Resistance of concrete and mortar against combined attack of chloride and sodium sulphate

Cement and Concrete Composites

Volumn 53, Issue , 2014, Pages 59-72

  Maes, Mathias ^a   De Belie, Nele ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Blast Furnace Slag; Chlorides; Combined attack; Concrete; Mortar; Sulphates

Indexed keywords

BLAST FURNACES; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CONCRETES; DIFFUSION; MORTAR; SLAGS;

CHLORIDE PENETRATION; CHLORIDES; COMBINED ATTACKS; CONCRETE DURABILITY; MITIGATING EFFECTS; ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT; SULPHATE-RESISTANT CEMENTS; SULPHATES;

SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84904367795     PISSN: 09589465     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.06.013     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. H.-W. Song, S.-W. Pack, and K.Y. Ann Probabilistic assessment to predict the time to corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete tunnel box exposed to sea water Constr Build Mater 23 10 2009 3270 3278
2. S.J. Kwon, U.J. Na, S.S. Park, and S.H. Jung Service life prediction of concrete wharves with early-aged crack: probabilistic approach for chloride diffusion Struct Saf 31 1 2009 75 83
3. T. Sibbick, D. Fenn, and N. Crammond The occurrence of thaumasite as a product of seawater attack Cem Concr Compos 25 8 2003 1059 1066
4. A. Costa, and J. Appleton Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment - Part II: Prediction of long term chloride penetration Mater Struct 32 219 1999 354 359
5. A. Costa, and J. Appleton Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment - Part I: Main parameters affecting chloride penetration Mater Struct 32 218 1999 252 259
6. S.W. Pack, M.S. Jung, H.W. Song, S.H. Kim, and K.Y. Ann Prediction of time dependent chloride transport in concrete structures exposed to a marine environment Cem Concr Res 40 2 2010 302 312
7. A. Lindvall Chloride ingress data from field and laboratory exposure - influence of salinity and temperature Cem Concr Compos 29 2 2007 88 93 (Pubitemid 46001735)
8. P. Castro, O.T. De Rincon, and E.J. Pazini Interpretation of chloride profiles from concrete exposed to tropical marine environments Cem Concr Res 31 4 2001 529 537 (Pubitemid 32457399)
9. F.P. Glasser, J. Marchand, and E. Samson Durability of concrete - degradation phenomena involving detrimental chemical reactions Cem Concr Res 38 2 2008 226 246 (Pubitemid 50012771)
10. A. Delagrave, J. Marchand, J.P. Ollivier, S. Julien, and K. Hazrati Chloride binding capacity of various hydrated cement paste systems Adv Cem Based Mater 6 1 1997 28 35
11. D. Izquierdo, C. Alonso, C. Andrade, and M. Castellote Potentiostatic determination of chloride threshold values for rebar depassivation - experimental and statistical study Electrochim Acta 49 17-18 2004 2731 2739
12. Q. Yuan Fundamental studies on test methods for the transport of chloride ions in cementitious materials doctoral thesis 2009 Ghent University Ghent
13. L. Tang Chloride transport in concrete - measurement and prediction doctoral thesis 1996 Chalmers University of Technology Göteborg
14. G. De Schutter Hydration and temperature development of concrete made with blast-furnace slag cement Cem Concr Res 29 1 1999 143 149
15. R. Luo, Y.B. Cai, C.Y. Wang, and X.M. Huang Study of chloride binding and diffusion in GGBS concrete Cem Concr Res 33 1 2003 1 7 (Pubitemid 35432680)
16. R. Bleszynski, R.D. Hooton, M.D.A. Thomas, and C.A. Rogers Durability of ternary blend concretes with silica fume and blast-furnace slag: laboratory and outdoor exposure site studies ACI Mater J 99 5 2002 499 508
17. F.G. Leng, N.Q. Feng, and X.Y. Lu An experimental study on the properties of resistance to diffusion of chloride ions of fly ash and blast furnace slag concrete Cem Concr Res 30 6 2000 989 992
18. U. Angst, B. Elsener, C.K. Larsen, and O. Vennesland Critical chloride content in reinforced concrete - a review Cem Concr Res 39 12 2009 1122 1138
19. N.P. Rajamane, J.A. Peter, J.K. Dattatreya, M. Neelamegam, and S. Gopalakrishnan Improvement in properties of high performance concrete with partial replacement of cement by ground granulated blast furnace slag J Inst Eng India Civil Eng Div 84 Mai 2003 38 42 (Pubitemid 43072868)
20. M. Maes, E. Gruyaert, and N. De Belie Resistance of concrete with blast-furnace slag against chlorides, investigated by comparing chloride profiles after migration and diffusion Mater Struct 46 1-2 2013 89 103
21. O.S.B. Al-Amoudi Sulfate attack and reinforcement corrosion in plain and blended cements exposed to sulfate environments Build Environ 33 1 1998 53 61 (Pubitemid 128403415)
22. 4 attack Cem Concr Res 30 10 2000 1535 1542 (Pubitemid 32071544)
23. P.W. Brown, R.D. Hooton, and B.A. Clark The co-existence of thaumasite and ettringite in concrete exposed to magnesium sulfate, at room temperature and the influence of blast-furnace slag substitution on sulfate resistance Cem Concr Compos 25 8 2003 939 945
24. S. Sahu, S. Badger, and N. Thaulow Evidence of thaumasite formation in Southern California concrete Cem Concr Compos 24 3-4 2002 379 384 (Pubitemid 34551938)
