Biomarker-Based Inferences of Past Climate: The Alkenone pCO2 Proxy

Treatise on Geochemistry: Second Edition

Volumn 12, Issue , 2013, Pages 361-378

  Pagani, M ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Active transport; Carbon uptake

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; CARBON DIOXIDE; EARTH (PLANET); GEOCHEMISTRY;

ACTIVE TRANSPORT; ALKENONES; ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRATION; CARBON UPTAKE; EARTH'S CLIMATE; STABLE CARBON;

ORGANIC CARBON;

EID: 84903807299     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01027-5     Document Type: Chapter

References (131)

1. 13C enrichment in modern marine organic carbon. Nature 1985, 315:216-218.
2. 2-concentrating mechanisms in algae. Canadian Journal of Botany 1998, 76:1052-1071.
3. 2 acquisition by the CBB cycle. Journal of Experimental Botany 2008, 59:1525-1541.
4. 2 as a plausible mechanism. Geophysical Monograph 1985, vol. 32:546-553. AGU, Washington, DC.
5. 2 and nutrient concentrations. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 2002, 16(1):1012.
6. 2 concentration and primary production. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2007, 71:1528-1541.
7. 2 over the Phanerozoic time. American Journal of Science 1991, 291:339-376.
8. 13C in nature and in the laboratory: Growth-rate effects in some haptophyte algae. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1997, 11:279-292.
9. 13C in nature and in the laboratory: Growth-rate effects in some haptophyte algae' by Bidigare et al., 1997. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1999, 13:251.
10. 2 and temperature variations. Nature 2010, 330:819-821.
11. 2 concentration, and cell size on the stable carbon isotope fractionation in marine phytoplankton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1999, 63:3729-3741.
12. 2 availability. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1999, 184:31-41.
13. Burns B.D., Beardall J. Utilization of inorganic carbon by marine microalgae. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 1987, 107(1):75-86.
14. 13 fractionation by blue-green algae. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1973, 37:133-140.
15. Cassar N., Laws E.A., Popp B.N. Carbon isotopic fractionation by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum under nutrient- and light-limited growth conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2006, 70:5323-5335.
16. Cassar N., Laws E.A., Popp B.N., Bidigare R.R. Inorganic carbon for photosynthesis in a strain of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Limnology and Oceanography 2002, 47:1192-1197.
17. Clark D.R., Flynn K.J. The relationship between the dissolved inorganic carbon concentration and growth rate in marine phytoplankton. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 2000, 267:953-959.
18. Coleman B., Huertas I.E., Bhatti S., Dason J.S. The diversity of inorganic carbon acquisition mechanisms in eukaryotic microalgae. Functional Plant Biology 2002, 29:261-270.
19. Conte M., Volkman J., Eglinton G. Lipid biomarkers of the haptophyta. The Haptophyte Algae 1994, 351-371. Clarendon Press, Oxford. J.C. Green, B.S.C. Leadbeater (Eds.).
20. 13C in cretaceous marine organic matter: Source, diagenetic, or environmental signal?. Marine Geology 1986, 70:119-157.
21. Degens E.T., Behrendt M., Gotthardt B., Reppman E. Metabolic fractionation of carbon isotopes in marine plankton - II. Data on samples collected off the coasts of Peru and Ecuador. Deep Sea Research 1968, 15:12-20.
22. Degens E.T., Guillard R.R.L., Sackett W.M., Hellebust J.A. Metabolic fractionation of carbon isotopes in marine plankton - I. Temperature and respiration experiments. Deep Sea Research 1968, 15:1-9.
23. DeNiro M.J., Epstein S. Mechanism of carbon isotope fraction associated with lipid synthesis. Science 1977, 197:261-263.
24. Des Marais D.J., Mitchell J.M., Meinschein W.G., Hayes J.M. The carbon isotope biogeochemistry of the individual hydrocarbons in bat guano and the ecology of the insectivorous bats in the region of Carlsbad, New Mexico. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1980, 44:2075-2086.
25. Deuser W.G., Degens E.T., Guillard R.R. Carbon isotope relationships between plankton and sea water. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1968, 32:657-660.
