Erectile dysfunction and central obesity: An Italian perspective

Asian Journal of Andrology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2014, Pages 581-591

  Corona, Giovanni ^a   Rastrelli, Giulia ^b   Filippi, Sandra ^b   Vignozzi, Linda ^b   Mannucci, Edoardo ^c   Maggi, Mario ^b  

^a Azienda USL di Bologna   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

^c CAREGGI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

androgens; erectile dysfunction; impotence; vasculogenic

Indexed keywords

TESTOSTERONE;

BARIATRIC SURGERY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CENTRAL OBESITY; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; EXPERIMENTAL OBESITY; HUMAN; ITALY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); MULTICENTER STUDY (TOPIC); NONHUMAN; OBESITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR;

EID: 84903781754     PISSN: 1008682X     EISSN: 17457262     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/1008-682X.126386     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. WHO Expert Consultation. Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet 2004; 363: 157-63.
2. World Health Organization. Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009.
3. Corona G, Monami M, Boddi V, Balzi D, Melani C, et al. In obesity a further cardiovascular risk factor in patients with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 2538-46.
4. Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A, Di Francesco V. Sarcopenic obesity: a new category of obesity in the elderly. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 18: 388-95.
5. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Bautista L, Franzosi MG, et al. INTERHEART Study Investigators. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27, 000 participants from 52 countries: a case-control study. Lancet 2005; 366: 1640-9.
6. Corona G, Mannucci E, Forti G, Maggi M. Hypogonadism, ED, metabolic syndrome and obesity: a pathological link supporting cardiovascular diseases. Int J Androl 2009; 32: 587-98.
7. Corona G, Forti G, Maggi M. Why can patients with erectile dysfunction be considered lucky? The association with testosterone deficiency and metabolic syndrome. Aging Male 2008; 11: 193-9.
8. Misra A, Garg A, Abate N, Peshock RM, Stray-Gundersen J, et al. Relationship of anterior and posterior subcutaneous abdominal fat to insulin sensitivity in nondiabetic men. Obes Res 1997; 5: 93-9.
9. Smith SR, Lovejoy JC, Greenway F, Ryan D, de Jonge L, et al. Contributions of total body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments, and visceral adipose tissue to the metabolic complications of obesity. Metabolism 2001; 50: 425-35.
10. Lean ME, Han TS, Morrison CE. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ 1995; 311: 158-61.
11. Gallus S, Odone A, Lugo A, Bosetti C, Colombo P, et al. Overweight and obesity prevalence and determinants in Italy: an update to 2010. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52: 677-85.
12. Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hämäläinen H, et al. Finnish Diabetes Prevention Study Group. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1343-50.
13. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, et al. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 393-403.
14. Yamaoka K, Tango T. Efficacy of lifestyle education to prevent type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2780-6.
15. Gillies CL, Abrams KR, Lambert PC, Cooper NJ, Sutton AJ, et al. Pharmacological and lifestyle interventions to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in people with impaired glucose tolerance: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2007; 334: 299.
16. Bray GA. Uses and misuses of the new pharmacotherapy of obesity. Ann Med 1999; 31: 1-3.
17. Derby CA, Mohr BA, Goldstein I, Feldman HA, Johannes CB, et al. Modifiable risk factors and erectile dysfunction: can lifestyle changes modify risk? Urology 2000; 56: 302-6.
18. Bacon CG, Mittleman MA, Kawachi I, Giovannucci E, Glasser DB, et al. A prospective study of risk factors for erectile dysfunction. J Urol 2006; 176: 217-21.
19. Andersen I, Heitmann BL, Wagner G. Obesity and sexual dysfunction in younger Danish men. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 2053-60.
20. Corona G, Lee DM, Forti G, O'Connor DB, Maggi M, et al. EMAS Study Group. Age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). J Sex Med 2010; 7: 1362-80.
21. Blanker MH, Bohnen AM, Groeneveld FP, Bernsen RM, Prins A, et al. Correlates for erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction in older Dutch men: a community-based study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001; 49: 436-42.
22. Han TS, Tajar A, O'Neill TW, Jiang M, Bartfai G, et al. EMAS group. Impaired quality of life and sexual function in overweight and obese men: the European Male Ageing Study. Eur J Endocrinol 2011; 164: 1003-11.
