The Chicago NAACP: A century of challenge, triumph, and inertia

Long is The Way and Hard: One Hundred Years of the NAACP

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 169-183

  Reed, Christopher Robert ^a  

^a ROOSEVELT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

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EID: 84904453114     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (47)

1. Christopher Robert Reed, The Chicago NAACP and the Rise of Black Professional Leadership, 1910-1966 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1997).
2. James R. Ralph Jr., Northern Protest: Martin Luther King, Jr., Chicago, and the Civil Rights Movement (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993), 10.
3. James R. Ralph Jr., Northern Protest: Martin Luther King, Jr., Chicago, and the Civil Rights Movement (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993) 12.
4. James R. Ralph Jr., Northern Protest: Martin Luther King, Jr., Chicago, and the Civil Rights Movement (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993) 22.
5. James R. Ralph Jr., Northern Protest: Martin Luther King, Jr., Chicago, and the Civil Rights Movement (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993)79.
6. The Souls of Black Folk (New York: 1903; reprint, Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publishing, 1961), 81.
7. "The New Frontage on American Life, " in The New Negro, ed. Alain Locke (New York: Boni, 1925; reprint, New York: 1968), 288.
8. August Meier and Elliott Rudwick, Black Detroit and the Rise of the UAW (New York: Oxford University Press, 1979).
9. Thomas J. Sugrue, Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Equality in Post-War Detroit (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996), 170-76.
10. Lillian Serece Williams, Strangers in the Land of Paradise: The Creation of an African American Community, Buffalo, New York, 1900-1940 (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999), 153-78.
11. Albert S. Broussard, Black San Francisco: The Struggle for Racial Equality in the West, 1900-1954 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1993), 75-91.
12. Clair Drake and Horace R. Cayton, Black Metropolis: A Study of Negro Life in a Northern City (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1945), 763.
13. B. Joyce Ross, J. E. Spingarn and the Rise of the NAACP, 1911-1939 (New York: Atheneum, 1972), 31.
14. David W. Southern, The Malignant Heritage: Yankee Progressives and the Negro Question, 1901-1914 (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1968), 32.
15. Steven J. Diner, "Chicago Social Workers and Blacks in the Progressive Era, " Social Service Review 44 (December 1984): 393-410.
16. Dewey R. Grantham, "The Progressive Movement and the Negro, " South Atlantic Quarterly 54 (October 1955): 473.
17. Avery, Up from Washington, 23.
18. Jane Addams, Social Control (New York: NAACP Publications, 1911), 1.
19. Diner, "Chicago Social Workers, " 404.
20. Edward R. Kantowicz, "Carter H. Harrison II: The Politics of Balance, " in The Mayors: The Chicago Political Tradition, ed. Paul M. Green and Melvin G. Holli (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1987), 28.
21. Oswald Garrison Villard, "The Objects of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, " Crisis, May 1912, 81.
22. Oswald Garrison Villard, "The Objects of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, " Crisis, May 1912, 82.
23. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chicago Defender, March 13, 1915, 4.
24. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chicago Tribune, January 16, 1915, 1.
25. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chicago Defender, January 16, 1915, 4.
26. Oswald Garrison Villard, Chicago Defender, April 17, 1915, 1.
27. Allan H. Spear, Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890-1920 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967), 84.
28. Arvarh E. Strickland, History of the Chicago Urban League (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1966), 34.
29. August Meier, Negro Thought in America, 1880-1915: Racial Ideologies in the Age of Booker T. Washington (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1963).
30. "Opinion, " Crisis, March 1914, 227.
31. Ross, Spingarn, 21-48.
32. Ross, Chicago Defender, January 10, 1914, 4.
33. Ross, Chicago Broad-Ax, September 7, 1912, 1.
34. Reverdy C. Ransom, The Pilgrimage of Harriet Ransom's Son (Nashville, Tenn.: Sunday School Union, 1947), 164.
35. Churches and Voluntary Associations in the Chicago Negro Community (Chicago: Works Projects Administration, 1940), 125.
36. Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983), 359-78.
37. Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983) 427.
38. Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1983) 435-37.
39. Spear, Black Chicago, 60.
40. Alzada Comstock, "Chicago Housing Conditions, IV: The Problem of the Negro, " American Journal of Sociology 18 (September 1912): 250.
41. Alzada Comstock, "Chicago Housing Conditions, IV: The Problem of the Negro, " American Journal of Sociology 18 (September 1912) 257.
42. James R. Grossman, Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), 161.
43. James R. Grossman, Chicago Broad-Ax, October 26, 1912, 1, 2.
44. Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington. The Wizard of Tuskegee, 290-94.
45. Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington Chicago Broad-Ax, August 24, 1912, 2.
46. Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington. Chicago Defender, February 22, 1930, 16.
47. W. E. B. Du Bois, Dusk of Dawn (New York: Schocken Books, 1970), 197f.