메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 53, Issue 6, 2014, Pages 1618-1635

Evaluation of gamma raindrop size distribution assumption through comparison of rain rates of measured and radar-equivalent gamma DSD

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DROPS; NASA; POLARIZATION; RADAR; RADAR MEASUREMENT; REFLECTION; SIZE DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 84903902593     PISSN: 15588424     EISSN: 15588432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0150.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (33)

References (47)
  • 1
    • 84887543134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of different fittings of experimental DSD
    • doi:10.1063/1.4825850
    • Adirosi, E., L. Baldini, F. Lombardo, F. Russo, and F. Napolitano, 2013: Comparison of different fittings of experimental DSD. AIP Conf. Proc., 1558, 1669, doi:10.1063/1.4825850.
    • (2013) AIP Conf. Proc. , vol.1558 , pp. 1669
    • Adirosi, E.1    Baldini, L.2    Lombardo, F.3    Russo, F.4    Napolitano, F.5
  • 2
    • 0016622089 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of electromagnetic waves by arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies
    • doi:10.1364/AO.14.002864
    • Barber, P.-W., and C. Yen, 1975: Scattering of electromagnetic waves by arbitrarily shaped dielectric bodies. Appl. Opt., 14, 2864-2872, doi:10.1364/AO.14.002864.
    • (1975) Appl. Opt. , vol.14 , pp. 2864-2872
    • Barber, P.-W.1    Yen, C.2
  • 3
    • 0000646755 scopus 로고
    • Anew model for the equilibrium shape of raindrops
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1509:ANMFTE>2.0.CO;2
    • Beard, K. V., and C. Chuang, 1987:Anew model for the equilibrium shape of raindrops. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 1509-1524, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<1509:ANMFTE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.44 , pp. 1509-1524
    • Beard, K.V.1    Chuang, C.2
  • 4
    • 77955774590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new understanding of raindrop shape
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.02.001
    • Beard, K. V., V. N. Bringi, and M. Thurai, 2010: A new understanding of raindrop shape. Atmos. Res., 97, 396-415, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.02.001.
    • (2010) Atmos. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 396-415
    • Beard, K.V.1    Bringi, V.N.2    Thurai, M.3
  • 5
    • 84977285496 scopus 로고
    • The size distribution of raindrops
    • doi:10.1002/qj.49707632704
    • Best, A. C., 1950: The size distribution of raindrops. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 76, 16-36, doi:10.1002/qj.49707632704.
    • (1950) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 16-36
    • Best, A.C.1
  • 6
    • 0036602511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0674:EIREWA>2.0.CO;2
    • Brandes, E. A.,G. Zhang, and L. Vivekanandan, 2002: Experiments in rainfall estimation with a polarimetric radar in a subtropical environment. J. Appl. Meteor., 41, 674-685, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2002)041<0674:EIREWA<2.0.CO;2.
    • (2002) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.41 , pp. 674-685
    • Brandes, E.A.1    Zhang, G.2    Vivekanandan, L.3
  • 7
    • 0003775375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar Principles and Applications
    • Cambridge University Press
    • Bringi, V. N., and V. Chandrasekar, 2001: Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar Principles and Applications. Cambridge University Press, 648 pp.
