Factor analysis of the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale: (ATOS) in short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy

Psychological Assessment

Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 925-934

  Ryum, Truls ^a   Støre Valen, Jakob ^b   Svartberg, Martin ^c   Stiles, Tore Charles ^a   McCullough, Leigh ^d  

^a NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^b Levanger Hospital   (Norway)

^c Modum Bad Psychiatric Center Harvard Medical School ^*

^d HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

ATOS; CT; Factor analysis; STDP; Treatment objectives

Indexed keywords

ADULT; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER; FACTORIAL ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PROCEDURES; PSYCHODYNAMIC PSYCHOTHERAPY; PSYCHOMETRY; PSYCHOTHERAPY; VIDEORECORDING;

ADULT; COGNITIVE THERAPY; COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PATIENT CARE PLANNING; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PROFESSIONAL-PATIENT RELATIONS; PSYCHOMETRICS; PSYCHOTHERAPY, BRIEF; PSYCHOTHERAPY, PSYCHODYNAMIC; VIDEO RECORDING;

EID: 84904358057     PISSN: 10403590     EISSN: 1939134X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0036570     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
2. Beck, A. T., Freeman, A. M., Pretzer, J., Davis, D. D., Fleming, B., Ottaviani, R., & Trexler, L. (1990). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
3. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
4. Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588-606.
5. Berggraf, L., Ulvenes, P. G., Wampold, B. E., Hoffart, A., & McCullough, L. (2012). Properties of the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale (ATOS): A generalizability theory study. Psychotherapy Research, 22, 327-347.
6. Brown, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K. A. Bollen & J. S. Long (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136-162). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
7. Carley, M. (2006). A validation study of Affect and Defense Rating Scales (Doctoral dissertation). Available from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 3249870).
8. Chen, F., Curran, P. J., Bollen, K. A., Kirby, J., & Paxton, P. (2008). An empirical evaluation of the use of fixed cutoff points in RMSEA test statistic in structural equation models. Sociological Methods and Research, 36, 462-494.
9. Gaston, L., & Ring, J. M. (1992). Preliminary results on the Inventory of Therapeutic Strategies. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice & Research, 1, 135-146.
10. Greenberg, L. S., & Pinsof, W. M. (1986). Process research: Current trends and future perspectives. In L. S. Greenberg & W. M. Pinsof (Eds.), The psychotherapeutic process: A research handbook (pp. 3-20) New York, NY: Guilford Press.
11. Hoyle, R. H. (1995). The structural modeling approach: Basic concepts and fundamental issues. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 1-15). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
12. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating model fit. In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications (pp. 76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
13. Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55.
14. Jones, E. E. (2000). Therapeutic action: A guide to psychoanalytic therapy. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
15. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1999). LISREL 8: Structural equation modeling with the SIMPLIS command language. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software.
16. Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (2006). LISREL 8.80 user's reference guide. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software.
17. Kallestad, H., Valen, J., McCullough, L., Svartberg, M., Høglend, P., & Stiles, T. C. (2010). The relationship between insight gained during therapy and long-term outcome in short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for cluster C personality disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 20, 526-534.
18. Kline, R. B. (1998). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
19. MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130-149.
20. Malan, D. M. (1979). Individual psychotherapy and the science of psychodynamics. London, England: Heineman-Butterworth Press.
21. Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., & Wen, Z. (2004). In search of golden rules: Comment on hypothesis-testing approaches to setting cutoff values for fit indexes and dangers in overgeneralizing Hu and Bentler's (1999) findings. Structural Equation Modeling, 11, 320-341.
22. McCullough, L. (1991). Davanloo's short-term dynamic psychotherapy: A cross-theoretical analysis of change mechanisms. In R. Curtis & G. Stricker (Eds.), How people change: Inside and outside psychotherapy (pp. 59-79). New York, NY: Plenum Press.
23. McCullough, L. (1999). Short-term dynamic psychotherapy as a form of desensitization: Treating affect phobias. In Session: Psychotherapy in Practice, 4, 35-53.
24. McCullough, L., Kuhn, N., Andrews, S., Kaplan, A., Wolf, J., & Hurley, C. L. (2003). Treating affect phobia: A manual for short-term dynamic psychotherapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
25. McCullough, L., Kuhn, N., Andrews, S., Valen, J., Hatch, D., & Osimo, F. (2004). The reliability of the Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale: A research and teaching tool for brief psychotherapy. Journal of Brief Therapy, 2, 72-90.
26. McCullough, L., Larsen, A. E., Schanche, E., Andrews, S., Kuhn, N. (with Hurley, C. L., Carley, M., & Francis-Ranier, E.). (2003). Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale: ATOS scale. Retrieved from http://affectphobiatherapy.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/ATOS-scalemanual.pdf
27. McCullough-Vaillant, L. (1997). Changing character: Short-term, anxietyregulating psychotherapy for restructuring defenses, affects, and attachment. New York, NY: Basic Books.
28. Schanche, E., Nilsen, G. H., McCullough, L., Valen, J., & Mykletun, A. (2010). Training graduate students as raters in psychotherapy process research. Nordic Psychology, 62, 4 -20.
29. Schanche, E., Stiles, T. C., McCullough, L., Svartberg, M., & Nielsen, G. H. (2011). The relationship between activating affects, inhibitory affects, and self-compassion in patients with Cluster C personality disorders. Psychotherapy, 48, 293-303.
30. Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173-180.
31. Svartberg, M., Stiles, T. C., & Seltzer, M. (2004). A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of short term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy for Cluster C personality disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 810-817.
32. Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1-10.
33. Ulvenes, P. G., Berggraf, L., Hoffart, A., Levy, R. A., Ablon, J. S., Mc-Cullough, L., & Wampold, B. E. (2012). Can two psychotherapy process measures be dependably rated simultaneously? A generalizability study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59, 638-644.
34. Valen, J. Ryum, T., Svartberg, M., Stiles, T. C., & McCullough, L. (2011). The Achievement of Therapeutic Objectives Scale: Interrater reliability and sensitivity to change in short-term dynamic psychotherapy and cognitive therapy. Psychological Assessment, 23, 848 - 855.
35. Young, J., & Beck, A. (1980). Cognitive Therapy Scale: Rating manual. Unpublished manuscript, Center for Cognitive Therapy, Philadelphia, PA.