "Fearing Errors, U.S. Will Review Cutoff in Aid to Disabled Youth, " New York Times, December 18, 1997, A21.
314. Joyce Purnick in "Throwing Out the Disabled, Or the Fraud?" New York Times, August 8, 1996, B1.
315. Pear, "Fearing Errors, " A2I.
316. Melvyn R. Tanzman, "Work Incentives and Long Term Care Programs Proposed by President Clinton, " New York Able, February 1999, 8.
317. Robert Pear, "Medicare Cuts Would Reduce At-Home Care for Patients, " New York Times, February 9, 1997, A30.
318. Ian Fisher, "Families Provide Medical Care, Tubes and All, " New York Times, June 7, 1998, A1. 108.
319. "MarketPlace, " National Public Radio, March 12, 1998.
320. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy, 106.
321. Anne Emerman, "Testimony on the Future of Medicare, " New York Able, January 1999, 7.
322. Tanzman, "Work Incentives, " 8.
323. "Rising Medicare Standards, " New York Times, Sunday, December 29, 1996, sec. 4, p. 8.
324. John F. Harris, "House Passes Job Benefit for Disabled, " Washington Post, October 20, 1999, A02.
325. Suzanne Christy, "President Includes Disabled: $2 Billion Budgeted to Bolster Employment Opportunities, " New York Able, March 1999, 1 - 12.
326. Margaret Mead in "We Hear the Death Train Coming, " Village Voice, February 4, 1997, 12.
327. Michael Specter, "The Dangerous Philosopher, " The New Yorker; September 6, 1999, 46-55.
328. Gregory E. Pence, Classic Cases in Medical Ethics (New York: McGraw Hill, 2000).
329. Norman Kunc and Emma Van Der Klift, "A Credo For Support, " Moebius Syndrome News, 1995.
330. Michael Betzold, "The Selling of Dr. Death, " The New Republic, May 26, 1997, 22-23.
331. Mark O'Brien, "Maybe You'd Rather Die Than Be Me, " DIA Activist, January 1997, 3.
332. Diane Coleman and Stephen Gold in "We Want To Live, " New York Able, January 1997, 7.
333. Pam Belluck, "Dr. Kevorkian Is a Murderer, the Jury Finds, " New York Times, March 27, 1999, A1, A9.
334. Betzold, "The Selling of Dr. Death, " 25.
335. Betzold, "The Selling of Dr. Death, " 22.
336. Nat Hentoff; "Class Warfare to the Death, " Village Voice, May 21, 1996, 12.
337. LaSpina, "We Want To Live, " 7.
338. Nat Hentoff; "Death's Enemy: Yale Kamisar, " Village Voice, May 2B, 1996.
339. "Excerpts from Court's Decision Upholding Bans on Assisted Suicide, " New York Times, June 27, 1997, A1B.
340. Larry Kramer, in "A Life-and-Death Decision, " New York Times, January 13, 1997, 26-27.
341. "Small Group of Doctors Supports Concept of Assisting in Suicide, " New York Times, October 31, 1996, A20.
342. "60 Minutes, " CBS Television, January 5, 1997.
343. Timothy Quill, "Death and Dignity: A Case ofIndividualized Decision Making, " NEJM, 324(10) (March 7, 1991): 691-94.
344. "A Poll of AIDS Doctors Finds That Many Help in Suicides, " New York Times, February 6, 1997, A18.
345. Paul Wilkes, "The Next Pro-Lifers, " New York Times Magazine, Sunday, July 21, 1996, 45.
346. Robert Pear, "Clinton Names Panel to Draft Health Consumer Bill of Rights, " New York Times, March 27, 1997, 811.
347. "Reeve Feels Others Show As Much Courage, " Brainerd Daily Dispatch, October 2B, 1996, 6A.
348. David Peterson, "Reeve's Honesty Charms His Audience, " Minneapolis Star Tribune, October 2B, 1996, A12.
349. Bernard Stamler, "Christopher Reeve Is Sanguine about His Madison Avenue Connections, but Some Are Skeptical, " New York Times, June 15, 2000, C10.
350. "Superman's Telethon, " Ragged Edge, May/June 1998, 27.
351. Christopher Reeve, Still Me (New York: Random House, 1998).
352. John Hockenberry, Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs, and Declarations of Independence (New York: Hyperion, 1995), 204.
353. Daniel Robert, "A Rock and A Hard Place-Superman, Dr. Death and You and Me, " New York Able, February 1997, 11.
354. Martin S. Pemick, The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996).
355. Martin S. Pemick in "Tomorrow's Children: Beyond Affliction: The Disability History Project, " National Public Radio, May 1998.
