Ginseng

Performance Functional Foods

Volumn , Issue , 2003, Pages 78-92

  Kitts, D D ^a   Popovich, D G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84904086597     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-1-85573-671-9.50011-2     Document Type: Chapter

References (75)

1. CX LUI., PG XIAO ‘Recent advances on ginseng research in China’ J Ethnopharmacol 36 1992 27-38.
2. CN GILLIS ‘Panax ginseng pharmacology: a nitric oxide link?' Biochem Pharmacol 54 1997 1-8.
3. DV BANTHORPE ‘Terpenoids’ J MANN. Natural Products: Their Chemistry and Biological Significance 1994 Longman Scientific and Technical Harlow, Essex, England 289-359.
4. TSC LI., G MAZZA., AC COTTRELL., L GAO ‘Ginsenosides in Roots and Leaves of American Ginseng’ J Agric Food Chem 44 1996 717-720.
5. BH BYUN., I SHIN., YS YOON., SI KIM., CO JOE ‘Modulation of protein kinase C activity in NIH 3T3 cells by plant glycosides from Panax ginseng’, Planta Med 63 1997 389-392.
6. S ODASHIMA., T OHTA., H KOHNO., T MATSUDA., I KITAGAWA., H ABE., S ARICHI ‘Control of phenotypic expression of cultured B16 melanoma cells by plant glycosides’ Cancer Res 45 1985 2781-2784.
7. WK LIU., SX XU., CT CHE ‘Anti-proliferative effect of ginseng saponins on human prostate cancer cell line’ Life Sci 67 2000 1297-1306.
8. + channels by American ginseng’ Eur J Pharmacol 413 2001 47-54.
9. D ZHANG., T YASUDA., Y YU., P ZHENG., T KAWABATA., Y MA., S OKADA ‘Ginseng extract scavenges hydroxyl radical and protects unsaturated fatty acids from decomposition caused by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation’ Free Radic Biol Med 20 1996 145-150.
10. DD KITTS., AN WIJEWICKREME., C HU ‘Antioxidant properties of a North American ginseng extract’ Mol Cell Biochem 203 2000 1-10.
11. V VUKSAN., JL SIEVENPIPER., J WONG., Z XU., U BELJAN-ZDRAVKOVIC., JT ARNASON., V ASSINEWE., MP STAVRO., AL JENKINS., LA LEITER., T FRANCIS ‘American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) attenuates postprandial glycemia in a time-dependent but not dose-dependent manner in healthy individuals’ Am J Clin Nutr 73 2001 753-758.
12. H NAKATA., Y KIKUCHI., T TODE., J HIRATA., T KITA., K ISHII., K KUDOH., I NAGATA., N SHINOMIYA ‘Inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on tumor growth in nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer cells’ Jpn J Cancer Res 89 1998 733-740.
13. S SHIBATA ‘Chemistry and cancer preventing activities of ginseng saponins and some related triterpenoid compounds’ J Korean Med Sci 2001 16 Suppl, S28-S37.
14. Y TAKINO., T ODANI., H TANIZAWA., T HAYASHI ‘Studies on the absorption, distribution, excretion and metabolism of ginseng saponins. I. Quantitative analysis of ginsenoside Rg1 in rats’ Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 30 1982 2196-2201.
15. H HASEGAWA., JH SUNG., Y BENNO ‘Role of human intestinal Prevotella oris in hydrolyzing ginseng saponins’ Planta Med 63 1997 436-440.
16. BH LEE., SJ LEE., JH HUR., S LEE., JH SUNG., JD HUH., CK MOON., JH HUI ‘In vitro antigenotoxic activity of novel ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria’ Planta Med 64 1998 500-503.
17. VD PETKOV., S BELCHEVA., E KONSTANTINOVA., R KEHAYOV., VV PETKOV., C. HADJIIVANOVA ‘Participation of the serotonergic system in the memory effects of Ginkgo biloba Panax ginseng’, Phytother Res 8 1994 470-477.
18. DO KENNEDYA., AB SCHOLEYA., KA WESNES ‘Dose dependent changes in cognitive performance and mood following acute administration of Ginseng to healthy young volunteers’ Nutr Neurosci 4 2001 295-310.
