메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 1014-1028

Thermal limits in young northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus

Author keywords

Bioenergetics; Callorhinus ursinus; Metabolism; Northern fur seal; Thermoregulation

Indexed keywords

AMBIENT AIR; CLIMATE CHANGE; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION; METABOLISM; PINNIPED; PREY AVAILABILITY; THERMOREGULATION; WATER TEMPERATURE;

EID: 84903820415     PISSN: 08240469     EISSN: 17487692     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/mms.12097     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (73)
  • 2
    • 34547607631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska
    • Baker, J. D. 2007. Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Marine Ecology Progress Series 341:243-255.
    • (2007) Marine Ecology Progress Series , vol.341 , pp. 243-255
    • Baker, J.D.1
  • 3
    • 0034057319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ontogeny of swimming and diving in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups
    • Baker, J. D., and M. J. Donohue. 2000. Ontogeny of swimming and diving in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78:100-109.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.78 , pp. 100-109
    • Baker, J.D.1    Donohue, M.J.2
  • 4
    • 0027095107 scopus 로고
    • Pup weight and survival of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus
    • Baker, J. D., and C. W. Fowler. 1992. Pup weight and survival of northern fur seals, Callorhinus ursinus. Journal of Zoology, London 227:231-238.
    • (1992) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.227 , pp. 231-238
    • Baker, J.D.1    Fowler, C.W.2
  • 5
    • 0007777693 scopus 로고
    • Body temperature in the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus
    • Bartholomew, G. A., and F. Wilke. 1956. Body temperature in the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. Journal of Mammalogy 37:327-337.
    • (1956) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.37 , pp. 327-337
    • Bartholomew, G.A.1    Wilke, F.2
  • 6
    • 84903818899 scopus 로고
    • Migration of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) off western North America. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1764.
    • Bigg, M. A. 1990. Migration of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) off western North America. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 1764. 63 pp.
    • (1990) , pp. 63
    • Bigg, M.A.1
  • 8
    • 0028931194 scopus 로고
    • Theoretical heat flux in water and habitat selection of phocid seals and beluga whales during the annual molt
    • Boily, P. 1995. Theoretical heat flux in water and habitat selection of phocid seals and beluga whales during the annual molt. Journal of Theoretical Biology 172:235-244.
    • (1995) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.172 , pp. 235-244
    • Boily, P.1
  • 9
    • 0030029596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulation of juvenile grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, in air
    • Boily, P., and D. M. Lavigne. 1996. Thermoregulation of juvenile grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, in air. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:201-208.
    • (1996) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.74 , pp. 201-208
    • Boily, P.1    Lavigne, D.M.2
  • 10
    • 0034619689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutaneous heat flux models do not reliably predict metabolic rates of marine mammals
    • Boily, P., P. H. Kvadsheim and L. P. Folkow. 2000. Cutaneous heat flux models do not reliably predict metabolic rates of marine mammals. Journal of Theoretical Biology 207:317-323.
    • (2000) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.207 , pp. 317-323
    • Boily, P.1    Kvadsheim, P.H.2    Folkow, L.P.3
  • 11
    • 0017815641 scopus 로고
    • Arteriovenous anastomoses in the skin of seals. II. The California sea lion Zalophus californianus and the northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae)
    • Bryden, M. M., and G. S. Molyneux. 1978. Arteriovenous anastomoses in the skin of seals. II. The California sea lion Zalophus californianus and the northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus (Pinnipedia: Otariidae). Anatomical Record 191:253-260.
    • (1978) Anatomical Record , vol.191 , pp. 253-260
    • Bryden, M.M.1    Molyneux, G.S.2
  • 12
    • 0020389043 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen consumption, thermoregulation, and the effect of fur oiling and washing on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris
    • Costa, D. P., and G. L. Kooyman. 1982. Oxygen consumption, thermoregulation, and the effect of fur oiling and washing on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60:2761-2767.
    • (1982) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.60 , pp. 2761-2767
    • Costa, D.P.1    Kooyman, G.L.2
  • 13
    • 84903821374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Broad thermal capacity facilitates the primarily pelagic existence of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus)
    • In press doi: 10.1111/mms.12103.
    • Dalton, A. J. M., D. A. S. Rosen and A. W. Trites. In press. Broad thermal capacity facilitates the primarily pelagic existence of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus). Marine Mammal Science. doi: 10.1111/mms.12103.