26. Eek M.E., Whiticar M.J., Bishops J.K.B., Wong C.S. Influence of nutrients on carbon isotope fractionation by natural populations of Pymnesiophyte algae in NE Pacific. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 1999, 46:2863-2876.
27. Elzenga J., Prins H., Stefels J. The role of extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity in inorganic 1225 carbon utilization of Phaeocystis globosa (Prymnesiophyceae): A comparison with other marine algae using the isotopic disequilibrium technique. Limnology and Oceanography 2000, 45(2):372-380.
28. 14C concentrations. Nature 1987, 329:51-53.
29. 37 alkenones in Emiliania huxleyi. Organic Geochemistry 2001, 32:867-875.
30. 13C by marine phytoplankton. Journal of Plankton Research 1991, 13:2l-28l.
31. Farquhar G.D., Ehleringer J.R., Hubick K.T. Carbon isotope discrimination and photosynthesis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 1989, 40:503-537.
32. Farquhar G.D., O'Leary M.H.B., Berry J.A. On the relationship between carbon isotope discrimination and the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration in leaves. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1982, 9:121-137.
33. 13C of surface water particulate organic matter across the subtropical convergence in the SW Indian Ocean. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1993, 7:627-644.
34. 2 levels. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1992, 6:185-198.
35. Freeman K.H., Hayes J.M., Trendel J.-M., Albrecht P. Evidence from carbon isotopes measurements for diverse origins of sedimentary hydrocarbons. Nature 1990, 343:254-256.
36. 2 levels: A consideration of their utility based on an analysis of uncertainties. Ecological Studies 2005, vol. 177:530. Springer, New York. J.R. Ehleringer, T.E. Cerling, M.D. Dearing (Eds.).
37. 2 concentrating mechanisms in algae: Mechanisms, environmental modulation, and evolution. Annual Review of Plant Biology 2005, 56:99-131.
38. Goericke R., Montoya J.P., Fry B. Physiology of isotope fractionation in algae and cyanobacteria. Stable Isotope in Ecology 1994, Blackwell, Cambridge. K. Lajtha, B. Michener (Eds.).
39. Guy R.D., Fogel M.L., Berry J.A. Photosynthetic fractionation of the stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon. Plant Physiology 1993, 101:37-47.
40. Hay W. Calcareous nannofossils. Oceanic Micropaleontology 1977, vol. 2:1055-1200. Academic Press, London. A. Ramsay (Ed.).
41. 13C contents of sedimentary organic compounds: Principles and evidence. Marine Geology 1993, 113:111-125.
42. Hayes J.M., Popp B.N., Takigiku R., Johnson M.W. An isotopic study of biogeochemical relationships between carbonates and organic carbon in the Greenhorn Formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1989, 53:2961-2972.
43. 13C in marine organic matter and isotopic fractionation in the global biogeochemical cycle of carbon during the past 800Ma. Chemical Geology 1999, 161:103-125.
44. Hayes J.M., Takigiku R., Ocampo R., Callot H.J., Albrecht P. Isotopic compositions and probable origins of organic molecules in the Eocene Messel Shale. Nature 1987, 329:48-51.
45. 2 records. Paleoceanography 2007, 22. 10.1029/2006PA001399.
46. 2. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2008, 269:575-583.
47. Herfort L., Thake B., Roberts J. Acquisition and use of bicarbonate by Emiliania huxleyi. New Phytology 2002, 156:427-436.
48. 2 concentration, pH, temperature, and species. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1994, 8(1):91-102.
49. 2 barometer. Geology 1991, 19:929-932.
50. 2 world. Science 2008, 320:336-340.
51. 2 levels during the late Quaternary. Nature 1990, 347:462-464.
52. 2 in the central equatorial Pacific during the last 255,000 years. Paleoceanography 1994, 9:781-798.
53. 2 concentrating mechanisms in photosynthetic microorganisms. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 1999, 50:539-570.
54. Keller K., Morel F. A model of carbon isotopic fractionation and active carbon uptake in phytoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series 1999, 182:295-298.
55. 2 concentration on carbon isotopic fractionation by the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Limnology and Oceanography 1997, 42:1552-1560.
56. Laws E.A., Popp B.N., Bidigare R.R., Riebesell U., Burkhardt S., Wakeham S.G. Controls on the molecular distribution and carbon isotopic composition of alkenones in certain haptophyte algae. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2001, 2. 10.1029/2000GC000057.