19. F SCAGLIONE., F FERRARA., S DUGNANI., M FALCHI., G SANTORO., F FRASCHINI ‘Immunomodulatory effects of two extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer’ Drugs Exp Clin Res 16 1990 537-542.
20. F SCAGLIONE., G CATTANEO., M ALESSANDRIA., R COGO ‘Efficacy and safety of the standardised Ginseng extract G115 for potentiating vaccination against the influenza syndrome and protection against the common cold’ Drugs Exp Clin Res 22 1996 65-72.
21. YK CHO., H SUNG., HJ LEE., CH JOO., GJ CHO ‘Long-term intake of Korean red ginseng in HIV-1-infected patients: development of resistance mutation to zidovudine is delayed’ Int Immunopharmacol 1 2001 1295-1305.
22. Y SONODA., T KASAHARA., N MUKAIDA., N SHIMIZU., M TOMODA., T TAKEDA ‘Stimulation of interleukin-8 production by acidic polysaccharides from the root of Panax ginseng’ Immunopharmacology 38 1998 287-294.
23. YK KIM., Q GUO., L PACKER ‘Free radical scavenging activity of red ginseng aqueous extracts’ Toxicology 172 2002 149-156.
24. C HU., DD KITTS ‘Free radical scavenging capacity as related to antioxi-dant activity and ginsenoside composition of Asian and North American ginseng extracts’ JAOCS 78 2001 249-255.
25. J VOCES., AI ALVAREZ., L VILA., A FERRANDO., DO CABRAL., JG PRIETO ‘Effects of administration of the standardized Panax ginseng extract G115 on hepatic antioxidant function after exhaustive exercise’ Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 123 1999 175-184.
26. S RIMAR., M LEE-MENGEL., CN GILLIS ‘Pulmonary protective and vasodilator effects of a standardized Panax ginseng preparation following artificial gastric digestion’ Pulm Pharmacol 9 1996 205-209.
27. HJ HAN., SH PARK., HJ KOH., SY NAH., DH SHIN., HS CHOI ‘Protopanaxatriol ginsenosides inhibit glucose uptake in primary cultured rabbit renal proximal tubular cells by arachidonic acid release’ Kidney Blood Press Res 22 1999 114-120.
28. SY KANG., VB SCHINI-KERTH., ND KIM ‘Ginsenosides of the protopanaxatriol group cause endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat aorta’ Life Sci 56 1995 1577-1586.
29. SW HAN., H KIM ‘Ginsenosides stimulate endogenous production of nitric oxide in rat kidney’ Int J Biochem Cell Biol 28 1996 573-580.
30. JA PARK., KY LEE., YJ OH., KW KIM., SK LEE ‘Activation of caspase-3 protease via a Bcl-2-insensitive pathway during the process of ginsenoside Rh2-induced apoptosis’ Cancer Lett 121 1997 73-81.
31. kip1' Cancer Lett 110 1996 193-200.
32. L-independent pathway’ Life Sci 65 1999 L33-L40.
33. M OH., YH CHOI., S CHOI., H CHUNG., K KIM., SI KIM., DK KIM., ND KIM ‘Anti-proliferating effects of ginsenoside Rh2 on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells’ Int J Oncol 14 1999 869-875.
34. JH ZHU., T TAKESHITA., I KITAGAWA., K MORIMOTO ‘Suppression of the formation of sister chromatid exchanges by low concentrations of ginsenoside Rh2 in human blood lymphocytes’ Cancer Res 55 1995 1221-1223.
35. C WAKABAYASHI., K MURAKAMI., H HASEGAWA., J MURATA., I SAIKI ‘An intestinal bacterial metabolite of ginseng protopanaxadiol saponins has the ability to induce apoptosis in tumor cells’ Biochem Biophys Res Commun 246 1998 725-730.
36. SJ LEE., WG KO., JH KIM., JH SUNG., CK MOON., BH LEE ‘Induction of apoptosis by a novel intestinal metabolite of ginseng saponin via cytochrome c-mediated activation of caspase-3 protease’ Biochem Pharmacol 60 2000 677-685.
37. H HASEGAWA., JH SUNG., S MATSUMIYA., M UCHIYAMA ‘Main ginseng saponin metabolites formed by intestinal bacteria’ Planta Med 62 1996 453-457.