356. Pemick, The Black Stork, 5-6.
357. Pemick, The Black Stork, Ibid., 7.
358. Pemick, The Black Stork, 16.
359. Robert Lifton, The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 1986), 23.
360. Virginia Kallianes and Phyllis Rubenfeld, "Disabled Women and Reproductive Rights, " Disability and Society, 1997, 12(2): 212.
361. Lifton, The Nazi Doctors, 23.
362. Marta Russell, Beyond Ramps: Disability at the End of the Social Contract (Monroe, Maine: Common Courage Press, 1998), 27-28.
363. Humphry and Clement, Freedom to Die, 313.
364. John Hardwig, "Is There a Duty to Die?" Hastings Center Report, March-April 1997, 27(2): 80.
365. Wilkes, "The Next Pro-Lifers, " 42.
366. "Assisted Suicide? Not In My State, " New York Times, July 24, 1997, A21.
367. Timothy Egan, "Right To Die: In Oregon, Opening a New Front in the World of Medicine, " New York Times, November 6, 1997, A26.
368. Neil A. Lewis, "Reno Lifts Barrier to Oregon's Law on Aided Suicide, " New York Times, June 6, 1998, A1.
369. Emanuel and Emanuel, "Assisted Suicide?", A21.
370. France, "A Life-and-Death Decision, " 26.
371. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, in "Assisted Suicides Are Rare, Survey of Doctors Finds, " New York Times, April 23, 1998, A1.
372. Timothy Egan, "Right to Die, " A26.
373. Lewis, "Reno Lifts Barrier, " A1.
374. Robert Pear, "House Backs Ban on Using Medicine To Aid in Suicide, " New York Times, A1, A29;.
375. Sam Howe Verhovek, "Oregon Considers Challenge, " New York Times, October 28, 1999, A29.
376. Charles E. Rosenberg's "Slippery Slope, " New York Times, Sunday, November 24, 1996, sec. 7, p. 33.
377. "Kevorkian on Trial, " Psychiatric Times, February 1999, 16(2).
378. Diane Coleman, testimony before the Constitution Subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, July 14, 1998.
379. Humphry and Clement, Freedom to Die, 313.
380. Editorial, New York Times, February 27, 1999.
381. Joseph Shapiro, "Casting a Cold Eye on 'Death with Dignity, '" U.S. News & World Report, March I, 1999, 56.
382. Ezekiel Emanuel, "Whose Right To Die?" Atlantic Monthly, March 1997, 73-79.
383. David E. Rosenbaum, "Americans Want a Right To Die or So They Think, " New York Times, Sunday, June 8, 1997, sec. 4, p. 3.
384. Rosenbaum, "Americans Want a Right to Die, " 3.
385. Wilkes, "The Next Pro-Lifers, " 26.
386. Rosenbaum, "Americans Want a Right to Die, " 3.
387. Nancy Rolnick, "The Right to Live/The Right To Die, " New York Able, December 1995, 12, 19.
388. "Murder of Disabled Daughter Draws I-year Sentence, " RaggedEdge, January/February, 1998, 5.
389. Mary Jane Owen, "The Elizabeth Bouvia Suicide Case: Is Psychiatry Only for Able-Bodied?" The Detroit News, February 6, 1984, sec. A, p. 11.
390. Richard B. Treanor in We Overcame: The Story of Civil Rights for Disabled People (Falls Church, Va.: Regal Direct Publishing, 1993), 264.
391. Mary Jane Owen, "We're Cowards to Think This Suicide Is Right, " The Washington Post, February 12, 1984, B05 (in "Sunday Outlook").
392. Mary Johnson, "Life and Death: Unanswered Questions, " The Ragged Edge (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 187-93.
393. Frank Bowe, "Handicapping America: Barriers to Disabled People, " Disability: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1979), 90.
394. Michael White and John Gribbin, Stephen Hawking: A Lifo in Science (New York: Penguin Books, 1993).
395. Dennis Overbye's Lonery Hearts of the Cosmos (New York: Little Brown, 1999).
396. Stephen Nachtheim, in "Light Years Ahead: One-on-One with Stephen Hawking, " We, October 1997, 14.
397. Malcolm W. Browne, "A Bet on a Cosmic Scale and a Concession, Sort Of, " New York Times, February 12, 1997, A1, A22.
398. Hain, "Light Years Ahead, " 14.
399. Richard B. Treanor in We Overcame: The Story of Civil Rights for Disabled People (Falls Church, Va.: Regal Direct Publishing, 1993), 122.