    • Marine Mammal Science
    • Dalton, A.J.M.1    Rosen, D.A.S.2    Trites, A.W.3
  • 14
    • 0034109035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of metabolic rate and thermoregulatory capabilities of northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, pups in air and water
    • Donohue, M. J., D. P. Costa, M. E. Goebel and J. D. Baker. 2000. The ontogeny of metabolic rate and thermoregulatory capabilities of northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus, pups in air and water. Journal of Experimental Biology 203:1003-1016.
    • (2000) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.203 , pp. 1003-1016
    • Donohue, M.J.1    Costa, D.P.2    Goebel, M.E.3    Baker, J.D.4
  • 15
    • 0018540051 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation in freely diving harp seals (Phoca groenlandica)
    • Gallivan, G. J., and K. Ronald. 1979. Temperature regulation in freely diving harp seals (Phoca groenlandica). Canadian Journal of Zoology 57:2256-2263.
    • (1979) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.57 , pp. 2256-2263
    • Gallivan, G.J.1    Ronald, K.2
  • 16
    • 0015549188 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulatory behaviour of eared seals
    • Gentry, R. L. 1973. Thermoregulatory behaviour of eared seals. Behaviour 46:73-93.
    • (1973) Behaviour , vol.46 , pp. 73-93
    • Gentry, R.L.1
  • 18
    • 0000753156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for intensification of North Pacific winter cyclones since 1948
    • Graham, N. E., and H. F. Diaz. 2001. Evidence for intensification of North Pacific winter cyclones since 1948. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 82:1869-1893.
    • (2001) Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society , vol.82 , pp. 1869-1893
    • Graham, N.E.1    Diaz, H.F.2
  • 19
    • 84903817201 scopus 로고
    • Temperature records of Alaska fur seals
    • Hana, G. D. 1924. Temperature records of Alaska fur seals. American Journal of Physiology 68:52-53.
    • (1924) American Journal of Physiology , vol.68 , pp. 52-53
    • Hana, G.D.1
  • 20
    • 0028873062 scopus 로고
    • Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in juvenile harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in air
    • Hansen, S., D. M. Lavigne and S. Innes. 1995. Energy metabolism and thermoregulation in juvenile harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in air. Physiological Zoology 68:290-315.
    • (1995) Physiological Zoology , vol.68 , pp. 290-315
    • Hansen, S.1    Lavigne, D.M.2    Innes, S.3
  • 21
    • 0011378284 scopus 로고
    • The energetics of harbor seals in air and in water with special consideration of seasonal changes
    • Hart, J. S., and L. Irving. 1959. The energetics of harbor seals in air and in water with special consideration of seasonal changes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 37:447-457.
    • (1959) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.37 , pp. 447-457
    • Hart, J.S.1    Irving, L.2
  • 22
    • 0025150957 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation of marine mammals
    • Hokkanen, J. E. I. 1990. Temperature regulation of marine mammals. Journal of Theoretical Biology 145:465-486.
    • (1990) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.145 , pp. 465-486
    • Hokkanen, J.E.I.1
  • 23
    • 84903820369 scopus 로고
    • Temperature anomalies in the eastern Bering Sea, 1953-1982 for the DYNUMES 24x24 ecosystem model grid. Processed Report 83-21. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, NMFS/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA.
    • Ingraham, W. J., Jr. 1983. Temperature anomalies in the eastern Bering Sea, 1953-1982 for the DYNUMES 24x24 ecosystem model grid. Processed Report 83-21. Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, NMFS/NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA. 348 pp.
    • (1983) , pp. 348
    • Ingraham Jr, W.J.1
  • 24
    • 0008855705 scopus 로고
    • Temperature regulation in marine mammals
    • Pages - in H. T. Anderson, ed. Academic Press, New York, NY.
    • Irving, L. 1969. Temperature regulation in marine mammals. Pages 147-174 in H. T. Anderson, ed. The biology of marine mammals. Academic Press, New York, NY.
    • (1969) The biology of marine mammals , pp. 147-174
    • Irving, L.1
  • 25
    • 0000390370 scopus 로고
    • The metabolism and insulation of seals as bare-skinned mammals in cold water
    • Irving, L., and J. Hart. 1957. The metabolism and insulation of seals as bare-skinned mammals in cold water. Canadian Journal of Zoology 35:497-511.
