Agronomic and Physiological Responses to High Temperature, Drought, and Elevated CO2 Interactions in Cereals

Advances in Agronomy

Volumn 127, Issue , 2014, Pages 111-156

  Jagadish, Krishna S V ^a   Kadam, Niteen N ^a   Xiao, Gui ^a   Jean Melgar, Reneeliza ^a   Bahuguna, Rajeev N ^a   Quinones, Cherryl ^a   Tamilselvan, Anandhan ^b   Prasad, Pagadala Vara V ^a  

^a INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Philippines)

^b KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Drought; High temperature; Photosynthesis; Quantitative trait loci; Water use efficiency

Indexed keywords

EID: 84903592922     PISSN: 00652113     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800131-8.00003-0     Document Type: Chapter

References (206)

1. Acevedo E.H., Silva P.C., Silva H.R., Solar B.R. Wheat production in Mediterranean environments. Wheat: Ecology and Physiology of Yield Determination 1999, 295-331. Food Products Press, Binghamton, NY. E.H. Satorre, G.A. Slafer (Eds.).
2. Ahuja I., de Vos R.C., Bones A.M., Hall R.D. Plant molecular stress responses face climate change. Trends Plant Sci. 2010, 15:664-674.
3. Ainsworth E.A. Rice production in changing climate: a meta-analysis of responses to elevated carbon dioxide and elevated ozone concentration. Global Change Biol. 2008, 14:1642-1650.
4. 2 and high temperature condition. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 2006, 1:11-16.
5. 2 increases water use efficiency by sustaining photosynthesis of water-limited maize and sorghum. J. Plant Physiol. 2011, 168:1909-1918.
6. Altenbach S.B., DuPont F.M., Kothari K.M., Chan R., Johnson E.L., Lieu D. Temperature, water and fertilizer influence the timing of key events during grain development in a US spring wheat. J. Cereal Sci. 2003, 37:9-20.
7. Anjum S.A., Xie X.Y., Wang L.C., Saleem M.F., Man C., Lei W. Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress. Afr. J. Agr. Res. 2011, 6:2026-2032.
8. Araus J.L., Serret M.D., Edmeades G.O. Phenotyping maize for adaptation to drought. Front. Physiol. 2012, 3:1-20.
9. Araus J.L., Slafer G.A., Reynolds M.P., Royo C. Plant breeding and drought in C3 cereals: what should we breed for?. Ann. Botany 2002, 89:925-940.
10. Aslam M., Zamir M.S.I., Afzal I., Yaseen M., Mubeen M., Shoai B.A. Drought stress, its effect on maize production and development of drought tolerance through potassium application. Cercetǎri Agron. Moldova 2013, 46:99-114.
11. 2 and temperature on rice: a summary of five growing seasons. J. Agr. Meteorol. 1993, 48:575-582.
12. Baker J.T., Allen L.H., Boote K.J., Pickering N.B. Rice responses to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment. 1. Growth and yield. Global Change Biol. 1997, 3:119-128.
13. Baker J., Hartwell Allen L., Boote K., Pickering N. Rice responses to drought under carbon dioxide enrichment. 2. Photosynthesis and evapotranspiration. Global Change Biol. 1997, 3:129-138.
14. Baker J.T., Allen L.H., Boote K.J. Response of rice to carbon dioxide and temperature. Agr. For. Meteorol. 1992, 60:153-166.
15. Balla K., Rakszegi M., Li Z., Bekes F., Bencze S., Veisz O. Quality of winter wheat in relation to heat and drought shock after anthesis. Czech J. Food Sci. 2011, 29:117-128.
16. Barnabás B., Jäger K., Fehér A. The effect of drought and heat stress on reproductive processes in cereals. Plant Cell Environ. 2008, 31:11-38.
17. Barriopedro D., Fischer E.M., Luterbacher J., Trigo R.M., García-Herrera R. The hot summer of 2010: redrawing the temperature record map of Europe. Science 2011, 332:220-224.
18. Battisti D.S., Naylor R.L. Historical warnings of future food insecurity with unprecedented seasonal heat. Science 2009, 323:240-244.
19. 2 and temperature on growth and yield of crops of winter wheat over four seasons. Eur. J. Agron. 1997, 7:43-52.
20. Bindi M., Olesen J.E. The responses of agriculture in Europe to climate change. Reg. Environ. Change 2011, 11:151-158.
21. Blum A. Effective use of water (EUW) and not water-use efficiency (WUE) is the target of crop yield improvement under drought stress. Field Crops Res. 2009, 112:119-123.
22. Bota J., Medrano H., Flexas J. Is photosynthesis limited by decreased Rubisco activity and RuBP content under progressive water stress?. New Phytol. 2004, 162:671-681.
23. 2 of wheat lines differing in adaptive traits. Funct. Plant Biol. 2013, 40:172-184.