400. Steven A. Holmes, New York Times, March 18, 1990.
401. Ronald L. Mace, 58, Designer of Buildings Accessible to All, " New York Times, July 13, 1998, B9.
402. Jim Davis, "Design for the 21st Century Starts Now, " Ragged Edge, November/December 1998, 10-14;.
403. Jim Davis, "Developing an Accessible Penn Station, " New York Able, March 1998, 3, 16.
404. Frank Bowe, "Handicapping America: Barriers to Disabled People, " Disabiliry: Our Challenge, John P. Hourihan, ed. (New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1979), 91.
405. Editorial, New York Times, November 13, 1992.
406. Peter Hellman, "Toilet Wars, " New York magazine, May 3, 1993, 38-43.
407. Philip K. Howard, The Death of Common Sense: How Law is Suffocating America (New York: Random House, 1994), 116-17.
408. Barbara Stewart, "Judge Finds Bias at Hospital in Dealings with Deaf Man, " New York Times, April 17, 1999, B4.
409. Ralf D. Hotchkiss, "Ground Swell on Wheels, " The Sciences Ouly/August 1993), 16.
410. "Pioneering Mobility, " Graduating Engineer (December 1994), 31.
411. Andrew Wyeth, "Christina's World, " exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City since 1973.
412. John Hockenberry, Moving Violations: War Zones, Wheelchairs, and Declarations of Independence (New York: Hyperion, 1995.
413. Walter H. Waggoner, "Blind Are Trained to Read Instruments in Newark Program, " New York Times, Sunday, December 18, 1977, sec. II, pp. 12-13.
414. Ben Van Wagner, "Science for People with Disabilities-President's Column, " Science Is for Everyone, Fall 1995, 1-2.
415. Dolores King, "Changing Attitudes, " Disabled In Action Activist, Spring 1999.
416. Harvey Blume, "Autism & the Internet" http://www.media-in- transition.mit.edu/articles/blume.html, 10-11.
417. Temple Grandin, Thinking in Pictures: And Other Reports from My Life with Autism (New York: Vintage, 1996).
418. Bruce Felton, "Technologies That Enable the Disabled, " New York Times, Sunday, September 14, 1997, sec. 3, p. 11.
419. "In Virtual Reality, Tools for the Disabled, " New York Times, April 13, 1994, C1, C6.
420. "Talk of the Nation, Science Friday, " National Public Radio, May 8, 1998.
421. H. Stephen Kaye, "Computer and Internet Use among People with Disabilities, " Disability Statistics Center: Report 13, March 2000 http://www.dsc.uscf.edu.
422. Pamela Mendels, "Advocates for Blind, in Suit, Say AOL Impedes Access to Internet, " New York Times, November 5, 1999, A25.
423. Peter D. Kramer, Listening to Prozac (New York: Viking, 1993).1.
424. Peter D. Kramer, Should You Leave (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997).
425. Peter R. Breggin, Toxic Psychiatry (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991).
426. "The Pill of Pills, " New York Review of Books, June 9, 1994, 4.
427. Barbara Strauch, "Use of Antidepression Medicine for Young Patients Has Soared, " New York Times, Sunday, August 10, 1997, AI, 24.
428. "Nightline, " ABC-TV News, February 24, 2000.
429. "All Things Considered, " National Public Radio News, May 26, 1998.
430. Philip J. Hilts, "Psychiatric Researchers Under Fire." New York Times, May 19, 1998, Fl, F5.
431. Lynda Richardson "New Rules Proposed for Medical Experiments on Mentally Ill, " New York Times, B4.
432. Marvin Spieler, "A Car Ride to Hell, " New York City Voices: A Consumer Journal for Mental Health Advocacy, July/August 1999, 14.
433. Randolph Mallory, "On the Line, " WNYC-AM, July 23, 1997.
434. http://www.abcnews.com. March 2, 2000.
435. Natalie Angier, "Joined for Life, and Living Life to the Full, " New York Times, December 23, 1997, F5.
436. Gregory E. Pence, Classic Cases in Medical Ethics (New York: McGraw Hill, 2000), chap. 8.
437. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Live and Let Die Over Transplants, " New York Times, Sunday, April 5, 1998, sec. 4, p. 3.
438. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Agreement on Plan to Revamp Organ Distribution, " New York Times, November 12, 1999, AI, A31.
439. Milt Freudenheim, "Corporate-Paid Psychotherapy: At What Price?" New York Times, April 12, 1994, D2.
440. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio, March 4, 1997.
441. Gina Kolata, "Advent of Testing for Breast Cancer Genes Leads to Fears of Disclosute and Discrimination, " New York Times, February 4, 1997, Cl, C3.