    • (2001) , pp. 648
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Chandrasekar, V.2
  • 8
    • 0141969688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:RSDIDC>2.0.CO;2
    • Bringi, V. N., and V. Chandrasekar, J. Hubbert, E. Gorgucci, W. L. Randeu, and M. Schoenhuber, 2003: Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 354-365, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:RSDIDC>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 354-365
    • Bringi, V.N.1    Chandrasekar, V.2    Hubbert, J.3    Gorgucci, E.4    Randeu, W.L.5    Schoenhuber, M.6
  • 9
    • 66149143578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Errors in estimating raindrop size distribution parameters employing disdrometer and simulated raindrop spectra
    • doi:10.1175/2008JAMC2026.1
    • Cao, Q., and G. Zhang, 2009: Errors in estimating raindrop size distribution parameters employing disdrometer and simulated raindrop spectra. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 48, 406-425, doi:10.1175/2008JAMC2026.1.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.48 , pp. 406-425
    • Cao, Q.1    Zhang, G.2
  • 10
    • 57649170774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of video disdrometer and polarimetric radar data to characterize rain microphysics in Oklahoma
    • doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1732.1
    • Cao, Q., G. Zhang, E. A. Brandes, T. Schuur, A. Ryzhkov, and K. Ikeda, 2008:Analysis of video disdrometer and polarimetric radar data to characterize rain microphysics in Oklahoma. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 2238-2255, doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1732.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.47 , pp. 2238-2255
    • Cao, Q.1    Zhang, G.2    Brandes, E.A.3    Schuur, T.4    Ryzhkov, A.5    Ikeda, K.6
  • 11
    • 33645943385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the moments and parameters of a gamma DSD to infer precipitation properties: A convective stratiform discrimination algorithm
    • doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.07.003
    • Caracciolo, C., F. Prodi, A. Battaglia, and F. Porcu', 2006: Analysis of the moments and parameters of a gamma DSD to infer precipitation properties: A convective stratiform discrimination algorithm. Atmos. Res., 80, 165-186, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2005.07.003.
    • (2006) Atmos. Res. , vol.80 , pp. 165-186
    • Caracciolo, C.1    Prodi, F.2    Battaglia, A.3    Porcu', F.4
  • 12
    • 0000851958 scopus 로고
    • Simulation of radar reflectivity and surfacemeasurements of rainfall
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1987)004<0464: SORRAS>2.0.CO;2
    • Chandrasekar, V., and V. N. Bringi, 1987: Simulation of radar reflectivity and surfacemeasurements of rainfall. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 464-478, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1987)004<0464: SORRAS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1987) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.4 , pp. 464-478
    • Chandrasekar, V.1    Bringi, V.N.2
  • 13
    • 0001571646 scopus 로고
    • Sur la sphére vide
    • Delaunay, D., 1934: Sur la sphére vide. Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 7, 793-800.
    • (1934) Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR , vol.7 , pp. 793-800
    • Delaunay, D.1
  • 14
    • 0002344794 scopus 로고
    • Bootstrap methods: Another look at jackknife
    • doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552
    • Efron, B., 1979: Bootstrap methods: Another look at jackknife. Ann. Stat., 7, 1-26, doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552.
    • (1979) Ann. Stat. , vol.7 , pp. 1-26
    • Efron, B.1
  • 15
    • 0022823249 scopus 로고
    • The lognormal fit to raindrop spectra from frontal convective clouds in Israel
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1346: TLFTRS>2.0.CO;2
    • Feingold, G., and Z. Levin, 1986: The lognormal fit to raindrop spectra from frontal convective clouds in Israel. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 25, 1346-1363, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1986)025<1346: TLFTRS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1986) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.25 , pp. 1346-1363
    • Feingold, G.1    Levin, Z.2
  • 16
    • 0034298539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement of mean raindrop shape from polarimetric radar observations
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3406:MOMRSF>2.0.CO;2
    • Gorgucci, E., G. Scarchilli, V. Chandrasekar, and V. N. Bringi, 2000: Measurement of mean raindrop shape from polarimetric radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 3406-3413, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<3406:MOMRSF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 3406-3413
    • Gorgucci, E.1    Scarchilli, G.2    Chandrasekar, V.3    Bringi, V.N.4
  • 17
    • 45849138229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical retrievals from dual-polarization radar measurements at X band
    • doi:10.1175/2007JTECHA971.1
    • Gorgucci, E., V. Chandrasekar, and L. Baldini, 2008: Microphysical retrievals from dual-polarization radar measurements at X band. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 729-741, doi:10.1175/2007JTECHA971.1.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.25 , pp. 729-741
    • Gorgucci, E.1    Chandrasekar, V.2    Baldini, L.3
  • 18
    • 0001440602 scopus 로고
    • The effect of wind shear on falling precipitation
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1955)012<0339:TEOWSO>2.0.CO;2
    • Gunn, K. L. S., and J. S.Marshall, 1955: The effect of wind shear on falling precipitation. J. Meteor., 12, 339-349, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1955)012<0339:TEOWSO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1955) J. Meteor. , vol.12 , pp. 339-349
    • Gunn, K.L.S.1    Marshall, J.S.2
  • 19
    • 0001259044 scopus 로고
    • The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1949)006<0243:TTVOFF>2.0.CO;2
    • Gunn, R., and G. D. Kinzer, 1949: The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air. J. Meteor., 6, 243-248, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1949)006<0243:TTVOFF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1949) J. Meteor. , vol.6 , pp. 243-248
    • Gunn, R.1    Kinzer, G.D.2
  • 20
    • 0000310360 scopus 로고
    • L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics
    • Hosking, J. R. M., 1990: L-moments: Analysis and estimation of distributions using linear combinations of order statistics. J. Roy. Stat. Soc., 52B, 105-124.