24. Bowes G. Photosynthetic responses to changing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Photosynthesis and the Environment 1996, 387-407. Springer, Netherlands. N.R. Baker (Ed.).
25. Boyer J.S., Westgate M.E. Grain yields with limited water. J. Exp. Botany 2004, 55:2385-2394.
26. Britz S.J., Prasad P.V.V., Moreau R.A., Allen L.H., Kremer D.F., Boote K.J. Influence of growth temperature on the amounts of tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol in brown rice. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2007, 55:7559-7565.
27. Bunce J.A. Responses of stomatal conductance to light, humidity and temperature in winter wheat and barley grown at three concentrations of carbon dioxide in the field. Global Change Biol. 2000, 6:371-382.
28. Bunce J.A. Direct and acclamatory responses of stomatal conductance to elevated carbon dioxide in four herbaceous crop species in the field. Global Change Biol. 2001, 7:323-331.
29. Cairns J.E., Crossa J., Zaidi P.H., Grudloyma P., Sanchez C., Araus J.L., Thaitad S., Makumbi D., Magorokosho C., Bänziger M., Menkir A., Hearne S., Atlin G.N. Identification of drought, heat, and combined drought and heat tolerant donors in maize. Crop Sci. 2013, 53:1335-1346.
30. Cattivelli L., Rizza F., Badeck F.W., Mazzucotelli E., Mastrangelo A.M., Francia E., Mare C., Tondelli A., Stanca A.M. Drought tolerance improvement in crop plants: an integrated view from breeding to genomics. Field Crops Res. 2008, 105:1-14.
31. Chaudhuri U.N., Kirkham M.B., Kanemasu E.T. Root growth of winter wheat under elevated carbon dioxide and drought. Crop Sci. 1990, 30:853-867.
32. Chun J.A., Wang Q., Timlin D., Fleisher D., Reddy V.R. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide and water stress on gas exchange and water use efficiency in corn. Agr. For. Meteorol. 2011, 151:378-384.
33. Ciais P., Reichstein M., Viovy N., Granier A., Ogée J., Allard V., Aubinet M., Buchmann N., Bernhofer C., Carrara A., Chevallier F., De Noblet N., Friend A.D., Friedlingstein P., Grünwald T., Heinesch B., Keronen P., Knohl A., Krinner G., Loustau D., Manca G., Matteucci G., Miglietta F., Ourcival J.M., Papale D., Pilegaard K., Rambal S., Seufert G., Soussana J.F., Sanz M.J., Schulze E.D., Vesala T., Valentini R. Europe-wide reduction in primary productivity caused by the heat and drought in 2003. Nature 2005, 437:22.
34. 2 enrichment increases water-use efficiency in sorghum. New Phytol. 2001, 151:407-412.
35. Coumou D., Rahmstorf S. A decade of weather extremes. Nat. Climate Change 2012, 2:491-496.
36. Cossani C.M., Reynolds M.P. Physiological traits for improving heat tolerance in wheat. Plant Physiol. 2012, 160:1710-1718.
37. Craufurd P.Q., Peacock J.M. Effect of heat and drought stress on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). II. Grain yield. Exp. Agr. 1993, 29:77-86.
38. Craufurd P.Q., Wheeler T.R. Climate change and the flowering time of annual crops. J. Exp. Botany 2009, 60:2529-2539.
39. Day A.D., Barmore M.A. Effects of soil-moisture stress on the yield and quality of flour from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Agron. J. 1971, 63:115-116.
40. De Costa W.A.J.M., Weerakoon W.M.W., Herath H.M.L.K., Amaratunga K.S.P., Abeywardena R.M.I. Physiology of yield determination of rice under elevated carbon dioxide at high temperatures in a subhumid tropical climate. Field Crops Res. 2006, 96:336-347.
41. DES (Directorate of Economics and Statistics) Area, Production and Yield of Principal Crops 2009, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. http://www.dacnet.nic.in/.
42. Dolferus R., Ji X., Richards R.A. Abiotic stress and control of grain number in cereals. Plant Sci. 2011, 181:331-341.
43. 2?. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 1997, 48:609-639.
44. El Soda M., Nadakuduti S.S., Pillen K., Uptmoor R. Stability parameter and genotype mean estimates for drought stress effects on root and shoot growth of wild barley pre-introgression lines. Mol. Breeding 2010, 26:583-593.
45. Farooq M., Wahid A., Kobayashi N., Fujita D., Basra S.M.A. Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2009, 29:185-212.
46. Farooq M., Bramley H., Palta J.A., Siddique K.H.M. Heat stress in wheat during reproductive and grain-filling phases. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 2011, 30:491-507.
47. Farquhar G.D., Hubick K.T., Condon A.G., Richards R.A. Carbon isotope fractionation and plant water-use efficiency. Stable Isotopes in Ecological Research 1989, 21-40. Springer, New York.