25. S. Sahu, S. Badger, and N. Thaulow Mechanism of thaumasite formation in concrete slabs on grade in Southern California Cem Concr Compos 25 8 2003 889 897
26. F. Akoz, F. Turker, S. Koral, and N. Yuzer Effects of raised temperature of sulfate solutions on the sulfate resistance of mortars with and without silica fume Cem Concr Res 29 4 1999 537 544
27. T. Matsumura, K. Shirai, and T. Saegusa Verification method for durability of reinforced concrete structures subjected to salt attack under high temperature conditions Nucl Eng Des 238 5 2008 1181 1188 (Pubitemid 351442957)
28. N. Otsuki, M.S. Madlangbayan, T. Nishida, T. Saito, and M.A. Baccay Temperature dependency of chloride induced corrosion in concrete J Adv Concr Technol 7 1 2009 41 50
29. S.U. Al-Dulaijan, M. Maslehuddin, M.M. Al-Zahrani, A.M. Sharif, M. Shameem, and M. Ibrahim Sulfate resistance of plain and blended cements exposed to varying concentrations of sodium sulfate Cem Concr Compos 25 4-5 2003 429 437
30. Rasheeduzzafar, O.S.B. Alamoudi, S.N. Abduljauwad, and M. Maslehuddin Magnesium-sodium sulfate attack in plain and blended cements J Mater Civil Eng 6 2 1994 201 222
31. O.S.B. Alamoudi, Rasheeduzzafar, M. Maslehuddin, and S.N. Abduljauwad Influence of chloride-ions on sulfate deterioration in plain and blended cements Mag Concr Res 46 167 1994 113 123
32. E. Gruyaert, P. Van den Heede, M. Maes, and N. De Belie Investigation of the influence of blast-furnace slag on the resistance of concrete against organic acid or sulphate attack by means of accelerated degradation tests Cem Concr Res 42 1 2012 173 185
33. Z. Liu Study of the basic mechanisms of sulfate attack on cementitious materials doctoral thesis 2010 Ghent University Ghent
34. O.S.B. Al Amoudi OSB, M. Maslehuddin, and Y.A.B. Abdul-Al Role of chloride ions on expansion and strength reduction in plain and blended cements in sulfate environments Constr Build Mater 9 1 1995 25 33
35. Abdalkader AHM, Lynsdale CJ, Cripps JC. The effect of chloride on performance of cement mortars subjected to sulfate exposure at low temperature. In: SCMT 2013-3rd international conference on sustainable construction materials and technology. Kyoto, Japan 2013.
36. J. Zuquan, S. Wei, Z. Yunsheng, J. Jinyang, and L. Jianzhong Interaction between sulfate and chloride solution attack of concretes with and without fly ash Cem Concr Res 37 8 2007 1223 1232 (Pubitemid 47198234)
37. K. De Weerdt, and M.R. Geiker Changes in the phase assemblage of concrete exposed to seawater - case study S. Jacobsen, H. Justnes, Proceeding of the proceedings of the international congress on durability of concrete (ICDC 2012), 18-21 June 2012, Trondheim, Norway 2012 NTNU Trondheim Trondheim, Norway
38. 206-1 NE. Concrete - Part 1. Specification, Performance, Production and Conformity. Brussels, Belgium: European committee for standardization; 2000.
39. NBN EN 12350-2. Slump-test. Testing fresh concrete. Brussels, Belgium: European committee for standardization; 2009.
40. NBN EN 12350-7. Air content - pressure methods. Testing fresh concrete. Brussels, Belgium: European committee for standardization; 2009.
41. NBN EN 196-2. Chemical analysis of cement. Methods of testing cement Brussels, Belgium: European committee for standardization; 2005.
42. NBN EN 15167-1. Ground granulated blast furnace slag for use in concrete, mortar and grout. Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity criteria. Brussels, Belgium: EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION; 2007.
43. NT Build 443. Accelerated Chloride Penetration. Concrete Hardened. Espoo, Finland: NordTest; 1995.
44. Maes M, Caspeele R, Van den Heede P, De Belie N. Influence of sulphates on chloride diffusion and the effect of this on service life prediction of concrete in a submerged marine environment. In: Strauss A, Frangopol DM, Bergmeister K, editors. 3rd International symposium on Life-cycle Civil Engineering: Life-cycle and sustainability of civil infrastructure systems. Vienna, Austria; 2012.
45. International A. C 1012-04: Standard test method for length change of hydraulic-cement mortars exposed to a sulfate solution; 2004. p. 6.
46. D.L. Bish, and S.A. Howard Quantitative phase-analysis using the Rietveld method J Appl Crystallogr 21 1988 86 91
47. J. Martin-Marquez, A.G. De la Torre, M.A.G. Aranda, J.M. Rincon, and M. Romero Evolution with temperature of crystalline and amorphous phases in porcelain stoneware J Am Ceram Soc 92 1 2009 229 234
48. R. Snellings, M. De Schepper, K. De Buysser, I. Van Driessche, and N. De Belie Clinkering reactions during firing of recyclable concrete J Am Ceram Soc 95 5 2012 1741 1749
49. Coelho AA. Topas Academic Version 4.1, 2007. < http://www.topas- academic.net >, March 16; 2012.
50. O.S.B. Al-Amoudi, Rasheeduzzafar, M. Maslehuddin, and S.N. Abduljauwad Influence of sulfate ions on chloride-induced reinforcement corrosion in portland and blended cement concretes Cem Concr Aggr 16 1 1994 3 11
51. W. Kunther, B. Lothenbach, and K. Scrivener Influence of bicarbonate ions on the deterioration of mortar bars in sulfate solutions Cem Concr Res 44 2013 77 86