57. aq: Theoretical considerations and experimental results. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1995, 59:1131-1138.
58. 2 concentrating mechanisms, and implications for palaeoreconstructions. Functional Plant Biology 2002, 29:323-333.
59. Marlowe I.T., Brassell S.C., Eglinton G., Green J.C. Long-chain alkenones and alkyl alkenoates and the fossil coccolith record of marine sediments. Chemical Geology 1990, 88:349-375.
60. Marlowe I.T., Green J.C., Neal A.C., Brassell S.C., Eglinton G., Course P.A. Long chain (n-C37-C39) alkenones in the Prymnesiophyceae. Distribution of alkenones and other lipids and their taxonomic significance. British Phycology Journal 1984, 19:203-216.
61. Martin C.L., Tortell P.D. Bicarbonate transport and extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity in Bering Sea phytoplankton Assemblages: Results from isotope disequilibrium experiments. Limnology and Oceanography 2006, 51:2111-2121.
62. 2 in the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Plant, Cell and Environment 2001, 24:611-620.
63. Matthews D.E., Hayes J.M. Isotope-ratio-gas chromatography mass-spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry 1978, 50:1465-1473.
64. Maynard J.B. Carbon isotopes as indicators of dispersal patterns in Devonian-Mississippian shales of the Appalachian Basin. Geology 1981, 9:262-265.
65. McCabe B (1985) The Dynamics of 13C in Several New Zealand lakes. PhD Thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand, pp. 278.
66. 2-consuming reactions. Functional Plant Biology 2006, 33:1115-1128.
67. Nimer N., Merrett M. Calcification and utilization of inorganic carbon by the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi Lohmann. New Phytolologist 1992, 121(2):173-177.
68. Nimer N.A., Merrett M.J. Calcification rate in Emiliania huxleyi Lohmann in response to light, nitrate and availability of inorganic carbon. New Phytologist 1993, 123:673-677.
69. 2-concentrating mechanism in Emiliania huxleyi. New Phytologist 1996, 133:383-389.
70. Paasche E. A tracer study of the inorganic carbon uptake during coccolith formation and photosynthesis in the coccolithophorid Coccolithus huxleyi. Physiologia Plantarum Suppl. 1964, 3:5-82.
71. 2. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A 2002, 360:575-802. D.R. Gröcke, M. Kucera (Eds.).
72. Pagani M., Arthur M.A., Freeman K.H. Miocene evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Paleoceanography 1999, 14:273-292.
73. Pagani M., Arthur M.A., Freeman K.H. Variations in Miocene phytoplankton growth rates in the southwest Atlantic: Evidence for changes in ocean circulation. Paleoceanography 2000, 15:486-496.
74. 2 proxy. Paleoceanography 2002, 17:1069. 10.1029/2002PA000756.
75. Pagani M., Huber M., Liu Z., et al. The role of carbon dioxide during the onset of Antarctic glaciation. Science 2011, 334:1261-1264.
76. Pagani M., Liu Z., LaRiviera J., Ravelo A.C. High climate sensitivity to atmospheric carbon dioxide for the past 5 million years. Nature Geoscience 2009, 3:27-30.
77. Pagani M., Zachos J., Freeman K.H., Bohaty S., Tipple B. Marked decline in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during the Paleogene. Science 2005, 309:600-603.
78. Pardue J.W., Scalan R.S., Van Baalen C., Parker P.L. Maximum carbon isotope fractionation in photosynthesis by blue-green algae and a green alga. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1976, 40:309-312.
79. l2 in plants. Plant Physiology 1961, 36:133-138.
80. Popp B.N., Bidigare R.R., Deschenes B., et al. A new method for estimating growth rates of alkenone-producing haptophytes. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 2006, 4:114-129.
81. Popp B.N., Hanson K.L., Dore J.E., Bidigare R.R., Laws E.A., Wakeham S.G. Controls on the carbon isotopic composition of phytoplankton: Paleoceanographic perspectives. Reconstructing Ocean History: A Window into the Future 1999, Plenum, New York. F. Abrantes, A. Mix (Eds.).
82. Popp B.N., Kenig F., Wakeham S.G., Laws E.A., Bidgare R.R. Does growth rate affect ketone unsaturation and intracellular carbon isotopic variability in Emiliania huxleyi?. Paleoceanograpy 1998, 13:35-41.
83. Popp B.N., Laws E.A., Bidigare R.R., Dore J.E., Hanson K.L., Wakeham S.G. Effect of phytoplankton cell geometry on carbon isotopic fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1998, 62:69-77.
84. 13C depletion in primary marine organic matter. American Journal of Science 1989, 289:436-454.