48. 2 concentration affects mineral nutrient and protein concentration of wheat grain. Food Chem. 2012, 133:1307-1311.
49. Fischer R.A., Edmeades G.O. Breeding and cereal yield progress. Crop Sci. 2010, 50:85-98.
50. Foulkes M.J., Sylvester-Bradley R., Weightman R., Snape J.W. Identifying physiological traits associated with improved drought resistance in winter wheat. Field Crops Res. 2007, 103:11-24.
51. Founda D., Giannakopoulos C. The exceptionally hot summer of 2007 in Athens, Greece-a typical summer in the future climate?. Global Planet. Change 2009, 67:227-236.
52. Geiger M., Haake V., Ludewig F., Sonewald U., Stitt M. The nitrate and ammonium nitrate supply have a major influence on the response of photosynthesis, carbon metabolism, nitrogen metabolism, and growth to elevated carbon dioxide in tobacco. Plant Cell Environ. 1999, 22:1177-1199.
53. Gilbert N. Drought Devastates US Crops 2012, Nature News and Comments, Online at:. http://www.nature.com.ezproxy.library.wur.nl/news/drought-devastates-us-crops-1.11065.
54. Gooding M.J., Ellis R.H., Shewry P.R., Schofield J.D. Effects of restricted water availability and increased temperature on the grain filling, drying and quality of winter wheat. J. Cereal Sci. 2003, 37:295-309.
55. 2 enrichment (FACE) sites in Japan. Funct. Plant Biol. 2013, 40:148-159.
56. Hassan I.A. Effects of water stress and high temperature on gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence in Triticum aestivum L. Photosynthetica 2006, 44:312-315. Brief Communication.
57. 3 and water stress on growth and physiology of Egyptian cultivars of tomatoes. Gartenbauwissenschaft 1998, 76:122-135.
58. Havaux M. Stress tolerance of photosystem II in vivo: antagonistic effects of water, heat, and photoinhibition stresses. Plant Physiol. 1992, 100:424-432.
59. Heaton T., Lee A., Tallman G. Stomata in senescing leaves: guard cell viability and regulation of stomatal function in Nicotiana glauca. Plant Senescence: Its Biochemistry and Physiology 1987, 198-214. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, MD. W.W. Thomson, E.E. Nothnagel, R.C. Huffaker (Eds.).
60. Hedhly A. Sensitivity of flowering plant gametophytes to temperature fluctuations. Environ. Exp. Botany 2011, 74:9-16.
61. Henry A., Cal A.J., Batoto T.C., Torres R.O., Serraj R. Root attributes affecting water uptake of rice (Oryza sativa) under drought. J. Exp. Botany 2012, 63:4751-4763.
62. Heyne E.G., Brunson A.M. Genetic studies of heat and drought tolerance in maize. J. Am. Soc. Agron. 1940, 32:803-814.
63. Hoerling M., Schubert S., Mo K. Interpretation of Origins of 2012 Central Great Plains Drought 2013, Online at: www.drought.gov/drought/content/resources/reports.
64. 2 enrichment on biomass, yield and low molecular weight metabolites in wheat grain. J. Cereal Sci. 2010, 52:215-220.
65. Högy P., Poll C., Marhan S., Kandeler E., Fangmeier A. Impacts of temperature increase and change in precipitation pattern on crop yield and yield quality of barley. Food Chem. 2013, 136:1470-1477.
66. 2 enrichment experiment. Plant Biol. 2009, 11:60-69.
67. Holden C. Higher temperatures seen reducing global harvests. Science. 2009, 323. 193 pp.
68. 2 and temperature on wetland rice root dynamics. J. Agr. Meteorol. 1993, 48:783-786.
69. 2 on rice yield in Japan. J. Agr. Meteorol. 1993, 48:567-574.
70. Hurkman W.J., Wood D.F. High temperature during grain fill alters the morphology of protein and starch deposits in the starchy endosperm cells of developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain. J. Agr. Food Chem. 2011, 59:4938-4946.
71. IPCC Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policymakers 2013, http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5-SPM_Approved27Sep2013.pdf.
72. Jagadish S.K., Muthurajan R., Rang Z.W., Malo R., Heuer S., Bennett J., Craufurd P.Q. Spikelet proteomic response to combined water deficit and heat stress in rice (Oryza sativa cv. N22). Rice 2011, 4:1-11.
73. Jagadish S.V.K., Cairns J.E., Kumar A., Somayanda I.M., Craufurd P.Q. Does susceptibility to heat stress confound screening for drought tolerance in rice?. Funct. Plant Biol. 2011, 38:261-269.
74. Jagadish S.V.K., Cairns J., Lafitte R., Wheeler T.R., Price A.H., Craufurd P.Q. Genetic analysis of heat tolerance at anthesis in rice. Crop Sci. 2010, 50:1633-1641.