    • (1990) J. Roy. Stat. Soc. , vol.52 B , pp. 105-124
    • Hosking, J.R.M.1
  • 22
    • 84897632977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase space parameterization of rain: The inadequacy of gamma distribution
    • doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-050.1
    • Ignaccolo, M., and C. De Michele, 2014: Phase space parameterization of rain: The inadequacy of gamma distribution. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 53, 548-562, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-13-050.1.
    • (2014) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.53 , pp. 548-562
    • Ignaccolo, M.1    De Michele, C.2
  • 23
    • 0001203205 scopus 로고
    • Shapes of raindrop size distribution
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1978)017<1054:SORSD>2.0.CO;2
    • Joss, J., and E. G. Gori, 1978: Shapes of raindrop size distribution. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1054-1061, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1978)017<1054:SORSD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1978) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.17 , pp. 1054-1061
    • Joss, J.1    Gori, E.G.2
  • 24
    • 65249127616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-moment estimators as applied to gamma drop size distributions
    • doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1936.1
    • Kliche, D. V., P. L. Smith, and R. W. Johnson, 2008: L-moment estimators as applied to gamma drop size distributions. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 47, 3117-3130, doi:10.1175/2008JAMC1936.1.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.47 , pp. 3117-3130
    • Kliche, D.V.1    Smith, P.L.2    Johnson, R.W.3
  • 25
    • 0000238470 scopus 로고
    • Rain parameter estimation from dual-radar measurements combining reflectivity profile and path-integrated attenuation
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1991)008<0259: RPEFDR>2.0.CO;2
    • Kozu, T., and K. Nakamura, 1991: Rain parameter estimation from dual-radar measurements combining reflectivity profile and path-integrated attenuation. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 8, 259-270, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(1991)008<0259: RPEFDR>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1991) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.8 , pp. 259-270
    • Kozu, T.1    Nakamura, K.2
  • 26
    • 0001256212 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of raindrops with size
    • Marshall, J. S., and W. M. Palmer, 1948: The distribution of raindrops with size. J. Meteor., 9, 327-332.
    • (1948) J. Meteor. , vol.9 , pp. 327-332
    • Marshall, J.S.1    Palmer, W.M.2
  • 27
    • 34347368564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonparametric estimation of raindrop size distributions from dual-polarization radar spectral observations
    • doi:10.1175/JTECH2024.1
    • Moisseev, D., and V. Chandrasekar, 2007: Nonparametric estimation of raindrop size distributions from dual-polarization radar spectral observations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 24, 1008-1018, doi:10.1175/JTECH2024.1.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.24 , pp. 1008-1018
    • Moisseev, D.1    Chandrasekar, V.2
  • 28
    • 0034490929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wind-induced error of raindrop size distribution measurement using a two-dimensional video disdrometer
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1483: WIEORS>2.0.CO;2
    • Nešpor, V., W. F. Krajewski, andA. Kruger, 2000: Wind-induced error of raindrop size distribution measurement using a two-dimensional video disdrometer. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 17, 1483-1492, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2000)017<1483: WIEORS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.17 , pp. 1483-1492
    • Nešpor, V.1    Krajewski, W.F.2    Kruger, A.3
  • 29
    • 84983971061 scopus 로고
    • A wind investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air
    • doi:10.1002/qj.49709640807
    • Pruppacher, H. R., and K. V. Beard, 1970: A wind investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 96, 247-256, doi:10.1002/qj.49709640807.
    • (1970) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.96 , pp. 247-256
    • Pruppacher, H.R.1    Beard, K.V.2
  • 30
    • 0001610304 scopus 로고
    • Notes on bias in estimation
    • Quenouille, M. H., 1956: Notes on bias in estimation. Biometrika, 43, 353-36.
