Actinomycosis: Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management

Infection and Drug Resistance

Volumn 7, Issue , 2014, Pages 183-197

  Valour, Florent ^a,b,c   Sénéchal, Agathe ^a,b   Dupieux, Céline ^a,b,c   Karsenty, Judith ^a,b   Lustig, Sébastien ^a,b   Breton, Pierre ^a,b   Gleizal, Arnaud ^a,b   Boussel, Loïc ^a,b,d   Laurent, Frédéric ^a,b,c   Braun, Evelyne ^a   Chidiac, Christian ^a,b,c   Ader, Florence ^a,b,c   Ferry, Tristan ^a,b,c  

^a HOSPICES CIVILS DE LYON   (France)

^b UNIVERSITÉ LYON 1   (France)

^c CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFECTIOLOGIE   (France)

^d UNIVERSITÉ DE LYON   (France)

Author keywords

Actinomyces spp.; Lumpy jaw syndrome; Osteomyelitis; Sulfur granule

Indexed keywords

AMINOGLYCOSIDE; AMOXICILLIN; CEFALEXIN; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; CLINDAMYCIN; CLOXACILLIN; DOXYCYCLINE; IMIPENEM; MACROLIDE; MEROPENEM; METRONIDAZOLE; MOXIFLOXACIN; OXACILLIN; PENICILLIN G; PIPERACILLIN PLUS TAZOBACTAM;

ACTINOMYCES; ACTINOMYCES GERENCSERIAE; ACTINOMYCES ISRAELII; ACTINOMYCES MEYERI; ACTINOMYCES NAESLUNDII; ACTINOMYCES NEUII; ACTINOMYCES ODONTOLYTICUS; ACTINOMYCES RADINGAE; ACTINOMYCES TURICENSIS; ACTINOMYCES VISCOSUS; ACTINOMYCOSIS; ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BONE AND JOINT ACTINOMYCOSIS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ACTINOMYCOSIS; CLINICAL FEATURE; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG SENSITIVITY; GASTROINTESTINAL ACTINOMYCOSIS; GRAM STAINING; HUMAN; MOUTH HYGIENE; NONHUMAN; PATHOLOGY; PATIENT CARE; RESPIRATORY TRACT ACTINOMYCOSIS; REVIEW; RISK REDUCTION; SKIN ACTINOMYCOSIS; TREATMENT DURATION; URINARY TRACT ACTINOMYCOSIS;

EID: 84904066979     PISSN: None     EISSN: 11786973     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S39601     Document Type: Review

References (86)