75. Jagadish S.V.K., Craufurd P.Q., Wheeler T.R. High temperature stress and spikelet fertility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Exp. Botany 2007, 58:1627-1635.
76. Jagadish S.V.K., Septiningsih E.M., Kohli A., Thomson M.J., Ye C., Redoña E., Kumar A., Gregorio G.B., Wassmann R., Ismail A.M., Singh R.K. Genetic advances in adapting rice to a rapidly changing climate. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2012, 198:360-373.
77. Johnson A.A.T. Enhancing the chelation capacity of rice to maximise iron and zinc concentrations under elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide. Funct. Plant Biol. 2013, 40:101-108.
78. 2-enriched maize and grain sorghum exposed to a short period of soil water deficit during vegetative development. J. Plant Physiol. 2011, 168:2169-2176.
79. 2 enrichment on crop plants are modified by soil water status. Plant Soil 2002, 238:69-77.
80. 2: integrating the photosynthetic and nitrogen utilization efficiencies. Front. Plant Sci. 2012, 3. 10.3389/fpls.2012.00162.
81. Karoly D.J. The recent bushfires and extreme heat wave in southeast Australia. Bull. Australian Meteorol. Oceanogr. Soc. 2009, 22:10-13.
82. Kato Y., Kamoshita A., Yamagishi J. Preflowering abortion reduces spikelet number in upland rice under water stress. Crop Sci. 2008, 48:2389-2395.
83. 2 concentration and high temperature on growth and yield of rice. II. The effects on yield and its components of Akihari rice. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 1996, 65:644-651. (In Japanese with English abstract).
84. Kim J., Shon J., Lee C.K., Yang W., Yoon Y., Yang W.H., Kim G.Y., Lee B.W. Relationship between grain filling duration and leaf senescence of temperate rice under high temperature. Field Crops Res. 2011, 122:207-213.
85. Kramer P.J. Carbon dioxide concentration, photosynthesis, and dry matter production. BioScience 1981, 31:29-33.
86. Lafitte H., Yongsheng G., Yan S., Li Z.K. Whole plant responses, key processes, and adaptation to drought stress: the case of rice. J. Exp. Botany 2006, 58:169-175.
87. Lea P.J., Leegood R.C. Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1999, John Wiley & Sons.
88. 2 effects on plant carbon, nitrogen, and water relations: six important lessons from FACE. J. Exp. Botany 2009, 60:2859-2876.
89. 2 concentration in the absence of drought. Plant Physiol. 2006, 140:779-790.
90. LeComte D. U.S. weather highlights 2012: heat, drought, and sandy. Weather Wise 2013, 66:12-19.
91. 2 enrichment and drought stress effects on grain filling rate and duration in spring wheat. Crop. Sci. 2000, 40:1263-1270.
92. 2 and drought stress on individual grain filling rates and durations of the main stem in spring wheat. Agr. For. Meteorol. 2001, 106:289-301.
93. Li Q., Zhang H., Liu X., Huang J. Urban heat island effect on annual year temperature during the last 50 years in China. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 2004, 79:165-174.
94. 2, nitrogen and drought on leaf area, stomatal conductance, and evapotranspiration of wheat. Agr. Water Manage. 2004, 67:221-233.
95. 2 on photosynthetic acclimation of single leaves of rice in situ. Physiol. Plantarum 1997, 99:178-184.
96. Lin C.J., Li C.Y., Lin S.K., Yang F.H., Huang J.J., Liu Y.H., Lur H.S. Influence of high temperature during grain filling on the accumulation of storage proteins and grain quality in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Agr. Food Chem. 2010, 58:10545-10552.
97. Lipiec J., Doussan C., Nosalewicz A., Kondracka K. Effect of drought and heat stresses on plant growth and yield: a review. Int. Agrophys. 2013, 27:463-477.
98. Liu J.X., Liao D.Q., Oane R., Estenor L., Yang X.E., Li Z.C., Bennett J. Genetic variation in the sensitivity of anther dehiscence to drought stress in rice. Field Crops Res. 2006, 97:87-100.
99. Lobell D.B., Schlenker W., Costa-Roberts J. Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science 2011, 333:616-620.
100. 2 concentration: has its importance been underestimated?. Plant Cell Environ. 1991, 14:729-739.
101. Lopes M.S., Reynolds M.P. Partitioning of assimilates to deeper roots is associated with cooler canopies and increased yield under drought in wheat. Funct. Plant Biol. 2010, 37:147-156.
102. Lopes M.S., Reynolds M.P. Stay-green in spring wheat can be determined by spectral reflectance measurements (normalized difference vegetation index) independently from phenology. J. Exp. Botany 2012, 63:3789-3798.
103. Lu C., Zhang J. Effects of water stress on photosystem II photochemistry and its thermostability in wheat plants. J. Exp. Botany 1999, 50:1199-1206.