    • (1957) Canadian Journal of Zoology , vol.35 , pp. 497-511
    • Irving, L.1    Hart, J.2
  • 27
    • 1442312478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glossary of terms for thermal physiology
    • IUPS Thermal Commission. 2003. Glossary of terms for thermal physiology. Journal of Thermal Biology 28:75-106.
    • (2003) Journal of Thermal Biology , vol.28 , pp. 75-106
  • 28
    • 33644615757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substitution of heat from exercise and digestion by ducks diving for mussels at varying depths and temperatures
    • Kaseloo, P. A., and J. R. Lovvorn. 2006. Substitution of heat from exercise and digestion by ducks diving for mussels at varying depths and temperatures. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 176:265-275.
    • (2006) Journal of Comparative Physiology B , vol.176 , pp. 265-275
    • Kaseloo, P.A.1    Lovvorn, J.R.2
  • 29
    • 0002928047 scopus 로고
    • Migration of the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus
    • Kenyon, K. W., and F. Wilke. 1953. Migration of the northern fur seal, Callorhinus ursinus. Journal of Mammalogy 34:86-98.
    • (1953) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.34 , pp. 86-98
    • Kenyon, K.W.1    Wilke, F.2
  • 34
    • 78649553338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Energetic costs and thermoregulation in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups: The importance of behavioral strategies for thermal balance in furred marine mammals
    • Liwanag, H. E. M. 2010. Energetic costs and thermoregulation in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pups: The importance of behavioral strategies for thermal balance in furred marine mammals. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 83:898-910.
    • (2010) Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , vol.83 , pp. 898-910
    • Liwanag, H.E.M.1
  • 35
    • 71849088954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of water temperature on the energetic costs of juvenile and adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): The importance of skeletal muscle thermogenesis for thermal balance
    • Liwanag, H. E. M., T. M. Williams, D. P. Costa, S. B. Kanatous, R. W. Davis and I. L. Boyd. 2009. The effects of water temperature on the energetic costs of juvenile and adult California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): The importance of skeletal muscle thermogenesis for thermal balance. Journal of Experimental Biology 212:3977-3984.
    • (2009) Journal of Experimental Biology , vol.212 , pp. 3977-3984
    • Liwanag, H.E.M.1    Williams, T.M.2    Costa, D.P.3    Kanatous, S.B.4    Davis, R.W.5    Boyd, I.L.6
  • 36
    • 84869852859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and thermal properties of mammalian insulation: The evolutionary transition to blubber in pinnipeds
    • Liwanag, H. E. M., A. Berta, D. P. Costa, S. M. Budge and T. M. Williams. 2012. Morphological and thermal properties of mammalian insulation: The evolutionary transition to blubber in pinnipeds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 107:774-787.
    • (2012) Biological Journal of the Linnean Society , vol.107 , pp. 774-787
    • Liwanag, H.E.M.1    Berta, A.2    Costa, D.P.3    Budge, S.M.4    Williams, T.M.5
  • 37
    • 0009915828 scopus 로고
    • Aquatic mammals in cold
    • Pages - in L. C. H. Wang, ed. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • MacArthur, R. A. 1989. Aquatic mammals in cold. Pages 289-325 in L. C. H. Wang, ed. Advances in comparative and environmental physiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
    • (1989) Advances in comparative and environmental physiology , pp. 289-325
    • MacArthur, R.A.1
  • 38
    • 0028010671 scopus 로고
    • Heat increment of feeding and its thermoregulatory benefit in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
    • MacArthur, R. A., and K. L. Campbell. 1994. Heat increment of feeding and its thermoregulatory benefit in the muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 164:141-146.
    • (1994) Journal of Comparative Physiology B , vol.164 , pp. 141-146
    • MacArthur, R.A.1    Campbell, K.L.2
  • 39
    • 0015818599 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake of the California sea lion and harbor seal during exposure to heat
    • Matsuura, D. T., and G. C. Whittow. 1973. Oxygen uptake of the California sea lion and harbor seal during exposure to heat. American Journal of Physiology 225:711-715.
    • (1973) American Journal of Physiology , vol.225 , pp. 711-715
    • Matsuura, D.T.1    Whittow, G.C.2
  • 40
    • 0342343461 scopus 로고
    • Peripheral heat exchange in phocids
    • Pages - in K. Ronald, and A. W. Mansfield, eds. Rapports et Procès-verbaux des Réunion du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 169.