1. Wong VK, Turmezei TD, Weston VC. Actinomycosis. BMJ. 2011;343:d6099.
2. Smego RA Jr, Foglia G. Actinomycosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26(6): 1255-1261.
3. Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010.
4. Schaal K P, Lee HJ. Actinomycete infections in humans - a review. Gene. 1992;115(1-2):201-211.
5. Pulverer G, Schütt-Gerowitt H, Schaal KP. Human cervicofacial actinomycoses: microbiological data for 1997 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(4):490-497.
6. Eng RH, Corrado ML, Cleri D, Cherubin C, Goldstein EJ. Infections caused by Actinomyces viscosus. Am J Clin Pathol. 1981;75(1):113-116.
7. Fazili T, Blair D, Riddell S, Kiska D, Nagra S. Actinomyces meyeri infection: case report and review of the literature. J Infect. 2012;65(4):357-361.
8. Coleman RM, Georg LK, Rozzell AR. Actinomyces naeslundii as an agent of human actinomycosis. Appl Microbiol. 1969;18(3): 420-426.
9. Cone LA, Leung MM, Hirschberg J. Actinomyces odontolyticus bacteremia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9(12):1629-1632.
10. Sabbe LJ, Van De Merwe D, Schouls L, Bergmans A, Vaneechoutte M, Vandamme P. Clinical spectrum of infections due to the newly described Actinomyces species A. turicensis, A. radingae, and A. europaeus. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37(1):8-13.
11. Clarridge JE 3 rd, Zhang Q. Genotypic diversity of clinical Actinomyces species: phenotype, source, and disease correlation among genospecies. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(9):3442-3448.
12. Felz MW, Smith MR. Disseminated actinomycosis: multisystem mimicry in primary care. South Med J. 2003;96(3):294-299.
13. Jordan H V, Kelly DM, Heeley JD. Enhancement of experimental actinomycosis in mice by Eikenella corrodens. Infect Immun. 1984;46(2):367-371.
14. Glahn M. Cervico-facial actinomycosis; etiology and diagnosis. Acta Chir Scand. 1954;108(2-3):183-192.
15. Holm P. Studies on the aetiology of human actinomycosis. II. Do the other microbes of actinomycosis possess virulence? Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1951;28(4):391-406.
16. Bennhoff DF. Actinomycosis: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations and a review of 32 cases. Laryngoscope. 1984;94(9):1198-1217.
17. Lewis R, McKenzie D, Bagg J, Dickie A. Experience with a novel selective medium for isolation of Actinomyces spp. from medical and dental specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33(6):1613-1616.
18. Ng LS, Sim JH, Eng LC, Menon S, Tan T Y. Comparison of phenotypic methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-fight mass spectrometry for the identifcation of aero-tolerant Actinomyces spp. isolated from soft-tissue infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31(8):1749-1752.
19. Miller PH, Wiggs LS, Miller JM. Evaluation of API An-IDENT and RapID ANA II systems for identifcation of Actinomyces species from clinical specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1995;33(2):329-330.
20. Garner O, Mochon A, Branda J, et al. Multi-centre evaluation of mass spectrometric identifcation of anaerobic bacteria using the VITEK® MS system. Clin Microbiol Infect. Epub July 4, 2013.
21. Hall V, Talbot PR, Stubbs SL, Duerden BI. Identification of clinical isolates of Actinomyces species by amplifed 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2001;39(10):3555-3562.
22. Xia T, Baumgartner JC. Occurrence of Actinomyces in infections of endodontic origin. J Endod. 2003;29(9):549-552.
23. Hall V. Actinomyces - gathering evidence of human colonization and infection. Anaerobe. 2008;14:1-7.
24. Brown JR. Human actinomycosis. A study of 1 81 subjects. Hum Pathol. 1973;4(3):319-330.
25. Mabeza G F, Macfarlane J. Pulmonary actinomycosis. Eur Respir J. 2003;21(3):545-551.
26. Pine L. Recent developments on the nature of the anaerobic actinomycetes. Ann Soc Belg Med Trop (1920). 1963;43:247-257.
27. Hotchi M, Schwarz J. Characterization of actinomycotic granules by architecture and staining methods. Arch Pathol. 1972;93(5):392-400.
28. Heffner JE. Pleuropulmonary manifestations of actinomycosis and noardiosis. Semin Respir Infect. 1988;3:352-361.
29. Smith AJ, Hall V, Thakker B, Gemmell CG. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Actinomyces species with 12 antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56(2):407-409.
30. Bates M, Cruickshank G. Thoracic actinomycosis. Thorax. 1957; 12(2):99-124.
31. Apothéloz C, Regamey C. Disseminated infection due to Actinomyces meyeri: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(4):621-625.