104. Lyman B., Jagadish S.V.K., Nalley L.L., Dixon B.L., Siebenmorgen T. Neglecting rice milling yield and quality underestimates economic losses from high-temperature stress. PLoS One 2013, 8(8):e72157.
105. 2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice. J. Exp. Botany 2012, 63:3843-3852.
106. 2 enrichment. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2007, 27:79-87.
107. 2 enrichment and drought stress on maize growth. Eur. J. Agron. 2014, 52:11-21.
108. 2 concentration on spikelet sterility in indica rice. Field Crops Res. 1997, 51:213-219.
109. 2 enrichment responses of wheat: interactions with temperature, nitrate and phosphate. New Phytol. 1994, 1994:447-453.
110. Mishra A.K., Singh V.P. A review of drought concepts. J. Hydrol. 2010, 391:202-216.
111. 2 concentration and temperature on growth and yield of winter wheat at two levels of nitrogen application. Plant Cell Environ. 1993, 16:521-529.
112. Mittler R. Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination. Trends Plant Sci. 2006, 11:15-19.
113. Mittler R., Finka A., Golobinouff P. How do plants feel the heat?. Trends Biochem. Sci. 2012, 37:118-125.
114. 2 on rice productivity in Cauvery Delta Zone, India - a simulation analysis. J. Agr. Meteorol. 1993, 48:791-794.
115. Monneveux P., Jing R., Misra S.C. Phenotyping for drought adaptation in wheat using physiological traits. Front. Physiol. 2012, 3:1-12. 10.3389/fphys.2012.00429.
116. Nagarajan S., Jagadish S.V.K., Prasad A.S., Thomar A.K., Anand A., Pal M., Agarwal P.K. Local climate affects growth, yield and grain quality of aromatic and non-aromatic rice in northwestern India. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 2010, 138:274-281.
117. 2 concentrations and high temperatures. J. Agr. Meteorol. 1997, 52:797-800.
118. Nicolas M.E., Gleadow R.M., Dalling M.J. Effects of drought and high temperature on grain growth in wheat. Funct. Plant Biol. 1984, 11:553-566.
119. NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), State of the Climate: Global Hazards for August 2011 2011, (visited 13.12.13.). http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/hazards/2011/8.
120. NOAA National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), State of the Climate: Global Hazards for July 2012 2012, (visited 13.12.13.). http://www.ncdc.%20noaa.gov/sotc/national/2012/7.
121. Olesen J.E., Trnka M., Kersebaum K.C., Skjelvag A.O., Seguin B., Peltonen-Sainio P., Rossi F., Kozyra J., Micale F. Impacts and adaptation of European crop production systems to climate change. Eur. J. Agron. 2011, 34:96-112.
122. Ort D.R., Oxborough K., Wise R.R. Depressions of photosynthesis in crops with water deficits. Photoinhibition of Photosynthesis from Molecular Mechanisms to the Field 1994, 315-329. BIOS Scientific Publishers, Oxford. N.R. Baker, J.R. Bowyer (Eds.).
123. 2 increases sorghum biomass under drought condition. New Phytol. 2001, 150:261-273.
124. Ozturk A., Aydin F. Effect of water stress at various growth stages on some quality characteristics of winter wheat. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2004, 190:93-99.
125. Parry M.A., Andralojc P.J., Khan S., Lea P.J., Keys A.J. Rubisco activity: effects of drought stress. Ann. Botany 2002, 89:833-839.
126. Pandey S., Bhandari H., Ding S., Prapertchob P., Sharan S., Nak D., Taunk S., Sastri A. Coping with drought in rice farming in Asia: insights from a cross-country comparative study. Agr. Econ. 2007, 37:213-224.
127. Pearson P.N., Palmer M.R. Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations over the past 60 million years. Nature 2000, 406:695-699.
128. Peng S., Huang J., Sheehy J.E., Laza R.C., Visperas R.M., Zhong X., Centeno G.S., Khush G.S., Cassman K.G. Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2004, 101:9971-9975.
129. Pinto R.S., Reynolds M.P., Mathews K.L., McIntyre C.L., Olivares-Villegas J.J., Chapman S.C. Heat and drought adaptive QTL in a wheat population designed to minimize confounding agronomic effects. Theor. Appl. Genet. 2010, 121:1001-1021.
130. Plaut Z., Butow B.J., Blumenthal C.S., Wrigley C.W. Transport of dry matter into developing wheat kernels and its contribution to grain yield under post-anthesis water deficit and elevated temperature. Field Crops Res. 2004, 86:185-198.
131. Powell N., Ji X., Ravash R., Edlington J., Dolferus R. Yield stability for cereals in a changing climate. Funct. Plant Biol. 2012, 39:539-552.
132. Praba M.L., Cairns J.E., Babu R.C., Lafitte H.R. Identification of physiological traits underlying cultivar differences in drought tolerance in rice and wheat. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2009, 195:30-46.