442. Robert Pear, "Rules on Privacy of Patient Data Stir Hot Debate, " New York Times, October 30, 1999, A1, A10).
443. Gina Kolata, "Biology'S Big Project Turns into Challenge for Computer Experts, " New York Times, June II, 1996, C1.
444. Nicholas Wade, "Genome Decoding Plan Is Derailed by Conflict, " New York Times, March 9, 2000, A20.
445. Adrienne Asch, "The Human Genome and Disability Rights, " The Disability Rag and ReSource, January/February 1994, 12.
446. "The Newshour with Jim Lehrer, " Public Broadcasting System, January I, 1997.
447. Kolata, "Advent of Testing for Breast Cancer Gene, " C1.
448. David L. Wheeler, "Scientists Worry about the Implications of Genetic Testing for Inherited Disease, " Nancy R. MacKenzie, ed. Science and Technology Today (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1995), 324.
449. "President Acts to Bar Genetic Discrimination, " Associated Press, New York Times web site http://www.nytimes.com. February 8, 2000).
450. "Weekend Edition, " National Public Radio, June 23, 1996.
451. Stabiner, "On the Line, " April 16, 1997.
452. Nicholas Wade ("Scientists Cultivate Cells at Root of Human Life, " New York Times, November 6, 1998, A1).
453. New York Times, Sunday, April 13, 1997, sec. 7, p. 8, .
454. Susan Love, "Sometimes Mother Nature Knows Best, " New York Times, March 20, 1997, A25.
455. Love, "Sometimes Mother Nature Knows Best, " A2S.
456. Alexis Jetter, "Should You Trust Her?" Health, July/August 1997, 104.
457. Love, "Sometimes Mother Nature Knows Best, " A25.
458. New York Times, Sunday, March 28, 1999, A28.
459. Jetter, "Should You Trust Her?", 103-4.
460. Love, "Sometimes Mother Nature Knows Best, " A2S.
461. Gina Kolata, "Estrogen Question Gets Tougher, " New York Times, April 6, 2000, A22.
462. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Now, Prescribing Just What the Patient Ordered, " New York Times, Sunday, August 10, 1997, sec. 4, p. 3.
463. Stabiner, "On the Line, " April 16, 1997.
464. "Sunday Morning, " CBS Television, May 11, 1997.
465. Steven Epstein, Impure Science (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).
466. Jeffrey Goldberg, in "Breakthrough, " New York Times, Sunday, January 12, 1997, sec. 7, p. 16.
467. Frank Bruni, "Act-Up Doesn't Much, Anymore, " New York Times, March 21, 1997, B1.
468. Goldberg, "Breakthrough, " 17.
469. Bruni, "Act-Up Doesn't Much, Anymore, " B1.
470. Christine Gorman, "The Disease Detective, " Time, December 30, 1996/January 6, 1997, 62.
471. Frank Rich, "Not If, But When, " New York Times, August 3, 1996, 19.
472. Gorman, "The Disease Detective, " 58.
473. Bruce G. Weniger and Max Essex, "Clearing the Way for an AIDS Vaccine, " New York Times, January 4, 1997, 1\23.
474. Lawrence K. Altman, "Some Scientists Are Hopeful Again for an AIDS Cure, " New York Times, July 1, 1998, A19.
475. Altman, "Some Scientists Are Hopeful, " A19.
476. David Ho, "Too Much Pessimism on AIDS Therapies, " New York Times, June 27, 1998, A15.
477. Lawrence K. Altman, "U.N. Warning AIDS Imperils Africa's Youth, " New York Times, June 28, 2000, A1, A12.
478. Lawrence K. Altman, "AIDS Meeting Ends with Little Hope of Breakthrough, " New York Times, Sunday, July 5, 1998, A1.
479. "Morning Edition, " National Public Radio, August 31, 1999.
480. Gabriel Rotello, "The Risk in a 'Cure' for AIDS, " New York Times, 14 July 1996, sec. 4, p. 17.
481. "National Public Radio News, " March 30, 1998.
482. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Eyes Shut, Black America Is Being Ravaged by AIDS, " New York Times, June 29, 1998, A1).
483. Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (New York: Viking Penguin, 1988).
484. Dinitia Smith, "Viewing AIDS Writing through Prism of Hope, " New York Times, January 13, 1997, Cu, C15.
485. Debra Shabas, "Knowledge Is Empowerment: Breast Cancer Prevention for Women with Disabilities, " We, September-October 1999, 47.
486. Howard A. Rusk, A World To Care For: The Autobiography of Howard A. Rusk, M.D. (New York: Random House, 1977), 89-90.