85. Prahl F.G., Wakeham S.G. Calibration of unsaturation patterns in long-chain ketone compositions for paleotemperature assessment. Nature 1987, 330:367-369.
86. Prahl F.G., Wolfe G.V., Sparrow M.A. Physiological impacts on alkenone paleothermometry. Paleoceanography 2003, 18:1025. 10.1029/2002PA000803.
87. 2 uptake. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 1996, 133:275-285.
88. 2aq] in ocean surface water: Data from a JGOFS site in the northeast Atlantic Ocean and a model. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1992, 56(3):1413-1419.
89. 2aq]. Paleoceanography 1991, 6:335-347.
90. 12C ratio changes with latitude: Differences in northern and southern oceans. Deep Sea Research 1982, 29:1035-1039.
91. 2 and productivity in past oceans. Nature 1989, 341:516-518.
92. Raven J. Inorganic carbon acquisition by marine autotrophs. Advances in Botanical Research 1997, 27:85-209.
93. Raven J.A., Cockell C.S., De La Rocha C.L. The evolution of inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms in photosynthesis. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2008, 363:2641-2650.
94. Raven J., Giordano M., Beardall J., Maberly S.C. Algal and aquatic plant carbon concentrating mechanisms in relation to environmental change. Photosynthesis Research 2011, 1-16. 10.1007/s11120-011-9632-6.
95. Raven J.A., Johnston A.M. Mechanisms of inorganic-carbon acquisition in marine phytoplankton and their implications for the use of other resources. Limnology and Oceanography 1991, 36:1701-1714.
96. Raymo M.E., Grant B., Horowitz M., Rau G.H. Mid-Pliocene warmth: Stronger greenhouse and stronger conveyor. Marine Micropaleontology 1996, 27:313-326.
97. Reinfelder J.R. Carbon concentrating mechanisms in eukaryotic marine phytoplankton. Annual Review of Marine Science 2011, 3:291-315.
98. Rickaby R., Henderiks J., Young J. Perturbing phytoplankton: Response and isotopic fractionation with changing carbonate chemistry in two coccolithophore species. Climate of the Past 2010, 6:771-785.
99. 2 concentration on lipid composition and carbon isotope fractionation in Emiliania huxleyi. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2000, 64(24):4179-4192.
100. Riebesell U., Wolf-Gladrow D.A., Smectacek V. Carbon dioxide limitation of marine phytoplankton growth rates. Nature 1993, 361:249-251.
101. Robinson J.J., Scott K.M., Swanson S.T., et al. Kinetic isotope effect and characterization of form II RubisCO from the chemoautotrophic endosymbionts of the hydrothermal vent tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. Limnology and Oceanography 2003, 48:48-54.
102. Roeske C.A., O'Leary M.H. Carbon isotope effect in the enzyme-catalyzed carboxylation of ribulose biphosphate. Biochemistry 1984, 23:6275-6285.
103. Rost B., Riebesell U. Coccolithophores and the biological pump: Responses to environmental changes. Coccolithophores - From Molecular Processes to Global Impact 2004, 76-99. Springer, New York. H.R. Thierstein, J.R. Young (Eds.).
104. Rost B., Riebesell U., Sültemeyer D. Carbon acquisition of marine phytoplankton: Effect of photoperiod length. Limnology and Oceanography 2006, 51:12-20.
105. Rost B., Zondervan I., Riebesell U. Light-dependent carbon isotope fractionation in the coccolithophorid Emiliania fhuxleyi. Limnology and Oceanography 2002, 47(1):120-128.
106. 13C signatures of organic carbon in southern high latitudes deep sea sediments; paleotemperature implications. Organic Geochemistry 1986, 9:63-68.
107. Sackett W.M., Eckelmann W.R., Bender M.L., Bé A.W.H. Temperature dependence of carbon isotope composition in marine plankton and sediments. Science 1965, 148:235-237.
108. Schouten S., Klein Breteler W.C.M., Blokker P., et al. Biosynthetic effects on the stable carbon isotopic compositions of algal lipids: Implications for deciphering the carbon isotopic biomarker record. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1998, 62:1397-1406.
109. Schulte S., Benthien A., Müller P., Rühlemann C. Carbon isotopic fractionation (ep) of C37 alkenones in deep-sea sediments: Its potential as a paleonutrient proxy. Paleoceanography 2004, 19(1):PA1011.
110. Schulz K.G., Rost B., Burkhardt S., Riebesell U., Thoms S., Wolf-Gladrow D.A. The effect of iron availability on the regulation of inorganic carbon acquisition in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi and the significance of cellular compartmentation for stable carbon isotope fractionation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 2007, 71:5301-5312.