    • McGinnis, S. M. 1975. Peripheral heat exchange in phocids. Pages 481-486 in K. Ronald, and A. W. Mansfield, eds. Biology of the seal. Rapports et Procès-verbaux des Réunion du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 169.
    • (1975) Biology of the seal , pp. 481-486
    • McGinnis, S.M.1
  • 41
    • 0016803240 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and temperature regulation in young harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardi
    • Miller, K., and L. Irving. 1975. Metabolism and temperature regulation in young harbor seals Phoca vitulina richardi. American Journal of Physiology 229:506-511.
    • (1975) American Journal of Physiology , vol.229 , pp. 506-511
    • Miller, K.1    Irving, L.2
  • 42
    • 0017288564 scopus 로고
    • Oxygen uptake and temperature regulation of young harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardi) in water
    • Miller, K., M. Rosenmann and P. Morrison. 1976. Oxygen uptake and temperature regulation of young harbor seals (Phoca vitulina richardi) in water. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 54A:105-107.
    • (1976) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.54 A , pp. 105-107
    • Miller, K.1    Rosenmann, M.2    Morrison, P.3
  • 43
    • 84903815703 scopus 로고
    • Energetics of the northern fur seal in relation to climate and food resources of the Bering Sea. U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, Report MMC-75/08.
    • Miller, L. K. 1978. Energetics of the northern fur seal in relation to climate and food resources of the Bering Sea. U.S. Marine Mammal Commission, Report MMC-75/08.
    • (1978)
    • Miller, L.K.1
  • 45
    • 0002811932 scopus 로고
    • Thermoneutrality: traditions, problems, alternatives
    • Pages in T. Nagasaka and A. S. Milton, eds, IPEC, Tokyo, Japan.
    • Nichelmann, M., and B. Tzschentke. 1995. Thermoneutrality: traditions, problems, alternatives. Pages 77-82 in T. Nagasaka and A. S. Milton, eds. Body temperature and metabolism. IPEC, Tokyo, Japan.
    • (1995) Body temperature and metabolism , pp. 77-82
    • Nichelmann, M.1    Tzschentke, B.2
  • 46
    • 84875611435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging habitats of lactating northern fur seals are structured by thermocline depths and submesoscale fronts in the eastern Bering Sea
    • Nordstrom, C. A., B. C. Battaile, C. Cotte and A. W. Trites. 2012. Foraging habitats of lactating northern fur seals are structured by thermocline depths and submesoscale fronts in the eastern Bering Sea. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 88-89:78-96.
    • (2012) Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography , vol.88-89 , pp. 78-96
    • Nordstrom, C.A.1    Battaile, B.C.2    Cotte, C.3    Trites, A.W.4
  • 47
    • 0017758890 scopus 로고
    • Northern fur seal thermoregulation: thermal responses to forced activity on land
    • Ohata, C. A., and L. K. Miller. 1977. Northern fur seal thermoregulation: thermal responses to forced activity on land. Journal of Thermal Biology 2:135-140.
    • (1977) Journal of Thermal Biology , vol.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Ohata, C.A.1    Miller, L.K.2
  • 48
    • 84979144394 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the body surface temperature of the harp seal
    • Øritsland, N. A. 1968. Variations in the body surface temperature of the harp seal. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia 4:35A-36A.
    • (1968) Acta Physiologica Scandinavia , vol.4
    • Øritsland, N.A.1
  • 49
    • 0015578370 scopus 로고
    • Effects of solar radiation and wind chill on skin temperature of the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777)
    • Øritsland, N. A., and K. Ronald. 1973. Effects of solar radiation and wind chill on skin temperature of the harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus (Erxleben, 1777). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 44A:519-525.
    • (1973) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.44 A , pp. 519-525
    • Øritsland, N.A.1    Ronald, K.2
  • 50
    • 0018174151 scopus 로고
    • Aspects of temperature regulation in harp seal pups evaluated by in vivo experiments and computer simulations
    • Øritsland, N. A., and K. Ronald. 1978. Aspects of temperature regulation in harp seal pups evaluated by in vivo experiments and computer simulations. Acta Physiologica Scandinavia 103:263-269.