32. Chaudhry SI, Greenspan JS. Actinomycosis in HIV infection: a review of a rare complication. Int J STD AIDS. 2000;11(6):349-355.
33. Cohen RD, Bowie WR, Enns R, Flint J, Fitzgerald JM. Pulmonary actinomycosis complicating infiximab therapy for Crohn's disease. Thorax. 2007;62(11):1013-1014.
34. Cheon JE, Im JG, Kim MY, Lee JS, Choi GM, Yeon KM. Thoracic actinomycosis: CT fndings. Radiology. 1998;209(1):229-233.
35. Han JY, Lee KN, Lee JK, et al. An overview of thoracic actinomycosis: CT features. Insights Imaging. 2013;4(2):245-252.
36. Bartlett AH, Rivera AL, Krishnamurthy R, Baker CJ. Thoracic actinomycosis in children: case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(2):165-169.
37. Chouabe S, Perdu D, Deslée G, Milosevic D, Marque E, Lebargy F. Endobronchial actinomycosis associated with foreign body: four cases and a review of the literature. Chest. 2002;121(6):2069-2072.
38. Maki K, Shinagawa N, Nasuhara Y, et al. Endobronchial actinomycosis associated with a foreign body - successful short-term treatment with antibiotics -. Intern Med. 2010;49(13):1293-1296.
39. Yoshihama K, Kato Y, Baba Y. Vocal cord actinomycosis mimicking a laryngeal tumor. Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2013;2013:361986.
40. Ferry T, Buiret G, Pignat JC, Chidiac C. Laryngeal actinomycosis mimicking relapse of laryngeal carcinoma in a 67-year-old man. BMJ Case Rep. 2012;2012.
41. Kim SR, Jung LY, Oh IJ, et al. Pulmonary actinomycosis during the frst decade of 21st century: cases of 94 patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13(1):216.
42. Liaudet L, Erard P, Kaeser P. Cutaneous and muscular abscesses secondary to Actinomyces meyeri pneumonia. Clin infect Dis. 1996;22:185-186.
43. Kim TS, Han J, Koh WJ, et al. Thoracic actinomycosis: CT features with histopathologic correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006;186(1): 225-231.
44. Pérez-Castrillón J, Gonzalez-Castâneda C, del Campo-Matias F, Bellido-Casado J, Diaz G. Empyema necessitatis due to Actinomyces odontolyticus. Chest. 1996;111(4):1144.
45. Nair PN, Brundin M, Sundqvist G, Sjögren U. Building bioflms in vital host tissues: a survival strategy of Actinomyces radi-cidentis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106(4):595-603.
46. Colmegna I, Rodriguez-Barradas M, Rauch R, Clarridge J, Young EJ. Disseminated Actinomyces meyeri infection resembling lung cancer with brain metastases. Am J Med Sci. 2003;326(3):152-155.
47. Song JU, Park HY, Jeon K, Um SW, Kwon OJ, Koh WJ. Treatment of thoracic actinomycosis: a retrospective analysis of 40 patients. Ann Thorac Med. 2010;5(2):80-85.
48. Kolditz M, Bickhardt J, Matthiessen W, Holotiuk O, Höffken G, Koschel D. Medical management of pulmonary actinomycosis: data from 49 consecutive cases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;63(4):839-841.
49. Oostman O, Smego RA. Cervicofacial actinomycosis diagnosis and management. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2005;7(3):170-174.
50. Saibene AM, Di Pasquale D, Pipolo C, Felisati G. Actinomycosis mimicking sinonasal malignant disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013.
51. Holm P. Studies on the aetiology of human actinomycosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Suppl. 1951;91:172-173.
52. Weese WC, Smith IM. A study of 57 cases of actinomycosis over a 36-year period. A diagnostic 'failure' with good prognosis after treatment. Arch Intern Med. 1975;135(12):1562-1568.
53. Naik NH, Russo TA. Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: the role of actinomyces. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(11):1729-1732.
54. Gallay L, Bodard AG, Chidiac C, Ferry T. Bilateral bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with left chronic infection in an 82-year-old woman. BMJ Case Rep. 2013;2013.
55. Schaal K P, Beaman BL. Clinical signifcance of actinomycetes. In: Goodfellow M, Mordarski M, Williams ST, editors. The Biology of the Actinomycetes. New York: Academic Press; 1983:389.
56. Lerner PI. The lumpy jaw. Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1988;2(1):203-220.
57. Atespare A, Keskin G, Erçin C, Keskin S, Camcioglu A. Actinomycosis of the tongue: a diagnostic dilemma. J Laryngol Otol. 2006;120(8):681-683.
58. Kalioras V, Thanos L, Mylona S, Pomoni M, Batakis N. Scalp actinomycosis mimicking soft tissue mass. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006;35(2):117-118.
59. Kullar PJ, Yates P. Actinomycosis of the middle ear. J Laryngol Otol. 2013;127(7):712-715.