487. "Wars & Scars: A Diamond Anniversary History of the Disabled American Veterans, " DAV Magazine, July/August 1995, 1-2.
488. Frances A. Koestler, The Unseen Minority: A Social History of Blindness in America (New York: David McKay Company, 1976), 251.
489. Richard B. Treanor, We Overcame: The Story of Civil Rights for Disabled People (Falls Church, Va.: Regal Direct Publishing, 1993).
490. Richard K. Scotch, From Goodwill to Civil Rights: Transforming Federal Disability Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1984), 20.
491. Treanor, We Overcame, 15.
492. Treanor, We Overcame, 15.
493. Edward D. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 169.
494. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 259.
495. Koestler, The Unseen Minority, 260.
496. Rodman D. Griffin, "The Disabilities Act, " CQ Researcher, December 27, 1991, 1001.
497. Scotch, From Goodwill to Civil Rights, 20.
498. Paraplegia News, September 1956, 4.
499. Rusk, A World To Care For, 99.
500. Nora Groce, The U.S. Role in International Disability Activities: A History and a Look Toward the Future (Oakland, Calif.: International Disability Exchanges and Studies Project, 1992), 123-24.
501. Henry H. Kessler, The Knife is Not Enough (New York: W. W. Norton, 1968).
502. Groce, The U.S. Role in International Disability Activities, 28.
503. Rusk, A World To Care For, 66.
504. Rusk, A World To Care For, 52.
505. Rusk, A World To Care For, 43, 149.
506. Rusk, A World To Care For, Ibid., 77-78.
507. Rusk, A World To Care For, 48-49.
508. Rusk, A World To Care For, Ibid., 66.
509. Paraplegia News, December 1950, 4-5.
510. Paraplegia News, August 1946, 1, and August 1949, 3.
511. Paraplegia News, October 1946, 1, 3.
512. Paraplegia News, December 1950, 4.
513. Rusk, A World To Care For, 42-43.
514. Rusk, A World To Care For, Ibid., 76.
515. Paraplegia News, March 1948, 1.
516. Paraplegia News, August 1948, 5.
517. Paraplegia News, September 1950, 3.
518. Paraplegia News, June 1961, 12.
519. Groce, The U.S. Role in International Disability Activities, 156-57.
520. Wilber J. Scott, The Politics of Readjustment: Vietnam Veterans Since the War (Hawthorne, N.Y.: Aldine de Gruyter, 1993).
521. Paul Camacho, "The Future of the Veterans' Lobby and Its Potential Impact for Social Policy, " The American War in Vietnam, ed. Jayne Werner and David Hunt (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University [Southeast Asia Program], 1993), U6- 17.
522. GI Guinea Pigs: How the Pentagon Exposed Our Troops to Dangers More Deadly Than War (New York: Wideview Books, 1950).
523. Philip Shenon, "Two Studies Seem To Back Veterans Who Trace Illnesses to Gulf War, " New York Times, November 26, 1996, A1, A16.
524. "Studies on Gulf War Illnesses Are Faulted, " New York Times, Sunday, June IS, 1997, A15.
525. Steven Lee Myers, "Drug May Be Cause of Veterans Illnesses, " New York Times, October 19, 1999, A15.
526. Philip Shenon, "Chemical Arms in Gulf War: Medical Mystery and Credibility Crisis, " New York Times, January 2, 1997, Ar4. In 1959.
527. Shenon, "Chemical Arms in Gulf War, " A14.
528. Shenon, "Two Studies, " A16.
529. William A. Buckingham, "Operation Ranch Hand: Herbicides in Southeast Asia, 1961-1971, " posted October 18, 1997, http://cpcug. orgJuser/billb/ranchhand/ranchhand.html.
530. Gina Kolata, "Agent Orange and Diabetes: Diving into Murky Depths, " New York Times, March 30, 2000, A16.
531. Michael D'Antonio, "Atomic Guinea Pigs, " New York Times, August 31, 1997, Sunday, sec. 6, p. 38.
532. Eileen Welsome, The Plutonium Files: America's Secret Medical Experiments in the Cold War (New York: Delacorte Press, 1999).
533. Sandra Marlow, "A Daughter's Story, " The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, January 1983, 30.
534. "DAV Targets Aid to Vets Who Took Part in Nuclear Testing, " New York Able, March 1997, 6.
535. Philip Shenon, "Pentagon Says Gulf War Data Seem To Be Lost, " New York Times, December 5, 1996, A1, B18.
536. Philip Shenon, "Study Sharply Raises Estimate of Troops Exposed to Nerve Gas, " New York Times, July 24, 1997, A18.
537. "DAV Supports Easing Burden of Pro off or Gulf War Vets, " New York Able, March 1997, 3.