111. Scott K.M., Henn-Sax M., Longo D., Cavanaugh C.M. Kinetic isotope effect and biochemical characterization of form IA RubisCO from the marine cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus MIT9313. Limnology and Oceanography 2007, 52:2199-2204.
112. Scott K.M., Schwedock J., Schrag D.P., Cavanaugh C.M. Influence of form IA RubisCO and environmental dissolved inorganic carbon on the δ13C of the clam-bacterial chemoautotrophic symbiosis Solemya velum. Environmental Microbiology 2004, 6:1210-1219.
113. 2 records. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 292:201-211.
114. Sekino K., Kobayashi H., Shiraiwa Y. Role of coccoliths in the utilization of inorganic carbon by a marine unicellular coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi: A survey using intact cells and protoplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology 1996, 37:123-127.
115. Sekino K., Shiraiwa Y. Accumulation and utilization of dissolved inorganic carbon by a marine unicellular coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi. Plant and Cell Physiology 1994, 35:353-361.
116. 2 concentrating mechanism. Inorganic Carbon Uptake by Aquatic Photosynthetic Organisms 1985, 389-401. American Society of Plant Biologists, Rockville, MD. W. Lucas, J.A. Berry (Eds.).
117. Sikes C.S., Wheeler A.P. Carbonic anhydrase and carbon fixation in coccolithophorids. Journal of Physiology 1982, 18:123-126.
118. Stoll M.S., Schrag D.P. Coccolith Sr/Ca as a new indicator of coccolithophorid calcification and growth rate. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 2000, 1(5):1006-1024.
119. Tabita F.R., Satagopan S., Hanson T.E., Kreel N.E., Scott S.S. Distinct form I, II, III, and IV Rubisco proteins from the three kingdoms of life provide clues about Rubisco evolution and structure/function relationships. Journal of Experimental Botany 2008, 59:1515-1524.
120. Tcherkez G.G.B., Farquhar G.D., Andrews T.J. Despite slow catalysis and confused substrate specificity, all ribulose bisphosphate carboxylases may be nearly perfectly optimized. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2006, 103:7246-7251.
121. Thierstein H.R., Geitzenauer K.R., Molfino B., Shackleton N.J. Global synchroneity of late Quaternary coccolith datum levels: Validation by oxygen isotopes. Geology 1977, 5:400-404.
122. Tortell P. Evolutionary and ecological perspectives on carbon acquisition in phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 2000, 45(3):744-750.
123. Tsuji Y., Suzuki I., Shiraiwa Y. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation in the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi (Haptophyta): Evidence for the predominant operation of the C3 cycle and the contribution of β-carboxylases to the active anaplerotic reaction. Plant and Cell Physiology 2009, 50:318-329.
124. Van Dongen B.E., Schouten S., Sinninghe Damsté J.S. Carbon isotope variability in monosaccharides and lipids of aquatic algae and terrestrial plants. Marine Ecology Progress Series 2002, 232:83-92.
125. Verity P.G., Robertson C.Y., Tronzo C.R., Andrews M.G., Nelson J.R., Sieracki M.E. Relationships between cell volume and the carbon and nitrogen content of marine photosynthetic nannoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography 1993, 37:1434-1446.
126. Wolf-Gladrow D., Riesbesell U. Diffusion and reactions in the vicinity of plankton: A refined model for inorganic carbon transport. Marine Chemistry 1997, 59:17-34.
127. Wong W.W., Sackett W.M. Fractionation of stable carbon isotopes by marine phytoplankton. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 1978, 42:1809-1815.
128. Young J. Size variation of Neogene Reticulofenestra coccoliths from Indian Ocean DSDP cores. Journal of Micropalaeontology 1990, 9:71-86.
129. Young J. Neogene. Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy 1998, 225-265. Chapman and Hall, Cambridge. P. Bown (Ed.).
130. Young J.N., Rickaby R.E.M., Kapralov M.V., Filatov D.A. Adaptive signals in algal Rubisco reveal a history of ancient atmospheric carbon dioxide. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 2012, 367:483-492.
131. Zhang YG, Pagani M, Liu Z, Bohaty SM, and DeConto R (in press) A 40-million-year history of atmospheric CO2. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A.