Measuring habitat fragmentation: An evaluation of landscape pattern metrics

Methods in Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 5, Issue 7, 2014, Pages 634-646

  Wang, Xianli ^a   Blanchet, F Guillaume ^a,b,c   Koper, Nicola ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI   (Finland)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Fragmentation; Habitat abundance; Landscape pattern metrics; Simulated landscape; Spatial aggregation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904290759     PISSN: None     EISSN: 2041210X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.12198     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Andren, H. (1994) Effects of habitat fragmentation on birds and mammals in landscapes with different proportions of suitable habitat - a review. Oikos, 71, 355-366.
2. Betts, M.G., Forbes, G.J., Diamond, A.W. & Taylor, P.D. (2006) Independent effects of fragmentation on forest songbirds: an organism-based approach. Ecological Applications, 16, 1076-1089.
3. Cumming, S.G. & Vernier, P. (2002) Statistical models of landscape pattern metrics, with applications to regional scale dynamic forest simulations. Landcape Ecology, 17, 433-444.
4. Cushman, S.A., McGarigal, K. & Neel, M.C. (2008) Parsimony in landscape metrics: strength, universality, and consistency. Ecological Indicators, 8, 691-703.
5. Evans, D., Turley, N.E., Levey, D.J. & Tewksbury, J.J. (2012) Habitat patch shape, not corridors, determines herbivory and fruit production of an annual plant. Ecology, 93, 1016-1025.
6. Fahrig, L. (1997) Relative effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on population extinction. Journal of Wildlife Management, 61, 603-610.
7. Fahrig, L. (1998) When does fragmentation of breeding habitat affect population survival? Ecological Modelling, 105, 273-292.
8. Fahrig, L. (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, 34, 487-515.
9. Flather, C.H. & Bevers, M. (2002) Patchy reaction-diffusion and population abundance: the relative importance of habitat amount and arrangement. American Naturalist, 159, 40-56.
10. Fortin, M.J., Boots, B., Csillag, F. & Remmel, T.K. (2003) On the role of spatial stochastic models in understanding landscape indices in ecology. Oikos, 102, 203-212.
11. Franklin, J.F. & Forman, R.T.T. (1987) Creating landscape patterns by forest cutting: ecological consequences and principles. Landscape Ecology, 1, 5-18.
12. Fraterrigo, J.M., Pearson, S.M. & Turner, M.G. (2009) The response of understory herbaceous plants to nitrogen fertilization in forests of different land-use history. Forest Ecology and Management, 257, 2182-2188.
13. Gray, R.M. (2006) Toeplitz and Circulant Matrices: a review. Foundations and Trends in Communications and Information Theory, 2, 155-239.
14. Gustafson, E.J. (1998) Quantifying landscape spatial pattern: what is the state of the art? Ecosystems, 1, 143-156.
15. Haddad, N.M., Hudgens, B.R., Damschen, E.I., Levey, D.J., Orrock, J.L., Tewksbury, J.J. & Weldon, A. (2011) Assessing positive and negative ecological effects of corridors. Sources, Sinks, and Sustainability (eds J. Liu, V. Hull, A.T. Morzillo & J.A. Wiens ), pp. 475-503. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
16. Haines-Young, R. & Chopping, M. (1996) Quantifying landscape structure: a review of landscape indices and their application to forested landscapes. Progress in Physical Geography, 20, 418-445.
17. Hargis, C.D., Bissonette, J.A. & David, J.L. (1998) The behavior of landscape metrics commonly used in the study of habitat fragmentation. Landscape Ecology, 13, 167-186.
18. Hargis, C.D., Bissonette, J.A. & Turner, D.L. (1999) The influence of forest fragmentation and landscape pattern on American marten. Journal of Applied Ecology, 36, 157-172.
19. Hastie, T.J. & Tibshirani, R.J. (1990) Generalized Additive Models. Chapman and Hall, London.
20. He, H.S., DeZonia, B.E. & Mladenoff, D.J. (2000) An aggregation index (AI) to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 15, 591-601.
21. Hutchinson, G.E. (1957) Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia Quantitative Biology, 22, 415-427.
22. Jaeger, J.A.G. (2000) Landscape division, splitting index, and effective mesh size: new measures of landscape fragmentation. Landscape Ecology, 15, 115-130.
23. Koper, N., Schmiegelow, F.K.A. & Merrill, E.H. (2007) Residuals cannot distinguish between ecological effects of habitat amount and fragmentation: implications for the debate. Landscape Ecology, 22, 811-820.
24. Li, H.B. & Reynolds, J.F. (1993) A new contagion index to quantify spatial patterns of landscapes. Landscape Ecology, 8, 155-162.
25. Lindenmayer, D.B. (2009) Large-Scale Landscape Experiments: Lessons from Tumut. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 287 pp.
26. Martin, B.A., Shao, G., Swihart, R.K. & Parker, G.R. (2008) Implications of shared edge length between land cover types for landscape quality: the case of Midwestern US, 1940-1998. Landscape Ecology, 23, 391-402.
27. McGarigal, K. & Marks, B.J. (1995) Fragstats: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Quantifying Landscape Structure, General Technical Report PNW-GTR-351. US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR, USA.