538. Dennis Bernstein, "Gulf War Syndrome Coverup, " Covert Action Quarterry, No. 53, Summer 1995, 9.
539. John Gliedman and William Roth, The Unexpected Minority: Handicapped Children in America (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), 173.
540. Christopher G. Bell and Robert I. Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum of Individual Abilities (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, 1983), 57.
541. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 59.
542. Edward D. Berkowitz, Disabled Policy: America's Programs for the Handicapped (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 207.
543. Gliedman and Roth, The Unexpected Minority, 466.
544. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 27.
545. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, Ibid., 57.
546. "The One and a Half Million Dollar Goof, " Disabled People Speak to Medical People, February 1990, 20.
547. Gliedman and Roth, The Unexpected Minority, 174.
548. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 57-58.
549. Gliedman and Roth, The Unexpected Minority, 179, 467.
550. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 57.
551. Gliedman and Roth, The Unexpected Minority, 466.
552. Gene I. Maeroff, "Suit Spurring Mississippi Efforts To Teach Handicapped Children, " New York Times, April 5, 1979, A13.
553. Bell and Burgdorf, Accommodating the Spectrum, 58.
554. Gliedman and Roth, The Unexpected Minority, 218.
555. Mary Johnson, "Amy and the Supremes, " Ragged Edge, May/June 1998, 29.
556. Johnson, "Amy and the Supremes, " 29.
557. R. C. Smith, The Case About Amy: Health, Society and Policy (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996).
558. Kipp Watson, "The Rowley Case: A Broken Promise, " DIA Activist, January 1983, 8.
559. R. C. Smith, "An Audience for Amy, " Ragged Edge, May/June 1998, 31.
560. Diane Lipton, "The 'Full Inclusion' Court Cases: I989-I994, " Presented at Wingspread Conference, Racine, Wisconsin, April 28 to May I, 1994, 2.
561. Targeting Autism: What We Know, Don't Know, and Can Do to Help Young Children with Autism and Related Disorders (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1997).
562. Tamar Lewin, "Family Tests Law on the Meaning of Inclusion, " New York Times, Sunday, December 2S, 1997, sec. I, p. 20.
563. "The NewsHout with Jim Lehrer, " Public Broadcasting System, March 24, 1995.
564. Linda Greenhouse, "Court Says School Must Pay for Needs of Disabled Pupils, " New York Times, March 4, 1999.
565. Editorial, "The Special Education Nightmare, " New York Times, June 24, 1996, A1.
566. Michael Winerip, "A Disabilities Program That 'Got Out of Hand, '" New York Times, AprilS, 1994, B6.
567. Pam Belluck, "A Plan To Revamp Special Education, " New York Times, November 26, 1996.
568. Ann Colin, Willie: Raising and Loving a Child with Attention Deficit Disorder (New York: Viking Press, 1997).
569. Belluck, "A Plan To Revamp Special Education, " B4.
570. Jill Chaifetz, "Saving Special Ed: System Dooms Too Many Children, but There's a Chance to Fix It, " New York Times, Sunday, May 30, 1999, sec. 14, p. 13.
571. Brent Staples, "Special Education Is Not a Scandal, " New York Times, Sunday, September 21, 1997, sec. 6, pp. 64-65.
572. Winerip, "A Disabilities Program That 'Got Out of Hand, '" B6.
573. "60 Minutes, " CBS-TV, June 9, 1996.
574. Philip K. Howard, The Death of Common Sense: How Law is Suffocating America (New York: Random House, 1994), 151.
575. Editorial, New York Times, June 24, 1996, A14.
576. Barbara Fisher and Richard Spiegel, "Diaspora: Special Education-NYC, " DIA Activist, January 1997, 8.
577. Editorial, New York Times, June 24, 1996, A14.
578. Lynda Richardson, "Minority Students Languish in Special Education System, " New York Times, April 6, 1994, A2, B7.
579. Richardson, "Minority Students Languish, " A2, B7.
580. Tamar Lewin, "Where All Doors Are Open For Disabled Students, " New York Times, Sunday, December 28, 1997, sec. I, p. 20.
581. Tamar Lewin, "Fictitious Learning-Disabled Student Is at Center of Lawsuit against College, " New York Times, April 8, 1997, B9.
582. Debra Ellen, "Taking the Case to Court, " Connections, September 1996, 3(4): 3.
583. Joseph P. Shapiro, "The Strange Case of Somnolent Samantha, " U.S. News and World Report, April 14, 1997, p. 31.
584. Shapiro, "The Strange Case of Somnolent Samantha, " 31.
585. Lewin, "Where All Doors Are Open For Disabled Students, " sec. I, p. 20.
586. "Inclusion: It's Not All Academic, " The Eric Review, Fall 1996, 4(3): 17.