23. Corona G, Mannucci E, Fisher AD, Lotti F, Petrone L, et al. Low levels of androgens in men with erectile dysfunction and obesity. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 2454-63.
24. Larsen SH, Wagner G, Heitmann BL. Sexual function and obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007; 31: 1189-98.
25. O'Connor DB, Corona G, Forti G, Tajar A, Lee DM, et al. Assessment of sexual health in aging men in Europe: development and validation of the European Male Ageing Study sexual function questionnaire. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 1374-85.
26. Janiszewski PM, Janssen I, Ross R. Abdominal obesity and physical inactivity are associated with erectile dysfunction independent of body mass index. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 1990-8.
27. Riedner CE, Rhoden EL, Ribeiro EP, Fuchs SC. Central obesity is an independent predictor of erectile dysfunction in older men. J Urol 2006; 176: 1519-23.
28. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Morelli A, Vignozzi L, Mannucci E, et al. Hypogonadism and metabolic syndrome. J Endocrinol Invest 2011; 34: 557-67.
29. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Mannucci E, Maggi M. How to recognize late-onset hypogonadism in men with sexual dysfunction. Asian J Androl 2012; 14: 251-9.
30. Saad F, Aversa A, Isidori AM, Gooren LJ. Testosterone as potential effective therapy in treatment of obesity in men with testosterone deficiency: a review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2012; 8: 131-43.
31. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Vignozzi L, Mannucci E, Maggi M. Testosterone, cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 25: 337-53.
32. Corona G, Monami M, Rastrelli G, Aversa A, Sforza A, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and testosterone: a meta-analysis study. Int J Androl 2011; 34 (6 Pt 1): 528-40.
33. Corona G, Mannucci E, Forti G, Maggi M. Following the common association between testosterone deficiency and diabetes mellitus, can testosterone be regarded as a new therapy for diabetes? Int J Androl 2009; 32: 431-41.
34. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Forti G, Maggi M. Update in testosterone therapy for men. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 639-54.
35. Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L, Schulman C, Balercia G, et al. A comparison of NCEP-ATPIII and IDF metabolic syndrome definitions with relation to metabolic syndrome-associated sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2007; 4: 789-96.
36. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, Saad F, Luconi M, et al. Body weight loss reverts obesity-associated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 2013; 168: 829-43.
37. Corona G, Mannucci E, Ricca V, Lotti F, Boddi V, et al. The age-related decline of testosterone is associated with different specific symptoms and signs in patients with sexual dysfunction. Int J Androl 2009; 32: 720-8.
38. Corona G, Mannucci E, Lotti F, Fisher AD, Bandini E, et al. Pulse pressure, an index of arterial stiffness, is associated with androgen deficiency and impaired penile blood flow in men with ED. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 285-93.
39. Corona G, Petrone L, Mannucci E, Magini A, Lotti F, et al. Assessment of the relational factor in male patients consulting for sexual dysfunction: the concept of couple sexual dysfunction. J Androl 2006; 27: 795-801.
40. Corona G, Mannucci E, Lotti F, Boddi V, Jannini EA, et al. Impairment of couple relationship in male patients with sexual dysfunction is associated with overt hypogonadism. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 2591-600.
41. Corona G, Mannucci E, Petrone L, Ricca V, Balercia G, et al. Psycho-biological correlates of free-floating anxiety symptoms in male patients with sexual dysfunctions. J Androl 2006; 27: 86-93.
42. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Ricca V, Jannini EA, Vignozzi L, et al. Risk factors associated with primary and secondary reduced libido in male patients with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013; 10: 1074-89.
43. Boddi V, Corona G, Fisher AD, Mannucci E, Ricca V, et al. "It takes two to tango": the relational domain in a cohort of subjects with erectile dysfunction (ED). J Sex Med 2012; 9: 3126-36.
44. Corona G, Fagioli G, Mannucci E, Romeo A, Rossi M, et al. Penile doppler ultrasound in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED): role of peak systolic velocity measured in the flaccid state in predicting arteriogenic ED and silent coronary artery disease. J Sex Med 2008; 5: 2623-34.
45. Petrone L, Mannucci E, Corona G, Bartolini M, Forti G, et al. Structured interview on erectile dysfunction (SIEDY): a new, multidimensional instrument for quantification of pathogenetic issues on erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 2003; 15: 210-20.
46. Corona G, Ricca V, Bandini E, Rastrelli G, Casale H, et al. SIEDY scale 3, a new instrument to detect psychological component in subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 2017-26.