133. Prasad P.V.V., Staggenborg S.A. Drought and/or Heat Stress on Physiological, Developmental, Growth, and Yield Processes of Crop Plants' Response to Limited Water: Understanding and Modelling Water Stress Effects on Plant Growth Processes 2008, Advances in Agricultural Systems Modeling Series 1. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711, USA. pp. 301-355.
134. Prasad P.V.V., Boote K.J., Allen L.H. Adverse high temperature effects on pollen viability, seed-set, seed yield and harvest index of grain-sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) are more severe at elevated carbon dioxide due to higher tissue temperatures. Agr. For. Meteorol. 2006, 139:237-251.
135. Prasad P.V.V., Boote K.J., Allen L.H. Longevity and temperature response of pollen as affected by elevated growth temperature and carbon dioxide in peanut and grain sorghum. Environ. Exp. Botany 2011, 70:51-57.
136. Prasad P.V., Boote K.J., Vu J.C., Allen L.H. The carbohydrate metabolism enzymes sucrose-P synthase and ADG-pyrophosphorylase in Phaseolus bean leaves are up-regulated at elevated growth carbon dioxide and temperature. Plant Sci. 2004, 166:1565-1573.
137. Prasad P.V.V., Pisipati S.R., Momčilović I., Ristic Z. Independent and combined effects of high temperature and drought stress during grain filling on plant yield and chloroplast EF-Tu expression in spring wheat. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2011, 197:430-441.
138. 4 sorghum plant at elevated growth carbon dioxide and temperature occur at early stages of leaf ontogeny. Funct. Plant Biol. 2009, 36:761-769.
139. Prentice I.C. The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis 2001, 183-237. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. J.T. Houghton, Y. Ding, D.J. Griggs, M. Noguer, P.J. van der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell, C.A. Johnson (Eds.).
140. 2 and temperature on nitrogen dynamics and microbial activity during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth on a subtropical inceptisol in India. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2012, 198:452-465.
141. Rang Z.W., Jagadish S.V.K., Zhou Q.M., Craufurd P.Q., Heuer S. Effect of high temperature and water stress on pollen germination and spikelet fertility in rice. Environ. Exp. Botany 2011, 70:58-65.
142. Rawson H.M. Yield responses of two wheat genotypes to carbon dioxide and temperature in field studies using temperature gradient tunnels. Australian J. Plant Physiol. 1995, 22:23-32.
143. 2 concentration on photosynthesis and plant productivity. Curr. Sci. 2010, 99:46-57.
144. Ristic Z., Cass D.D. Chloroplast structure after water and high-temperature stress in two lines of maize that differ in endogenous levels of abscisic acid. Int. J. Plant Sci. 1992, 153:186-196.
145. Rizhsky L., Liang H., Mittler R. The combined effect of drought stress and heat shock on gene expression in tobacco. Plant Physiol. 2002, 130:1143-1151.
146. Rizhsky L., Liang H., Shuman J., Shulaev V., Davletova S., Mittler R. When defense pathways collide: the response of Arabidopsis to a combination of drought and heat stress. Plant Physiol. 2004, 134:1683-1696.
147. 2 alleviates the impact of drought on barley, improving water status by lowering stomatal conductance and delaying its effects on photosynthesis. Env. Exp. Botany 2007, 59:252-263.
148. 2 reduces the drought effect on nitrogen metabolism in barley plants during drought and subsequent recovery. Env. Exp. Botany 2011, 71:399-408.
149. 2 enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere. Environ. Pollut. 1994, 83:155-189.
150. Rollins J.A., Habte E., Templer S.E., Colby T., Schmidt J., von Korff M. Leaf proteome alterations in the context of physiological and morphological responses to drought and heat stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). J. Exp. Botany 2013, 64:3201-3212.
151. Rosenweig C., Parry M. Potential impact of climate change in world food supply. Nature 1994, 367:133-138.
152. 2 enrichment and temperature on carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning in rice. Environ. Exp. Botany 1996, 36:111-124.
153. 2 and temperature on dry matter production, net assimilation rate, C and N allocations in tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.). Field Crops Res. 2012, 139:71-79.
154. Sadras V.O., Monzon J.P. Modelled wheat phenology captures rising temperature trends: shortened time to flowering and maturity in Australia and Argentina. Field Crops Res. 2006, 99:136-146.
155. Samarah N.H. Effects of drought stress on growth and yield of barley. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 2005, 25:145-149.
156. Savin R., Nicolas M.E. Effects of short periods of drought and high temperature on grain growth and starch accumulation of two malting barley cultivars. Australian J. Plant Physiol. 1996, 23:201-210.
157. 2 atmosphere. New Phytol. 1998, 139:395-436.
158. 2 and water limitation. Environ. Pollut. 2001, 114:187-194.