587. "Talk of the Nation, Science Friday, " National Public Radio, May 8, 1998.
588. Cheryl Marie Wade, "It Ain't Exactly Sexy, " The Ragged Edge (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 89-90.
589. Barrett Shaw, "Introduction, " The Ragged Edge, ed. Barrett Shaw (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), xi.
590. Mary Jane Owen, "Like Squabbling Cubs, " The Ragged Edge, ed. Barrett Shaw (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 7.
591. Douglas Martin, "Disability Culture: Eager to Bite the Hand That Would Feed Them, " New York Times, Sunday, June I, 1997, sec. 4, pp. 1, 6.
592. Nadina LaSpina and Daniel Robert, "Pride and Identity, " Ragged Edge, March/April 1998, 13.
593. Erik H. Erikson, Childhood and Society (New York: W. W. Norton, 1950), 268.
594. Leonard Kriegel, author of Flying Solo: Re-imagining Manhood, Courage and Loss (New York: Beacon Press, 1998).
595. Martin, "Disability Culture, " sec. 4, p. 6.
596. LaSpina and Robert, "Pride and Identity, " 3.
597. Jean Stewart, The Body's Memory (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989).
598. Steven E. Brown, "We Are Who We Are ... So Who Are We?" Mainstream, August 1996, 31.
599. Robert F. Murphy, The Body Silent (1987; reprint, New York: W. W. Norton, 1990).
600. Murphy, The Body Silent, 102-3.
601. Murphy, The Body Silent, Ibid., 160-61.
602. Cass Irvin, "Preface: Why We Do What We Do, " The Ragged Edge (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), xiv.
603. Martin, "Disability Culture, " sec. 4, p. 6.
604. Carol Gill, "Questioning Continuum, " The Ragged Edge (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 45.
605. Marcia Chambers, "PGA Seeks a Review of Cart Suit, " New York Times, July 4, 2000, D4.
606. Joan Tollifson, "Imperfection is a Beautiful Thing: On Disability and Meditation, " Staring Back: The Disability Experience from the Inside Out, ed. Kenny Fries (New York: A Plume Book, 1997), 110.
607. "Disability Studies, " Ragged Edge, January/February 1998, 18.
608. Anthony Ramiriz, "Disability As a Field of Study?" New York Times, December 21, 1997, sec. 14, p. 8.
609. Paul Longmore, "The Second Phase: From Disability Rights to Disability Culture, " The Disability Rag & ReSource, September/October 1995, 16(5): 4-11.
610. Mary Johnson, "Just One Man's Story, But It Speaks for Many, " Sunday, New York Times, sec. 2, p. 23.
611. Martin, "Disability Culture, " sec. 4, p. 1.
612. Lynn Manning, "The Magic Wand, " ed. Kenny Fries, Staring Back: The Disability Experience from the Inside Out (New York: A Plume Book, 1997), 165.
613. "Sunday Morning, " CBS-TV, May 23, 1999.
614. Gulie Solomon, "A Painter Happily Emerges from a Determined Battle, " New York Times, Sunday, June 5, 2000, E5.
615. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "Reno Puts a Face on an Often Private Disease, " New York Times, Sunday, August IS, 1999, AI4.
616. James Weisman, "Myth & Media: Bigoted, " The Disability Rag, September/October 1991.
617. Editorial, New York Times, November 18, 1979.
618. Editorial, New York Times, January 3, 1984.
619. Editorial, New York Times, September 6, 1989.
620. Editorial, New York Times, May 28, 1991.
621. Martin, "Disability Culture, " sec. 4, p. 1.
622. David W. Dunlap, "Architecture in the Age of Accessibility, " New York Times, Sunday, June I, 1997, sec. 9, p. 1.
623. Sara Riner, "New Needs for Retirement Complexes' Oldest, " New York Times, March 23, 1998, AI.
624. Garry Pierre-Pierre, "Disrupting Sales at Greyhound, Disabled Protest Bus Access, " New York Times, August 9, 1997, 26.
625. Lisa Bannon, "The Vision Thing: Mr. Magoo Watches U.S. Cultural History and Struggles to Adapt, " Wall Street Journa- July 31, 1997, AI, A8.