    • (1978) Acta Physiologica Scandinavia , vol.103 , pp. 263-269
    • Øritsland, N.A.1    Ronald, K.2
  • 51
    • 0008878959 scopus 로고
    • Costs of thermoregulation in adult pinnipeds
    • Pierotti, R., and D. Pierotti. 1983. Costs of thermoregulation in adult pinnipeds. Evolution 37:1087-1091.
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1087-1091
    • Pierotti, R.1    Pierotti, D.2
  • 52
    • 0028995713 scopus 로고
    • Early migration of northern fur seal pups from St. Paul Island, Alaska
    • Ragen, T. J., G. A. Antonelis and M. Kiyota. 1995. Early migration of northern fur seal pups from St. Paul Island, Alaska. Journal of Mammalogy 76:1137-1148.
    • (1995) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.76 , pp. 1137-1148
    • Ragen, T.J.1    Antonelis, G.A.2    Kiyota, M.3
  • 53
    • 0015055498 scopus 로고
    • Convection coefficients of man in a forensic are of thermal physiology: Heat transfer in underwater exercise
    • Rapp, G. M. 1971. Convection coefficients of man in a forensic are of thermal physiology: Heat transfer in underwater exercise. Journal of Physiology (Paris) 63:392-396.
    • (1971) Journal of Physiology (Paris) , vol.63 , pp. 392-396
    • Rapp, G.M.1
  • 54
    • 0037937085 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulation of the pup and adult Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson) in Antarctica
    • Ray, C., and M. S. R. Smith. 1968. Thermoregulation of the pup and adult Weddell seal, Leptonychotes weddelli (Lesson) in Antarctica. Zoologica 53:33-46.
    • (1968) Zoologica , vol.53 , pp. 33-46
    • Ray, C.1    Smith, M.S.R.2
  • 57
    • 13444279222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological implications of body composition and thermal capabilities in young Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)
    • Rutishauser, M. R., D. P. Costa, M. E. Goebel and T. M. Williams. 2004. Ecological implications of body composition and thermal capabilities in young Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella). Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 77:669-681.
    • (2004) Physiological and Biochemical Zoology , vol.77 , pp. 669-681
    • Rutishauser, M.R.1    Costa, D.P.2    Goebel, M.E.3    Williams, T.M.4
  • 58
    • 0012628699 scopus 로고
    • Winter injury to young fur seals on the northwest coast
    • Scheffer, V. 1950. Winter injury to young fur seals on the northwest coast. California Fish and Game 36:378-379.
    • (1950) California Fish and Game , vol.36 , pp. 378-379
    • Scheffer, V.1
  • 59
    • 0346634909 scopus 로고
    • Newborn size in marine mammals
    • Scheffer, V. B. 1981. Newborn size in marine mammals. Pacific Discovery 34:19-26.
    • (1981) Pacific Discovery , vol.34 , pp. 19-26
    • Scheffer, V.B.1
  • 61
    • 0017279019 scopus 로고
    • Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
    • South, F. E., R. H. Luecke, M. L. Zatzman and M. D. Shanklin. 1976. Air temperature and direct partitional calorimetry of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 54A:27-30.
    • (1976) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.54 A , pp. 27-30
    • South, F.E.1    Luecke, R.H.2    Zatzman, M.L.3    Shanklin, M.D.4
  • 62
    • 0001338980 scopus 로고
    • Thermoregulation and resting metabolic rate of California sea lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups
    • Thompson, S. D., K. A. Ono, O. T. Oftedal and D. J. Boness. 1987. Thermoregulation and resting metabolic rate of California sea lion (Zalophus Californianus) pups. Physiological Zoology 60:730-736.
    • (1987) Physiological Zoology , vol.60 , pp. 730-736
    • Thompson, S.D.1    Ono, K.A.2    Oftedal, O.T.3    Boness, D.J.4
  • 63
    • 33645352487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decline in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pup production on the Pribilof Islands
    • Towell, R. G., R. R. Ream and A. E. York. 2006. Decline in northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) pup production on the Pribilof Islands. Marine Mammal Science 22:486-491.
    • (2006) Marine Mammal Science , vol.22 , pp. 486-491
    • Towell, R.G.1    Ream, R.R.2    York, A.E.3
  • 64
    • 0025645545 scopus 로고
    • Thermal budgets and climate spaces: The impact of weather on the survival of Galapagos (Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller) and northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus L.)
    • Trites, A. W. 1990. Thermal budgets and climate spaces: The impact of weather on the survival of Galapagos (Arctocephalus galapagoensis Heller) and northern fur seal pups (Callorhinus ursinus L.). Functional Ecology 4:753-768.