38. YN LEE., HY LEE., YM LEE., HY CHUNG., SI KIM., SK LEE., BC PARK., KW KIM ‘Involvement of glucocorticoid receptor in the induction of differentiation by ginsenosides in F9 teratocarcinoma cells’ J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 67 1998 105-111.
39. YS KIM., DS KIM., SI KIM ‘Ginsenoside Rh2 and Rh3 induce differentiation of HL-60 cells into granulocytes: modulation of protein kinase C isoforms during differentiation by ginsenoside Rh2' Int J Biochem Cell Biol 30 1998 327-338.
40. T OTA., K FUJIKAWA-YAMAMOTO., ZP ZONG., M YAMAZAKI., S ODASHIMA., I KITAGAWA., H ABE., S ARICHI ‘Plant-glycoside modulation of cell surface related to control of differentiation in cultured B16 melanoma cells’ Cancer Res 47 1987 3863-3867.
41. WAF1/CIP1 associated with the cyclin A-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complex is a prerequisite for apoptosis in SK-HEP-1 cells’ J Biol Chem 275 2000 30256-30263.
42. T OTA., M MAEDA., S ODASHIMA., J NINOMIYA-TSUJI., M TATSUKA ‘G1 phase-specific suppression of the Cdk2 activity by ginsenoside Rh2 in cultured murine cells’ Life Sci 60 1997 L39-L44.
43. SE KIM., YH LEE., JH PARK., SK LEE ‘Ginsenoside-Rs4, a new type of ginseng saponin concurrently induces apoptosis and selectively elevates protein levels of p53 and p21WAF1 in human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells’ Eur J Cancer 35 1999 507-511.
44. AS ATTELE., JA WU., CS YUAN ‘Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions’ Biochem Pharmacol 58 1999 1685-1693.
45. T OTA., M MAEDA., S ODASHIMA ‘Mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rh2: uptake and metabolism of ginsenoside Rh2 by cultured B16 melanoma cells’ J Pharm Sci 80 1991 1141-1146.
46. YJ LEE., E CHUNG., KY LEE., YH LEE., B HUH., SK LEE ‘Ginsenoside-Rg1, one of the major active molecules from Panax ginseng, is a functional ligand of glu-cocorticoid receptor’ Mol Cell Endocrinol 133 1997 135-140.
47. E CHUNG., KY LEE., YJ LEE., YH LEE., SK LEE ‘Ginsenoside Rg1 down-regulates glucocorticoid receptor and displays synergistic effects with cAMP’ Steroids 63 1998 421-424.
48. Y SONODA., T KASAHARA., N MUKAIDA., N SHIMIZU., M TOMODA., T TAKEDA ‘Stimulation of interleukin-8 production by acidic polysaccharides from the root of Panax ginseng’, Immunopharmacology 38 1998 287-294.
49. KH KIM., YS LEE., IS JUNG., SY PARK., HY CHUNG., IR LEE., YS YUN ‘Acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, ginsan, induces Th1 cell and macrophage cytokines and generates LAK cells in synergy with rIL-2' Planta Med 64 1998 110-115.
50. YS LEE., IS CHUNG., IR LEE., KH KIM., WS HONG., YS YUN ‘Activation of multiple effector pathways of immune system by the antineoplastic immunostimulator acidic polysaccharide ginsan isolated from Panax ginseng’, Anticancer Res 17 1997 323-331.
51. C KONNO., K SUGIYAMA., M KANO., M TAKAHASHI., H HIKINO ‘Isolation and hypoglycaemic activity of panaxans A, B, C, D and E, glycans of Panax ginseng roots’ Planta Med 50 1984 434-436.
52. C KONNO., M MURAKAMI., Y OSHIMA., H HIKINO ‘Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of panaxans Q, R, S, T and U, glycans of Panax ginseng roots’ J Ethnopharmacol 14 1985 69-74.
53. Y OSHIMA., K SATO., H HIKINO ‘Isolation and hypoglycemic activity of quin-quefolans A, B, and C, glycans of Panax quinquefolium roots’ J Nat Prod 50 1987 188-190.
54. J SOHN., CH LEE., DJ CHUNG., SH PARK., I KIM., WI HWANG ‘Effect of petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng roots on proliferation and cell cycle progression of human renal cell carcinoma cells’ Exp Mol Med 30 1998 47-51.