28. McGarigal, K. & McComb, W.C. (1995) Relationships between landscape structure and breeding birds in the Oregon coast range. Ecological Monographs, 65, 235-260.
29. McGarigal, K., Cushman, S.A., Neel, M.C. & Ene, E. (2002) FRAGSTATS: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at the following web site: www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html.
30. Murphy, D.D. & Noon, B.R. (1992) Integrating scientific methods with habitat conservation planning - reserve design for northern spotted owls. Ecological Applications, 2, 3-17.
31. Neel, M.C., McGarigal, K. & Cushman, S.A. (2004) Behavior of class-level landscape metrics across gradients of class aggregation and area. Landscape Ecology, 19, 435-455.
32. O'Neill, R.V., Krummel, J.R., Gardner, R.H., Sugihara, G., Jackson, B., DeAngelis, D.L. et al. (1988) Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology, l, 153-162.
33. Orrock, J.L., Curler, G.R., Danielson, B.J. & Coyle, D.R. (2011) Large-scale experimental landscapes reveal distinctive effects of patch geometry and connectivity on arthropod communities. Landscape Ecology, 26, 1361-1372.
34. R Development Core Team. (2011) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org/.
35. Remmel, T.K. & Csillag, F. (2003) When are two landscape pattern indices significantly different? Journal of Geographical Systems, 331-351.
36. Riitters, K.H., O'Neill, R.V., Hunsaker, C.T., Wickham, J.D., Yankee, D.H., Timmins, S.P., Jones, K.B. & Jackson, B.L. (1995) A factor analysis of landscape pattern and structure metrics. Landscape Ecology, 10, 23-39.
37. Riitters, K.H., O'Neill, R.V., Wickham, J.D. & Jones, K.B. (1996) A note on contagion indices for landscape analysis. Landscape Ecology, 11, 197-202.
38. Samson, F.B., Knopf, F.L. & Ostlie, W.R. (2004) Great Plains ecosystems: past, present, and future full access. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 32, 6-15.
39. Saunders, D., Hobbs, R. & Margules, C. (1991) Biological consequences of ecosystem fragmentation: a review. Conservation Biology, 5, 18-32.
40. Schmiegelow, F.K.A. & Mönkkönen, M. (2002) Habitat loss and fragmentation in dynamic landscapes: avian perspectives from the boreal forest. Ecological Applications, 12, 375-389.
41. Shao, G. & Wu, J. (2008) On the accuracy of landscape pattern analysis using remote sensing data. Landscape Ecology, 23, 505-511.
42. Simberloff, D., Farr, J.A., Cox, J. & Mehlman, D.W. (1992) Movement corridors: conservation bargains or poor investments? Conservation Biology, 6, 493-504.
43. Smith, A.C., Koper, N., Francis, C.M. & Fahrig, L. (2009) Confronting collinearity: comparing methods for disentangling the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Landscape Ecology, 24, 1271-1285.
44. Tewksbury, J.J., Levey, D.J., Haddad, N.M., Sargent, S., Orrock, J.L., Weldon, A. et al. (2002) Corridors affect plants, animals, and their interactions in fragmented landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99, 12923-12926.
45. Trzcinski, M.K., Fahrig, L. & Merriam, G. (1999) Independent effects of forest cover and fragmentation on the distribution of forest breeding birds. Ecological Applications, 9, 586-593.
46. Turner, M.G. (1989) Landscape ecology - the effect of pattern on process. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 20, 171-197.
47. Turner, M.G. (2005) Landscape ecology in North America: past, present, and future. Ecology, 86, 1967-1974.
48. Vernier, P.R., Schmiegelow, F.K.A., Hannon, S. & Cumming, S.G. (2008) Generalizability of songbird habitat models in boreal mixedwood forests of Alberta. Ecological Modelling, 211, 191-201.
49. Villard, M.A., Trzcinski, M.K. & Merriam, G. (1999) Fragmentation effects on forest birds: relative influence of woodland cover and configuration on landscape occupancy. Conservation Biology, 13, 774-783.
50. Wang, X. & Cumming, S.G. (2009) Modeling configuration dynamics of harvested forest landscapes in the Canadian boreal plains. Landscape Ecology, 24, 229-241.
51. Wang, X. & Cumming, S.G. (2011) Measuring landscape configuration with normalized metrics. Landscape Ecology, 26, 723-736.
52. Wang, X., Hamman, A. & Cumming, S.G. (2012) Measuring boreal forest fragmentation after fire: which configuration metrics are best? Ecological Indicators, 13, 189-195.
53. Weldon, A.J. & Haddad, N.M. (2005) The effects of patch shape on Indigo Buntings: evidence for an ecological trap. Ecology, 86, 1422-1431.
54. Wilcove, D.S., McClellan, C.H. & Dobson, A.P. (1986) Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. In Conservation Biology (ed. M.E. Soul'e ), pp. 237-256. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
55. With, K.A. (2002) The landscape ecology of invasive spread. Conservation Biology, 16, 1192-1203.
56. With, K.A. & King, A.W. (2001) Analysis of landscape sources and sinks: the effect of spatial pattern on avian demography. Biological Conservation, 100, 75-88.
57. Wood, S.N. (2006) Generalized Additive Models: An Introduction with R. Chapman and Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, FL.
58. Zar, J.H. (2010) Biostatistical Analysis, 5th edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.