    • (1990) Functional Ecology , vol.4 , pp. 753-768
    • Trites, A.W.1
  • 65
    • 0028161115 scopus 로고
    • The influence of climatic seasonality on the life cycle of the Pribilof northern fur seal
    • Trites, A. W., and G. A. Antonelis. 1994. The influence of climatic seasonality on the life cycle of the Pribilof northern fur seal. Marine Mammal Science 10:311-324.
    • (1994) Marine Mammal Science , vol.10 , pp. 311-324
    • Trites, A.W.1    Antonelis, G.A.2
  • 66
    • 0029667797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physical growth of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): Seasonal fluctuations and migratory influences
    • Trites, A. W., and M. A. Bigg. 1996. Physical growth of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus): Seasonal fluctuations and migratory influences. Journal of Zoology, London 238:459-482.
    • (1996) Journal of Zoology, London , vol.238 , pp. 459-482
    • Trites, A.W.1    Bigg, M.A.2
  • 67
    • 33845625646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bottom-up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska: Assessing the ocean climate hypothesis
    • Trites, A. W., A. J. Miller, H. D. G. Maschner, et al. 2007. Bottom-up forcing and the decline of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska: Assessing the ocean climate hypothesis. Fisheries Oceanography 16:46-67.
    • (2007) Fisheries Oceanography , vol.16 , pp. 46-67
    • Trites, A.W.1    Miller, A.J.2    Maschner, H.D.G.3
  • 68
    • 0027329570 scopus 로고
    • Models of heat loss by marine mammals: Thermoregulation below the zone of irrelevance
    • Watts, P., P. Hansen and D. M. Lavigne. 1993. Models of heat loss by marine mammals: Thermoregulation below the zone of irrelevance. Journal of Theoretical Biology 163:505-525.
    • (1993) Journal of Theoretical Biology , vol.163 , pp. 505-525
    • Watts, P.1    Hansen, P.2    Lavigne, D.M.3
  • 69
    • 33745735198 scopus 로고
    • Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
    • Pages - in K. Ronald, and A. W. Mansfield, eds. Rapports et Procès-verbaux des Réunion du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 169.
    • Whittow, G. C., D. T. Matsuura and C. A. Ohata. 1975. Physiological and behavioral temperature regulation in the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Pages 479-480 in K. Ronald, and A. W. Mansfield, eds. Biology of the seal. Rapports et Procès-verbaux des Réunion du Conseil International pour l'Exploration de la Mer 169.
    • (1975) Biology of the seal , pp. 479-480
    • Whittow, G.C.1    Matsuura, D.T.2    Ohata, C.A.3
  • 70
    • 0038394542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology: the challenge of aquatic living
    • Pages in A. Hoelzel, ed. An evolutionary approach. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, U.K.
    • Williams, T., and G. Worthy. 2002. Anatomy and physiology: the challenge of aquatic living. Pages 73-97 in A. Hoelzel, ed. Marine mammal biology. An evolutionary approach. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, U.K.
    • (2002) Marine mammal biology , pp. 73-97
    • Williams, T.1    Worthy, G.2
  • 71
    • 13244299690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variation of heat flux in swimming Steller sea lions: evidence for consistent avenues of heat exchange along the body trunk
    • Willis, K., M. Horning, D. A. S. Rosen and A. W. Trites. 2005. Spatial variation of heat flux in swimming Steller sea lions: evidence for consistent avenues of heat exchange along the body trunk. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 315:163-175.
    • (2005) Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology , vol.315 , pp. 163-175
    • Willis, K.1    Horning, M.2    Rosen, D.A.S.3    Trites, A.W.4
  • 72
    • 0017351411 scopus 로고
    • 2, and evaporative water loss with a flow-through mask
    • 2, and evaporative water loss with a flow-through mask. Journal of Applied Physiology 42:120-123.
    • (1977) Journal of Applied Physiology , vol.42 , pp. 120-123
    • Withers, P.C.1
  • 73
    • 0026075145 scopus 로고
    • Insulation and thermal balance of fasting harp and grey seal pups
    • Worthy, G. A. J. 1991. Insulation and thermal balance of fasting harp and grey seal pups. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 100A:845-851.
    • (1991) Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology , vol.100 A , pp. 845-851
    • Worthy, G.A.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.