    • (1956) Biometrika , vol.43 , pp. 336-353
    • Quenouille, M.H.1
  • 31
    • 34247568330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • One decade of imaging precipitation measurement by 2D-video-disdrometer
    • doi:10.5194/adgeo-10-85-2007
    • Schönhuber, M.,G. Lammer, andW. L. Randeu, 2007: One decade of imaging precipitation measurement by 2D-video-disdrometer. Adv. Geosci., 10, 85-90, doi:10.5194/adgeo-10-85-2007.
    • (2007) Adv. Geosci. , vol.10 , pp. 85-90
    • Schönhuber, M.1    Lammer, G.2    Randeu, W.L.3
  • 33
    • 0000909660 scopus 로고
    • A general formulation for raindrop size distribution
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1494: AGFFRS>2.0.CO;2
    • Sempere Torres, D., J. M. Porrà, and J. D. Creutin, 1994: A general formulation for raindrop size distribution. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 1494-1502, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1994)033<1494: AGFFRS>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 1494-1502
    • Sempere Torres, D.1    Porrà, J.M.2    Creutin, J.D.3
  • 34
    • 25444519751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bias in moment estimators for parameters of drop size distribution functions: Sampling from exponential distributions
    • doi:10.1175/JAM2258.1
    • Smith, P. L., and D. Kliche, 2005: The bias in moment estimators for parameters of drop size distribution functions: Sampling from exponential distributions. J. Appl. Meteor., 44, 1195-1205, doi:10.1175/JAM2258.1.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.44 , pp. 1195-1205
    • Smith, P.L.1    Kliche, D.2
  • 35
    • 0027796942 scopus 로고
    • Astudy of sampling-variability effects in raindrop size observations
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1259:ASOSVE>2.0.CO;2
    • Smith, P. L,Z. Liu, and J. Joss, 1993:Astudy of sampling-variability effects in raindrop size observations. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 1259-1269, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1259:ASOSVE>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1993) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.32 , pp. 1259-1269
    • Smith, P.L.1    Liu, Z.2    Joss, J.3
  • 36
    • 77649091599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The bias and error in moment estimators for parameters of drop size distribution functions: Sampling from gamma distributions
    • doi:10.1175/2009JAMC2114.1
    • Smith, P. L, D. Kliche, and R. W. Johnson, 2009: The bias and error in moment estimators for parameters of drop size distribution functions: Sampling from gamma distributions. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 48, 2118-2126, doi:10.1175/2009JAMC2114.1.
    • (2009) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.48 , pp. 2118-2126
    • Smith, P.L.1    Kliche, D.2    Johnson, R.W.3
  • 37
    • 79955948517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop size distribution comparisons between Parsivel and 2-D video disdrometers
    • doi:10.5194/adgeo-30-3-2011
    • Thurai, M., W. A. Petersen, A. Tokay, C. Schultz, and P. Gatlin, 2011: Drop size distribution comparisons between Parsivel and 2-D video disdrometers. Adv. Geosci., 30, 3-9, doi:10.5194/adgeo-30-3-2011.
    • (2011) Adv. Geosci. , vol.30 , pp. 3-9
    • Thurai, M.1    Petersen, W.A.2    Tokay, A.3    Schultz, C.4    Gatlin, P.5
  • 38
    • 84888412712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop shapes and fall speeds in rain: Two contrasting examples
    • doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-12-085.1
    • Smith, P. L, V. Bringi, W. Petersen, and P. Gatlin, 2013: Drop shapes and fall speeds in rain: Two contrasting examples. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 52, 2567-2581, doi:10.1175/JAMC-D-12-085.1.