626. Roxana Hegeman, "No More Mr. Magoo Say Blind Group, " New York Dairy News, July 3, 1997, 3.
627. Greg Gittrich, "Disabled Rip Bay Plaza Traffic Peril, " New York Dairy News, August 7, 1997.
628. Maria Fugate, "Disabled Bridge Gap, " New York Daily News, August 10, 1985.
629. Bruce Felton, "Technologies That Enable the Disabled, " New York Times, Sunday, September 14, 1997, sec. 3, pp. 1, 10, 11.
630. David E. Rosenbaum, "Health Benefits Bill Shows Power of the Disabled, " New York Times, June 7, 1999, AI, AI8.
631. Constance L. Hays, "Niche Magazines on Maladies Take a Peppier and Glossier Route, " New York Times, June 9, 1997, D23.
632. John R. Woodward, "It Can Happen Here, " The Ragged Edge (Louisville: The Advocado Press, 1994), 230-35.
633. Frank Bowe, "An Overview Paper on Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications, " Civil Rights Issues of Handicapped Americans: Public Policy Implications (Washington, D.C.: A Consultation Sponsored by the United States Commission on Civil Rights, May 13-14, 1980), 11.
634. Bob Herbert, "Children in Crisis, " New York Times, June 10, 1999, A31.
635. Douglas Martin, "A Victor Fears for the Future, " New York Times, April 29, 1997, B1.
636. "National Public Radio News, " June 20, 1997.
637. Sheryl Gay Stolberg, "The Good Death: Embracing a Right to Die Well, " New York Times, Sunday, June 29, 1997, sec. 4, p. 4.
638. Martin, "Disability Culture, " sec. 4, p. 6.
639. Linda Hamilton Krieger, "Sociological Backlash, " Backlash against the ADA (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2003), 340-93.
640. www.cilswks.org/docs/CCAsum08a.pdf.
641. www.cdrnys.org/index.php?option=com-content&view=article&id= 333%3Acommunity-choice-act-ending-the-institutional-bias&catid= 20%3Aactions&Itemid=7.
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643. Gardiner Harris, "Talk Doesn't Pay, So Psychiatry Turns Instead to Drug Therapy, " New York Times, March 6, 2011.
644. Jim Sinclair, "Autism Network International: The Development of a Community and Its Culture, " January 2005, www.autreat.com/History-of-ANI. html.
645. Adrienne Asch and David Wasserman, "Informed Consent and Prenatal Testing: The Kennedy- Brownback Act, " American Medical Association Journal of Ethics 11(9) (September 2009): 721-24.
646. David Wasserman and Adrienne Asch, "The Uncertain Rationale for Prenatal Disability Screening, " Virtual Mentor 8 (January 2006): 54.
647. Adrienne Asch, "Abortion, Information and Disability: The Implications of Kennedy-Brownback for Women, Families and Society, " Colloquium Series on Health, Law, and Society, Columbia Law School, October 7, 2009.
648. T. R. Reid, The Healing of America: A Global Quest for Better, Cheaper, and Fairer Health Care (New York: Penguin Press, 2009).
649. Wendell Potter, Deadly Spin (New York: Bloomsbury Press, 2010).
650. "The Case of Terry Schiavo, " New York Review of Books, June 9, 2005.
651. "Unspeakable Conversations, " New York Times Magazine, February 16, 2003.
652. Doris Zames Fleischer and Frieda Zames, "Compassionate Killings, " Disability Studies Quarterly 25(3) (Summer 2005).
653. www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/04/07/kindle-protest-disabled-p-n-184277. html.
654. Deaf Times, http://deaftimes.com.
655. PRNewswire, January 27, 2010.
656. Aaron Glantz, The War Comes Home (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 49.
657. "Tricare Investigation: Pentagon Plan Won't Cover Brain-Damage Therapy", National Public Radio, December 20, 2010.
658. Gregg Zoroya, "Mental Illness Costing Military Soldiers, " USA Today, July 26, 2010.
659. Zoroya, "Leaders Criticized in Army Suicides, " USA Today, August 2, 2010.
660. T. Tanielian and L. H. Jaycox, eds., Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery (Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND Corporation, MG-720-CCF, 2008).
661. "VA Officials Try to Ease Disability Exam Backlog, " Morning Edition, National Public Radio, April 8, 2011.
662. Danny Hakim, "At State- Run Homes, Abuse and Impunity, " New York Times, March 13, 2011.
663. http://febp.newamerica.net/background-analysis/individuals-disabilities- education-act-funding-distribution.
664. www.napas.org/en/issues/community-integration/317-laguna-honda-hospital- settles.html.
665. www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/nyregion/20paterson.html.
666. Jere Longman, "An Amputee Sprinter: Is He Disabled or Too-Abled?" New York Times, May 15, 2007.
667. DisabilityWorks, January 28, 2008, www.disabilityworks.com.