60. Sánchez Legaza E, Cercera Oliver C, Miranda Caravallo JI. Actinomyco-sis of the paranasal sinuses. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2013;64(4):310-311. English, Spanish.
61. Vorasubin N, Wu AW, Day C, Suh JD. Invasive sinonasal actinomycosis: case report and literature review. Laryngoscope. 2013; 123(2):334-338.
62. Sasaki Y, Kaneda T, Uyeda J W, et al. Actinomycosis in the mandible: CT and MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(2): 390-394.
63. Schäfer P, Fink B, Sandow D, Margull A, Berger I, Frommelt L. Prolonged bacterial culture to identify late periprosthetic joint infection: a promising strategy. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;1;47(11):1403-1409.
64. Trampuz A, Piper KE, Jacobson MJ, et al. Sonication of removed hip and knee prostheses for diagnosis of infection. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(7):654-663.
65. Landersdorfer CB, Bulitta JB, Kinzig M, Holzgrabe U, Sörgel F. Penetration of antibacterials into bone: pharmacokinetic, pharma-codynamic and bioanalytical considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48(2):89-124.
66. Tanaka-Bandoh K, Watanabe K, Kato N, Ueno K. Susceptibilities of Actinomyces species and Propionibacterium propionicus to antimicrobial agents. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25 Suppl 2:S262-S263.
67. Moghimi M, Salentijn E, Debets-Ossenkop Y, Karagozoglu K, Forouzanfar T. Treatment of cervicofacial actinomycosis: a report of 19 cases and review of literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(4):e627-e632.
68. Sudhakar SS, Ross JJ. Short-term treatment of actinomycosis: two cases and a review. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38(3):444-447.
69. Brown ML, Drinkwater CJ. Hematogenous infection of total hip arthro-plasty with Actinomyces following a noninvasive dental procedure. Orthopedics. 2012;35(7):e1086-e1089.
70. Zaman R, Abbas M, Burd E. Late prosthetic hip joint infection with Actinomyces israelii in an intravenous drug user: case report and literature review. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40(11):4391-4392.
71. Lew D P, Waldvogel FA. Osteomyelitis. Lancet. 2004;364(9431): 369-379.
72. Garner J P, Macdonald M, Kumar PK. Abdominal actinomycosis. Int J Surg. 2007;5(6):441-448.
73. Sung HY, Lee IS, Kim SI, et al. Clinical features of abdominal actinomycosis: a 1 5-year experience of a single institute. J Korean Med Sci. 2011;26(7):932-937.
74. Choi MH, Hong DG, Seong WJ, Lee YS, Park IS. Pelvic actinomycosis confrmed after surgery: single center experience. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010;281(4):651-656.
75. Bae JH, Song R, Lee A, Park JS, Kim MR. Computed tomography for the preoperative diagnosis of pelvic actinomycosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011;37(4):300-304.
76. Al-Kadhi S, Venkiteswaran K P, Al-Ansari A, Shamsudini A, Al-Bozom I, Kiliyanni AS. Primary vesical actinomycosis: a case report and literature review. Int J Urol. 2007;14(10):969-971.
77. Westhoff C. IUDs and colonization or infection with Actinomyces. Contraception. 2007;75(Suppl 6):S48-S50.
78. Bonacho I, Pita S, Gómez-Besteiro MI. The importance of the removal of the intrauterine device in genital colonization by actinomyces. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2001;52(2):119-123.
79. Abdalla J, Myers J, Moorman J. Actinomycotic infection of the oesophagus. J Infect. 2005;51(2):E39-E43.
80. Joshi V, Koulaouzidis A, McGoldrick S, Tighe M, Tan C. Actinomycotic liver abscess: a rare complication of colonic diverticular disease. Ann Hepatol. 2010;9(1):96-98.
81. Acevedo F, Baudrand R, Letelier LM, Gaete P. Actinomycosis: a great pretender. Case reports of unusual presentations and a review of the literature. Int J Infect Dis. 2008;12(4):358-362.
82. Roth J, Ram Z. Intracranial infections caused by Actinomyces species. World Neurosurg. 2010;74(2-3):261-262.
83. Haggerty CJ, Tender GC. Actinomycotic brain abscess and subdural empyema of odontogenic origin: case report and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(1):e210-e213.
84. Na KY, Jang JH, Sung JY, Kim Y W, Park YK. Actinomycotic brain abscess developed 10 years after head trauma. Korean J Pathol. 2013;47(1):82-85.
85. Khandelwal R, Jain I, Punia S, et al. Primary actinomycosis of the thigh - a rare soft tissue infection with review of literature. JRSM Short Rep. 2012;3(4):24.
86. Ozaras R, Mert A. Clinical image: primary actinomycosis of the hand. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(2):419.