159. Serraj R., McNally K.L., Slamet-Loedin I., Kohli A., Haefele S.M., Atlin G., Kumar A. Drought resistance improvement in rice: an integrated genetic and resource management strategy. Plant Prod. Sci. 2011, 14:1-14.
160. Serraj R., Sinclair T.R. Osmolyte accumulation: can it really help increase crop yield under drought conditions?. Plant Cell Environ. 2002, 25:333-341.
161. Shah F., Huang J., Cu I.K., Nie L., Shah T., Chen C., Wang K. Impact of high-temperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance. J. Agr. Sci. 2011, 149:545-556.
162. Shah N.H., Paulsen G.M. Interaction of drought and high temperature on photosynthesis and grain-filling of wheat. Plant Soil 2003, 257:219-226.
163. Shangguan Z., Shao M., Dyckmans J. Interaction of osmotic adjustment and photosynthesis in winter wheat under soil drought. J. Plant Physiol. 1999, 154:753-758.
164. Shi W., Muthurajan R., Rahman H., Selvam J., Peng S., Zou Y., Jagadish S.V.K. Source-sink dynamics and proteomic reprogramming under elevated night temperature and their impact on rice yield and grain quality. New Phytol. 2013, 197:825-837.
165. 2 elevation in rice. Global Change Biol. 2013, 19:2444-2453.
166. 2 relates to growth before heading, and not to maturity group. J. Exp. Botany 2009, 60:523-532.
167. Sinsawat V., Leipner J., Stamp P., Fracheboud Y. Effect of heat stress on the photosynthetic apparatus in maize (Zea mays L.) grown at control or high temperature. Environ. Exp. Botany 2004, 52:123-129.
168. Swamy B.P.M., Kumar A. Genomics-based precision breeding approaches to improve drought tolerance in rice. Biotechnol. Adv. 2013, 31:1308-1318.
169. Taiz L., Zeiger E. Plant Physiology 2002, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 690 pp. third ed.
170. Takeoka Y., Hiroi K., Kitano H., Wada T. Pistil hyperplasia in rice spikelets as affected by heat-stress. Sexual Plant Reprod. 1991, 4:39-43.
171. Teixeira E.I., Fischer G., Van Velthuizen H., Walter C., Ewert F. Global hot-spots of heat stress on agricultural crops due to climate change. Agr. For. Meteorol. 2011, 170:206-215.
172. Tester R.F., Morrison W.R., Ellis R.H., Piggott J.R., Batts G.R., Wheller T.R., Morison J.I.L., Hadley P., Ledward D.A. Effects of elevated growth temperature and carbon dioxide levels on some physiochemical properties of wheat starch. J. Cereal Sci. 1995, 22:63-71.
173. Tezara W., Lawlor D.W. Effects of heat stress on the biochemistry and physiology of photosynthesis in sunflower. Photosynthesis: From Light to Biosphere 1995, vol. IV:625-628. Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht - Boston - London. P. Mathis (Ed.).
174. 2 in wheat depends on the differences of leaf mass per unit area. Funct. Plant Biol. 2013, 40:185-194.
175. Thomas, J.F., Harvey, C.N., 1983. Leaf anatomy of four species grown under continuous CO2 enrichment. Bot. Gaz. 144, the University of Chicago Press, 303-309.
176. Uga Y., Sugimoto K., Ogawa S., Rane J., Ishitani M., Hara N., Kitomi Y., Inukai Y., Ono K., Kanno N., Inoue H., Takehisa H., Motoyama R., Nagamura Y., Wu J., Matsumoto T., Takai T., Okuno K., Yano M. Control of root system architecture by DEEPER ROOTING 1 increases rice yield under drought conditions. Nat. Genet. 2013, 45:1097-1102.
177. Ugarte C., Calderini D.F., Slafer G.A. Grain weight and grain number responsiveness to pre-anthesis temperature in wheat, barley and triticale. Field Crops Res. 2007, 100:240-248.
178. Uprety D.C., Dwivedi N., Jain V., Mohan R. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on the stomatal parameters of rice cultivars. Photosynthetica 2002, 40:315-319.
179. Vanaja M., Yadav S.K., Archana G., Lakshmi N.J., Reddy P.R.R., Vagheera P., Razak S.K.A., Maheswari M., Venkateswarlu B. Response of C4 (maize) and C3 (sunflower) crop plants to drought stress and enhanced carbon dioxide concentration. Plant Soil Env. 2011, 57:207-215.
180. Vikram P., Swamy B.M., Dixit S., Ahmed H.U., Cruz M.T.S., Singh A.K., Kumar A. qDTY1.1, a major QTL for rice grain yield under reproductive-stage drought stress with a consistent effect in multiple elite genetic backgrounds. BMC Genet. 2011, 12:89.
181. Vose R.S., Easterling D.R., Gleason B. Maximum and minimum temperature trends for the globe: an update through 2004. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2005, 32:L23822.