    • (2013) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.52 , pp. 2567-2581
    • Smith, P.L.1    Bringi, V.2    Petersen, W.3    Gatlin, P.4
  • 39
    • 0030471053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence from tropical raindrop spectra of the origin of rain from stratiform and convective clouds
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0355:EFTRSO>2.0.CO;2
    • Tokay, A., and D. A. Short, 1996: Evidence from tropical raindrop spectra of the origin of rain from stratiform and convective clouds. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 355-371, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1996)035<0355:EFTRSO>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.35 , pp. 355-371
    • Tokay, A.1    Short, D.A.2
  • 40
    • 0035508303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of dropsize distribution measurements by impact and optical disdrometers
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<2083:CODSDM>2.0.CO;2
    • Tokay, A, A. Kruger, and W. Krajewski, 2001: Comparison of dropsize distribution measurements by impact and optical disdrometers. J. Appl. Meteor., 40, 2083-2097, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2001)040<2083:CODSDM>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2001) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.40 , pp. 2083-2097
    • Tokay, A.1    Kruger, A.2    Krajewski, W.3
  • 41
    • 84880230620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of raindrop size distribution measurements by collocated disdrometers
    • doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00163.1
    • Tokay, A,W.A. Petersen, P.Gatlin, and M. Wingo, 2013: Comparison of raindrop size distribution measurements by collocated disdrometers. J. Atmos.Oceanic Technol., 30, 1672-1690, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00163.1.
    • (2013) J. Atmos.Oceanic Technol. , vol.30 , pp. 1672-1690
    • Tokay, A.1    Petersen, W.A.2    Gatlin, P.3    Wingo, M.4
  • 42
    • 0001617782 scopus 로고
    • Bias and confidence in not-quite large samples
    • doi:10.1214/aoms/1177706647
    • Tukey, J. W., 1958: Bias and confidence in not-quite large samples. Ann. Math. Stat., 29, 614-623, doi:10.1214/aoms/1177706647.
    • (1958) Ann. Math. Stat. , vol.29 , pp. 614-623
    • Tukey, J.W.1
  • 43
    • 0020969890 scopus 로고
    • Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop-size distribution
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1764: NVITAF>2.0.CO;2
    • Ulbrich, C., 1983: Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop-size distribution. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 22, 1764-1775, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1764: NVITAF>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1983) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.22 , pp. 1764-1775
    • Ulbrich, C.1
  • 44
    • 0000508872 scopus 로고
    • The effects of drop size distribution truncation on rainfall integral parameters and empirical relations
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0580: TEODSD>2.0.CO;2
    • Ulbrich, C, 1985: The effects of drop size distribution truncation on rainfall integral parameters and empirical relations. J. Climate Appl. Meteor., 24, 580-590, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(1985)024<0580: TEODSD>2.0.CO;2.
    • (1985) J. Climate Appl. Meteor. , vol.24 , pp. 580-590
    • Ulbrich, C.1
  • 45
    • 0021640380 scopus 로고
    • Functional fits to some observed drop size distributions and parameterization of rain
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041,1648: FFTSOD.2.0.CO;2
    • Willis, P. T., 1984: Functional fits to some observed drop size distributions and parameterization of rain. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1648-1661, doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041,1648: FFTSOD.2.0.CO;2.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 1648-1661
    • Willis, P.T.1
  • 46
    • 0038359183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The shape-slope relation in observed gamma raindrop size distributions: Statistical error or useful information?
    • doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1106:TSRIOG>2.0.CO;2
    • Zhang, G., J. Vivekanandan, E. A. Brandes, R. Meneghini, and T. Kozu, 2003: The shape-slope relation in observed gamma raindrop size distributions: Statistical error or useful information? J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 1106-1119, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1106:TSRIOG>2.0.CO;2.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.20 , pp. 1106-1119
    • Zhang, G.1    Vivekanandan, J.2    Brandes, E.A.3    Meneghini, R.4    Kozu, T.5
  • 47
    • 79960375731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Winter precipitation microphysics characterized by polarimetric radar and video disdrometer observations in central Oklahoma
    • doi:10.1175/2011JAMC2343.1
    • Zhang, G, S. Luchs, A. Ryzhkov, M. Xue, L. Ryzhkova, and Q. Cao, 2011: Winter precipitation microphysics characterized by polarimetric radar and video disdrometer observations in central Oklahoma. J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol., 50, 1558-1570, doi:10.1175/2011JAMC2343.1.
    • (2011) J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol. , vol.50 , pp. 1558-1570
    • Zhang, G.1    Luchs, S.2    Ryzhkov, A.3    Xue, M.4    Ryzhkova, L.5    Cao, Q.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.