47. Rosen RC, Cappelleri JC, Smith MD, Lipsky J, Peña BM. Development and evaluation of an abridged, 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) as a diagnostic tool for erectile dysfunction. Int J Impot Res 1999; 11: 319-26.
48. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Balercia G, Sforza A, Forti G, et al. Perceived reduced sleep-related erections in subjects with erectile dysfunction: psychobiological correlates. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 1780-8.
49. Corona G, Jannini EA, Vignozzi L, Rastrelli G, Maggi M. The hormonal control of ejaculation. Nat Rev Urol 2012; 9: 508-19.
50. Corona G, Jannini EA, Lotti F, Boddi V, De Vita G, et al. Premature and delayed ejaculation: two ends of a single continuum influenced by hormonal milieu. Int J Androl 2011; 34: 41-8.
51. Isidori AM, Buvat J, Corona G, Goldstein I, Jannini EA, et al. A critical analysis of the role of testosterone in erectile function: from pathophysiology to treatment-a systematic review. Eur Urol 2014; 65: 99-112.
52. Spitzer M, Basaria S, Travison TG, Bhasin S. Effects of testosterone replacement on response to sildenafil citrate. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158: 570-1.
53. Aversa A, Jannini EA, Maggi M, Lenzi A. Effects of testosterone replacement on response to sildenafil citrate. Ann Intern Med 2013; 158: 569-70.
54. Esposito K, Giugliano F, Di Palo C, Giugliano G, Marfella R, et al. Effect of lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in obese men: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291: 2978-84.
55. Esposito K, Ciotola M, Giugliano F, Maiorino MI, Autorino R, et al. Effects of intensive lifestyle changes on erectile dysfunction in men. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 243-50.
56. Esposito K, Ciotola M, Giugliano F, De Sio M, Giugliano G, et al. Mediterranean diet improves erectile function in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18: 405-10.
57. Wing RR, Rosen RC, Fava JL, Bahnson J, Brancati F, et al. Effects of weight loss intervention on erectile function in older men with type 2 diabetes in the Look AHEAD trial. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 156-65.
58. Reis LO, Favaro WJ, Barreiro GC, de Oliveira LC, Chaim EA, et al. Erectile dysfunction and hormonal imbalance in morbidly obese male is reversed after gastric bypass surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Int J Androl 2010; 33: 736-44.
59. Gupta BP, Murad MH, Clifton MM, Prokop L, Nehra A, et al. The effect of lifestyle modification and cardiovascular risk factor reduction on erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med 2011; 171: 1797-803.
60. Filippi S, Vignozzi L, Morelli A, Chavalmane AK, Sarchielli E, et al. Testosterone partially ameliorates metabolic profile and erectile responsiveness to PDE5 inhibitors in an animal model of male metabolic syndrome. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 3274-88.
61. Filippi S, Luconi M, Granchi S, Vignozzi L, Bettuzzi S, et al. Estrogens, but not androgens, regulate expression and functional activity of oxytocin receptor in rabbit epididymis. Endocrinology 2002; 143: 4271-80.
62. Furchgott RF. The 1996 Albert Lasker Medical Research Awards. The discovery of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and its importance in the identification of nitric oxide. JAMA 1996; 276: 1186-8.
63. Filippi S, Luconi M, Granchi S, Natali A, Tozzi P, et al. Endothelium-dependency of yohimbine-induced corpus cavernosum relaxation. Int J Impot Res 2002; 14: 295-307.
64. Vignozzi L, Morelli A, Filippi S, Comeglio P, Chavalmane AK, et al. Farnesoid X receptor activation improves erectile function in animal models of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 57-77.
65. Andersson KE. Neurophysiology/pharmacology of erection. Int J Impot Res 2001; 13 Suppl 3: S8-17.
66. Bozkurt NB, Vural IM, Sarioglu Y, Pekiner C. Nicotine potentiates the nitrergic relaxation responses of rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 558: 172-8.
67. Maggi M, Filippi S, Ledda F, Magini A, Forti G. Erectile dysfunction: from biochemical pharmacology to advances in medical therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 2000; 143: 143-54.
68. Maneschi E, Vignozzi L, Morelli A, Mello T, Filippi S, et al. FXR activation normalizes insulin sensitivity in visceral preadipocytes of a rabbit model of MetS. J Endocrinol 2013; 218: 215-31.
69. Traish AM, Feeley RJ, Guay A. Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: androgen deficiency and endothelial dysfunction may be the link between obesity and erectile dysfunction. FEBS J 2009; 276: 5755-67.
70. Nehra A, Jackson G, Miner M, Billups KL, Burnett AL, et al. The Princeton III Consensus recommendations for the management of erectile dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2012; 87: 766-78.