182. 2 and water deficit effects on photosynthesis, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase, and carbohydrate metabolism in rice. Physiol. Plant. 1998, 103:327-339.
183. 2 delays the adverse effects of drought stress on leaf photosynthesis of the C(4) sugarcane. J. Plant Physiol. 2009, 166:107-116.
184. 2 enrichment delays a rapid, drought-induced decrease in Rubisco small subunit transcript abundance. J. Plant Physiol. 1999, 155:139-142.
185. 2 and temperature on photosynthesis and Rubisco in rice and soybean. Plant Cell Environ. 1997, 20:68-76.
186. Wahid A., Gelani S., Ashraf M., Foolad M.R. Heat tolerance in plants: an overview. Environ. Exp. Botany 2007, 61:199-223.
187. 2 improved Sorghum plant water status by ameliorating the adverse effects of drought. New Phytol. 2001, 152:231-248.
188. Wall G.W., Garcia R.L., Kimball B.A., Hunsaker D.J., Pinter P.J., Long S.P., Osborne C.P., Hendrix D.L., Wechsung F., Wechsung G., Leavitt S.W., LaMorte R.L., Idso S.B. Interactive effects of elevated carbon dioxide and drought on wheat. Agron. J. 2006, 98:354-381.
189. Wang X., Cai J., Liu F., Jin M., Yu H., Jiang D., Wollenweber B., Dai T., Cao W. Pre-anthesis high temperature acclimation alleviates the negative effects of post-anthesis heat stress on stem stored carbohydrates remobilization and grain starch accumulation in wheat. J. Cereal Sci. 2012, 55:331-336.
190. Wassmann R., Jagadish S.V.K., Heuer S., Ismail A., Redoña E., Serraj R., Singh R.K., Howell G., Pathak H., Sumfleth K. Climate change affecting rice production: the physiological and agronomic basis for possible adaptation strategies. Adv. Agron. 2009, 101:59-64.
191. Weerakoon W.M.W., Maruyama A., Ohba K. Impact of humidity on temperature-induced grain sterility in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Agron. Crop Sci. 2008, 194:135-140.
192. 2. J. Exp. Botany 1996, 47:623-630.
193. 2 delays drought stress and accelerates recovery of rice leaf photosynthesis. Env. Exp. Botany 2003, 49:259-272.
194. 2 concentration on growth, water use, yield and grain quality of wheat under two soil water levels. Agr. Ecosyst. Environ. 2004, 104:493-507.
195. 2: implications for water limited environments. Plant Cell Environ. 2002, 25:319-331.
196. 2 and drought stress on leaf water potential and growth in Caragana intermedia. Trees 2005, 19:712-721.
197. Xu Z.Z., Zhou G.S. Effects of water stress and nocturnal temperature on carbon allocation in the perennial grass, Leymus chinensis. Physiol. Plant. 2005, 123:272-280.
198. Xu Z.Z., Zhou G.S. Combined effects of water stress and high temperature on photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism and lipid peroxidation of a perennial grass Leymus chinensis. Plantarum 2006, 224:1080-1090.
199. Yang C., Zhu D., Zhou Y., Ahou N., Yuan P. Analysis on rice yield and its components under different environments. Southwest China J. Agr. Sci. 2004, S1:35-39.
200. Ye C., Argayoso M.A., Redoña E.D., Sierra S.N., Laza M.A., Dilla C.J., Mo Y., Thomson M., Chin J., dela Viña C.B., Diaz G.Q., Hernandez J.E. Mapping QTL for heat tolerance at flowering stage in rice using SNP markers. Plant Breed. 2012, 131:33-41.
201. Yordanov I., Tsonev T., Goltsev V., Kruleva L., Velikova V. Interactive effect of water deficit and high temperature on photosynthesis in sunflower and maize plants. 1. Changes in parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics and fluorescence quenching. Photosynthetica 1997, 33:391-402.
202. Yordanov I., Velikova V., Tsonev T. Influence of drought, high temperature, and carbamide cytokinin 4-PU-30 on photosynthetic activity of bean plants. 1. Changes in chlorophyll fluorescence quenching. Photosynthetica 1999, 37:447-457.
203. Yordanov I., Velikova V., Tsonev T. Plant responses to drought, acclimation, and stress tolerance. Photosynthetica 2000, 38:171-186.
204. Zhang T., Huang Y. Impacts of climate change and inter-annual variability on cereal crops in China from 1980 to 2008. J. Sci. Food Agr. 2012, 92:1643-1652.
205. 2 on root dynamics of water-stressed maize. J. Food Agr. Environ. 2013, 11:1037-1041.
206. Zorrilla G., Martinez C., Berrío L., Corredor E., Carmona L., Pulver E. Improving rice production systems in Latin America and the Caribbean. Eco-Efficiency: From Vision to Reality 2012, 161-170. CIAT, Cali, Colombia.