55. HJ PARK., MH RHEE., KM PARK., KY NAM., KH PARK ‘Effect of non-saponin fraction from Panax ginseng on cGMP and thromboxane A2 in human platelet aggregation’ J Ethnopharmacol 49 1995 157-162.
56. DD KITTS., C HU ‘Efficacy and safety of ginseng’ Public Health Nutr 3 2000 473-485.
57. BK VOGLER., MH PITTLER., E ERNST ‘The efficacy of ginseng. A systematic review of randomised clinical trials’ Eur J Clin Pharmacol 55 1999 567-575.
58. FG HESS., RA PARENT., KR STEVENS., GE COX., PJ BECCI ‘Effects of subchronic feeding of ginseng extract G115 in beagle dogs’ Food Chem Toxicol 21 1983 95-97.
59. II BREKHMAN., IV DARDYMOV ‘New substances of plant origin which increase nonspecific resistance’ Annu Rev Pharmacol 9 1969 419-430.
60. RK SIEGEL ‘Ginseng abuse syndrome. Problems with the panacea’ JAMA 241 1979 1614-1615.
61. JH LUI., EJ STABA ‘The Ginsenosides of various ginseng plants and selected products’ J Nat Prod 43 1980 340-346.
62. S HIAI., H OURA., Y ODAKA., T NAKAJIMA ‘A colorimetric estimation of Ginseng saponins’ Planta Med 28 1975 363-369.
63. S HIAI., H OURA., H HAMANAKA., Y ODAKA ‘A color reaction of panaxadiol with vanillin and sulfuric acid’ Planta Med 28 1975 131-138.
64. B MEIER., A MEIER-BRATSCHI., K DALLENBACH-TOLKE., O STICHER ‘Quantitative analysis of ginseng by HPLC’ HM CHANG., HW YEUNG. WW TSO A KOO Advances in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research 1985 World Scientific Publ. Co. Singapore 471-484.
65. TT YIP., CN LAU., PP BUT., YC KONG ‘Quantitative analysis of ginsenosides in fresh Panax ginseng’ Am J Chin Med 13 1985 77-88.
66. H YAMAGUCHI., R KASAI., H MATSUURA., O TANAKA., T FUWA ‘High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of acidic saponins of ginseng and related plants’ Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 36 1988 3468-3473.
67. X WANG., T SAKUMA., E ASAFU-ADJAYE., GK SHIU ‘Determination of ginseno-sides in plant extracts from Panax ginseng Panax quinquefolius L. by LC/MS/MS’ Anal Chem 71 1999 1579-1584.
68. W LI., C GU., H ZHANG., DV AWANG., JF FITZLOFF., HH FONG., RB VAN BREEMEN ‘Use of high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to distinguish Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Asian ginseng) and Panax quinquefolius L. (North American ginseng)' Anal Chem 72 2000 5417-5422.
69. S SHIBATA., O TANAKA., J SHOJI., H SAITO ‘Chemistry and Pharmacology of Panax’ H WAGNER. Economic and Medicinal Plant research 1985 Academic Press London 217-284 Orlando, FLA.
70. WY KIM., JM KIM., SB HAN., SK LEE., ND KIM., MK PARK., CK KIM., JH PARK ‘Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity’ J Nat Prod 63 2000 1702-1704.
71. W TANG., G EISENBRAN ‘Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer’ W TANG., G EISENBRAND Chinese drugs of plant origin: chemistry, pharmacology, and use in traditional and modern medicine 1992 Springer-Verlag Berlin; New York 710-737.
72. J CUI., M GARLE., P ENEROTH., I BJORKHEM ‘What do commercial ginseng preparations contain?' Lancet 344 1994 134.
73. IH PARK., LZ PIAO., SW KWON., YJ LEE., SY CHO., MK PARK., JH PARK ‘Cytotoxic dammarane glycosides from processed ginseng’ Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 50 2002 538-540.
74. WY KIM., JM KIM., SB HAN., SK LEE., ND KIM., MK PARK., CK KIM., JH PARK ‘Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances biological activity’ J Nat Prod 63 2000 1702-1704.
75. Zhou DL, Kitts DD (2002), ‘Peripheral blood mononuclear cell production in TNF-alpha in response to North American ginseng stimulation’, Can J Physiol Pharm (in press).