71. Montorsi P, Ravagnani PM, Galli S, Salonia A, Briganti A, et al. Association between erectile dysfunction and coronary artery disease: Matching the right target with the right test in the right patient. Eur Urol 2006, 50: 721-31.
72. Thompson IM, Tangen CM, Goodman PJ, Probstfield JL, Moinpour CM, et al. Erectile dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2005; 294: 2996-3002.
73. Corona G, Monami M, Boddi V, Cameron-Smith M, Lotti F, et al. Male sexuality and cardiovascular risk. A cohort study in patients with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 1918-27.
74. Mancini M, Bartolini M, Maggi M, Innocenti P, Villari N, et al. Duplex ultrasound evaluation of cavernosal peak systolic velocity and waveform acceleration in the penile flaccid state: clinical significance in the assessment of the arterial supply in patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Androl 2000; 23:199-204.
75. Roy C, Saussine C, Tuchmann C, Castel E, Lang H, et al. Duplex Doppler sonography of the flaccid penis: potential role in the evaluation of impotence. J Clin Ultrasound 2000; 28: 290-4.
76. Rastrelli G, Corona G, Lotti F, Aversa A, Bartolini M, et al. Flaccid penile acceleration as a marker of cardiovascular risk in men without classical risk factors. J Sex Med 2014; 11: 173-86.
77. Lee AJ, Price JF, Russell MJ, Smith FB, van Wijk MC, et al. Improved prediction of fatal myocardial infarction using the ankle brachial index in addition to conventional risk factors: the Edinburgh Artery Study. Circulation 2004; 110: 3075-80.
78. Zannad F, De Backer G, Graham I, Lorenz M, Mancia G, et al. ESC Working Group on CardioVascular Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. Risk stratification in cardiovascular disease primary prevention-scoring systems, novel markers, and imaging techniques. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2012; 26: 163-74.
79. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Silverii A, Monami M, Sforza A, et al. The identification of prediabetes condition with ARIC algorithm predicts long-term CV events in patients with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2013; 10: 1114-23.
80. Rastrelli G, Corona G, Fisher AD, Silverii A, Mannucci E, et al. Two unconventional risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events in subjects with sexual dysfunction: low education and reported partner's hypoactive sexual desire in comparison with conventional risk factors. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 3227-38.
81. Hermans MP, Fruchart JC. Reducing residual vascular risk in patients with atherogenic dyslipidemia: where do we go from here? Clin Lipidology 2010; 5: 811-26.
82. Inman BA, Sauver JL, Jacobson DJ, McGree ME, Nehra A, et al. A population-based, longitudinal study of erectile dysfunction and future coronary artery disease. Mayo Clin Proc 2009; 84: 108-13.
83. Guo W, Liao C, Zou Y, Li F, Li T, et al. Erectile dysfunction and risk of clinical cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of seven cohort studies. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 2805-16.
84. Dong JY, Zhang YH, Qin LQ. Erectile dysfunction and risk of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011; 58: 1378-85.
85. Vlachopoulos CV, Terentes-Printzios DG, Ioakeimidis NK, Aznaouridis KA, Stefanadis CI. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2013; 6: 99-109.
86. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Monami M, Melani C, Balzi D, et al. Body mass index regulates hypogonadism-associated CV risk: results from a cohort of subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 2098-105.
87. McGregor JC, Kim PW, Perencevich EN, Bradham DD, Furuno JP, et al. Utility of the chronic disease score and charlson comorbidity index as comorbidity measures for use in epidemiologic studies of antibioticresistant organisms. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161: 483-93.
88. Corona G, Monami M, Boddi V, Cameron-Smith M, Fisher AD, et al. Low testosterone is associated with an increased risk of MACE lethality in subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010; 7 (4 Pt 1): 1557-64.
89. Corona G, Rastrelli G, Boddi V, Monami M, Melani C, et al. Prolactin levels independently predict major cardiovascular events in patients with erectile dysfunction. Int J Androl 2011; 34: 217-24.
90. Rastrelli G, Corona G, Monami M, Melani C, Balzi D, et al. Poor response to alprostadil ICI test is associated with arteriogenic erectile dysfunction and higher risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 3433-45.
91. Corona G, Monami M, Boddi V, Rastrelli G, Melani C, et al. Pulse pressure independently predicts major cardiovascular events in younger but not in older subjects with erectile dysfunction. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 247-54.
92. Corona G, Mondaini N, Ungar A, Razzoli E, Rossi A, et al. Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in erectile dysfunction: the proper drug for the proper patient. J Sex Med 2011; 8: 3418-32.